Exam info Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
2 important roles/characteristics of USSOCOM (Why is it different from other commands?)
A
- It is combatant command with worldwide responsibility (similar to GCC). 2. It also has service and military department-like responsibilities like supply, training, doctrine. Gets own $$$ direct from congress.
2
Q
What are Theater Special Operations Command (TSOC) and what to they do?
A
TSOC are embedded in GCC’s and exercises OPCON of all assigned or attached SOF inside of theater.
3
Q
What are S.O. Limitations (5)
A
- Improper employment of SOF could result in the depletion of forces.
- SOF should normally be employed against targets with strategic or operational relevance.
- SOF are not a substitute for conventional forces.
- SOF logistic support is austere.
- Most of SOF is tactically deployed with limited size due to mission or political considerations.
4
Q
S.O Truths
A
- Humans are more important than hardware
- Quality is better than Quantity
- Special Operations Forces cannot be mass produced
- Competent SOF cannot be created after emergencies occur
- Most Special Operations require non-SOF assistance
5
Q
Judge Advocates play a part is what stage of joint operations?
A
JAs play in integral role in all stages of joint operations.
6
Q
where are JAs assigned
A
to every echelon above Battalion (except SOF where they go to some BNs).
7
Q
6 core legal disciplines
A
- International Law
- Criminal Law (statutory)
- Administrative and Civil Law
- Contract and Fiscal Law
- Claims
- Legal Assistance
8
Q
what is operational law
A
relevant aspects of military law that affect the conduct of operations.
9
Q
Rules of Engagement (ROE) what they do?
A
- delineates the circumstances and limitations under which US forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered.
10
Q
What are the 4 Law of War (LOW) Principals and what is their purpose?
A
set up for humanitarian purposes:
4 principals:
Necessity
Proportionality
Distinction/Discrimination
Prevent Unnecessary Suffering
11
Q
Law of war: Define Necessity
A
seizure of destruction of target is necessary to the successful accomplishment of the mission (consider Rendulic - what did you know at the time of the decision)
12
Q
Law of War: Define Proportionality
A
Anticipated loss of life/property incidental to attacks must not be excessive in relation tote concrete and direct military advantage expected. (CDR must weigh expected advantages to be gained against anticipated collateral damages).
13
Q
Define Distinction/Discrimination in LOW
A
Distinguish between combatants and non-combatants and VALID MILITARY OBJECTIVES and civilian objects (“Grandfather Principle”)
14
Q
Define Prevent Unnecessary Suffering in LOW
A
Employ only lawful weapons (May not use arms calculated to cause unnecessary suffering).
15
Q
Definition of a Legal Military Objective
A
“Those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite advantage.”
16
Q
What are 3 things to remember in Joint investigations (stomp stomp)?
A
- Cannot combine service investigations - Can appoint officer of one branch to conduct investigation of sister service. - remember everything you put in your investigation can (and likely will) be released to public under FOIA.
17
Q
Special Operations Capabilities (11)
A
- Can be task-organized quickly and deployed rapidly to provide tailored responses to many different situations.
- Can gain access to hostile or denied areas, and are comfortable working in those areas.
- They deploy with the capability to support themselves and those they support in terms of medical support.
- Provide limited medical support for themselves and those they support.
- Communicate worldwide with organic equipment.
- Conduct operations in austere, harsh environments without extensive support.
- Survey and assess local situations and report these assessments rapidly.
- Work closely with regional military and civilian authorities and populations.
- Organize people into working teams to help solve local problems.
- Deploy with a generally lower profile and less intrusive presence than CF.
- Provide unconventional options for addressing ambiguous situations.
18
Q
When is the best time to get your JAG involved if there are questions on operational law.
A
Gets your JAG involved early.
19
Q
Name the 11 Special Operations Core Activities (IAW JP 3-05, April 2011)
A
- Direct Action
- Special Reconnaissance
- Counter proliferation of WMD
- Counterterrorism
- Unconventional Warfare
- Foreign Internal Defense
- Security Force Assistance
- Counterinsurgency Operations
- Information Operations
- Military Information Support Operations
- Civil Affairs Operations
20
Q
SOF: Define Direct Action (DA)
A
Short-duration strikes and other small scale offensive actions that employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets.
21
Q
SOF: Define Special Reconnaissance (SR)
A
collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces
22
Q
SOF: Define Counter Proliferation of WMD
A
Those actions (e.g. detect and monitor, prepare to conduct counter proliferation operations, offensive operations, weapons of mass destruction, active defense, and passive defense) taken to defeat the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United States, our military forces, friends and allies. JP 3-40
23
Q
SOF: Define Counterterrorism (CT)
A
Actions taken directly against terrorist networks and indirectly to influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks. JP 3.26
24
Q
SOF: Define Unconventional Warfare (UW)
A
Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary and guerrilla force in a denied area.
25
SOF: Define Foreign Internal Defense (FID)
participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another government or designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency.” Like UW, FID is an umbrella concept that covers a broad range of activities. Its primary intent is to help the legitimate host government address internal threats and their underlying causes.
26
SOF: Define Security Force Assistance (SFA)
Security Force Assistance (SFA) is described as that set of activities that contribute to the development of capability and capacity of foreign security forces (FSF) and their supporting institutions."
27
SOF: Define Counterinsurgency Operations (COIN)
those military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency (JP 1-02)
28
SOF: Define Information Operations (IO)
The integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operations to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own
29
SOF: Define MIlitary Information Support Operations (MISO)
MISO are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator’s objectives. JP 3-13.2, W/CH1 Dec 2011
30
SOF: Define Civil Affairs Operations (CAO)
Those military operations planned, supported, executed, or transitioned by Civil Affairs forces through, with, or by the indigenous population and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or other governmental agencies to modify behaviors, to mitigate or defeat threats to civil society, and to assist in establishing the capacity for deterring or defeating future civil threats in support of civil-military operations or other United States objectives. - CAO is what CA units do. CMO is what the ground commander is responsible to do.
31
Contemporary Navy Core Competencies.
1. Forward Naval Presence
2. Expeditionary Power Projection
3. Sea Control
4. Deterrence
5. Humanitarian Assist / Disaster Response (HA/DR)
6. Maritime Security Operations
32
Areas of naval combat:
1. Mine
2. Anti-submarine
3. Surface
4. Air Warfare
5. TBMD
6. ISR
33
Carrier Strike Group (CSG) capabilities
1. 90-110 Sorties per day (12-hour day)
2. Freedom of Navigation/Maneuver
3. Full Spectrum of Warfare Capabilities
4. Self-sustaining
5. 700 nm per day (25 knots)
6. C2 for all assets
7. Sovereign territory
34
Carrier Strike Group (CSG) Limitations
1. Carrier cannot operate like an airfield - Wind Over the Deck (WOD) requirements - Sea state considerations
2. Underway Replenishment – “UNREP” - Frequent Resupply (approximately every 7-10 days)
3. Sustained Ops for 12 hours per day - 24/7 requires 2+ carriers
4. Self-defense Sorties Reduce Strike Sorties
5. Ship or Aircraft Maintenance Affects Flight Operations
35
Primary purpose of an ARG/ESG w/ MEU
The ARG/MEU’s primary purpose is providing forward presence and power projection capabilities, ranging from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, to crisis response and full scale combat operations.
36
What is the JIACG?
Working group at the GCC level. Purpose to bridge the gap between civilian and military operational coordination across the spectrum of crisis prevention, conflict intervention, transition and post-conflict reconstruction. Key Element in Integrating the Interagency into Military Planning and Operations
37
What is USAID?
Is the principal USG agency that provides disaster assistance and recovery, democratic reforms, and economic development to other countries.
Independent USG Agency, but gets policy direction from DoS.
38
USAID Core capabilities
1. Peace and Security: Post-Conflic Reconstruction, Crop Substitution (counter narcotics)
2. Governing Justly and Democratically: Political Process, Independent Media, Governance & Anticorruption, Rule of Law, Civil Society
3. Investing in People: Child Survival and Maternal Health, Education, HIV/AIDS and Infectious Disease
4. Economic Growth: loans, agriculture, economic reforms, trade
5. Humanitarian Assistance: Anti-Trafficking in Persons, Aid, Infect Dz.
6. Disaster Assistance: Deploy Disaster Asst Response Team Coordinate disaster relief efforts
39
8 Principals of Sustainment
1. Integration
2. Anticipation
3. Responsiveness
4. Simplicity
5. Economy
6. Survivability
7. Continuity
8. Improvisation
40
8 Principals of Sustainment
1. Integration
2. Anticipation
3. Responsiveness
4. Simplicity
5. Economy
6. Survivability
7. Continuity
8. Improvisation
41
What is AIRPOWER?
Airpower is the ability to project military power or influence through the control and exploitation of air, space, and cyberspace to achieve strategic, operational, or tactical objectives.
42
What are the Tenets of Airpower?
* Centralized Control / Decentralized Execution
* Flexibility and Versatility
* Synergistic Effects
* Persistence
* Concentration
* Priority
* Balance
43
What are the 12 USAF Core Functions?
\* Nuclear Deterrence Operations
\* Air Superiority
\* Space Superiority
\* Cyberspace Superiority
\* Command and Control
\* Global Integrated ISR
\* Global Precision Attack
\* Special Operations
\* Rapid Global Mobility
\* Personnel Recovery
\* Agile Combat Support
\* Building Partnerships
44
What are some AF limitations we should think about when supporting a JFC?
- Virtually all AF capabilities rely on Air Superiority
- Generally need forward basing and overflight clearance in or near the JOA
- Persistence and range require tankers and air refueling
- Crew and aircraft sortie limitations - Forward basing can strain limited mobility assets
- Air assets are limited -- multiple missions dilute capabilities.
- Requirement for intelligence/weather support for accurate targeting
- Limited attack effectiveness against dispersed fielded forces (COIN?)
- Political commitment and restraints/constraints
- Strategic attack may have limited effect against determined enemy
- Inability to seize/hold terrain
- C2 not “forward” in the battle space (infrastructure requires fixed operating locations in a permissive environment)
45
The ASCC/Theater Army’s principal focus in on what level and involves what activities?
operational level support involving force generation and sustainment during campaigns and joint operations
46
What type of HQ are designed to mission command land forces in major operations and is the Army headquarters of choice for JTF/JFLCC responsibilities.
Army Corps headquarters
47
What type of HQ serves as the Army’s primary tactical headquarters and is capable of transitioning to JTF/JFLCC requirements for SSCs
Army Division HQ
48
What is the ARFOR HQ?
The Army component and senior Army headquarters of all Army forces assigned or attached to a combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command. See JP 3-0. (ADRP 1-02)
49
What is the critical responsibility of the HQs ARFOR?
Identifies requirements and establishes priorities for sustainment of Army forces in the Joint Operational Area and coordinates with the Theater Army (ASCC) for sustainment support
50
Capabilities of a TSC (Theater Sustainment Command)
1 Provides materiel and distribution management for Army forces in theater
2 Army integrator of logistics with joint and strategic partners in the national sustainment base in a theater
3 Coordinates distribution from national/strategic level (ASC) to deployed sustainment BDEs, Subordinate ESCs, sustainment BDEs
4. globally employable
5 Provides command and control of assigned logistics forces in its region
51
Mission of the TSC:
The mission of the TSC is to plan, prepare, rapidly deploy, and execute operational-level sustainment (less health service support) within an assigned theater. The TSC is capable of planning, controlling, and synchronizing all operational-level Army sustainment operations for the ASCC or JFC. It provides a single operational-level Army sustainment C2 structure in theater; simultaneously supporting deployment, movement, sustainment, redeployment, reconstitution, and retrograde.
52
DLA-E Mission?
To provide the Department of Defense and other government agencies with comprehensive energy solutions (i.e. FUEL) in the most effective and efficient manner possible.
53
AMC Function / Mission
Equips and sustains the Army. The Army’s materiel integrator. It provides national level sustainment, acquisition integration support, contracting services (i.e. LOGCAP) and selected logistics support to Army forces. It also provides related common support to other Services, multinational, and interagency partners. The capabilities of USAMC are diverse and are accomplished through its various major subordinate commands and other subordinate organizations.
54
Two parts of the MEDCOM (DS)
The MEDCOM (DS) is composed of an operational command post (OCP) and a main command post (MCP). Deployed into AO based on mission size (scalable to METT-TC)
55
Describe the MEDCOM (DS)
- Assigned to the ASCC and is allocated on a basis of one per theater. - Serves as the MEDICAL FORCE PROVIDER for the AO and focuses on AO medical OPLANs and medical contingency plans. - It accomplishes its Title 10 responsibilities and Army support to other Services for the AO. - Partners and trains with host nation and multinational medical units. -It establishes a command relationship with the ASCC commander and the GCC to influence and improve the delivery of health care and is linked to the theater sustainment command by the medical logistics management center for coordination and planning.
56
Who commands USAMEDCOM
- Commanded by the Army Surgeon General - Provides AHS support for mobilization, deployment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization across a range of military operations. - Integrates the capabilities of its subordinate operational Army medical units with generating force assets such as medical treatment facilities and research, development, and acquisition capabilities.
57
3 types of multinational command structures
Integrated vs Lead Nation vs Parallel
58
Marines Corps Roles and Functions
1. Seizure & Defense of advanced naval bases.
2. Security support (naval bases, stations, & embassies)
3. Establish “Amphibious Operational Doctrine”
4. “Other duties as the President may direct”
59
Marines Limitations
- Limited Engineer Support (esp at lower levels and any they do have are horizontal, i.e. mobility, but not construction i.e. vertical).
- Sustained Logistics (i.e. more than they bring with them),
- Medical/Dental (from Navy), Military Police/POWs/MWDs,
- Artillery (Need their Air),
- Line Haul, Bulk Fuel/Distribution: Require Joint support
- Limited Armor,
60
Marines are responsible (lead agent) for what joint doctrine:
1. amphibious EMBARKATION. (NAVY does overall amphibious doctrine).
2. Urban Operations
3. NEO
4. CAS
5. Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
6. FID
61
Marines Capabilities
Ground combat centric force built around the ground combat element. Capable of amphibious operations, relatively quick to worldwide locations (Power projection/operationally significant response time), wide variety of mission sets
62
Traditional MEU Missions (16)
1. -Amphibious Assault
2. -Amphibious Raid
3. -Maritime Interception
4. -Expeditionary Aviation Operations
5. -Advance Force Operations
6. -Theater Security Cooperation
7. -NEO
8. -Airfield/Port Seizure
9. -HA
10. -Stability Operations
11. -Joint and Combined Operations
12. -TRAP
13. -Security Ops
14. -Special Reconnaissance (MARSOC)
15. -FID (MARSOC)
16. -DA (MARSOC)
63
Types of U.S. Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs)
Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), Marine Expeditionary Force (Fwd) (MEF (Fwd)), Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB), Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), Special Purpose Marine Air-ground Task Force (SPMAGTF)
64
Elements of U.S. Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTAFs)
command element (CE) ground combat element (GCE) aviation combat element (ACE) logistics combat element (LCE)
65
How many Marines does title 10 mandate they have
The Marine Corps is mandated by Title 10 to maintain 3 Divisions in the form of MEFs
66
How long can a MEU, MEB and MEF sustain themselves with their organic UBL?
MEU - 15 days MEB - 30 days MEF - 60 days
67
Which COCOM owns space?
STRATCOM
68
Space Strategic Capabilities (4)
1. Global Access
- No geographical boundaries
- Lack of overflight restrictions
2. Global Coverage - can reach anywhere
3. Persistence - always up there
4. Minimal forward-deployed footprint
69
what are the Space Operational Capabilities (7)
1 Positioning / navigation support
2 Support to Combat Search and Rescue
3 Space / Environmental monitoring
4 Reach-back Communications
5 Space and terrestrial ISR
6 Ballistic missile warning
7 Space launch and satellite control
70
Strategic Limitations of space operations
Constrained by laws of physics …orbits
Limited space-based force application capability
Expensive to develop and launch; multiple launches
No upgrades once on-orbit
Maneuverability vs. Life span
71
Operational Limitations of space operations
Limited assets available—Prioritization needed
Timeliness of launch
Asymmetric vulnerability (including space wx, debris)
Predictability of orbits
72
OPLAN Annex for Space Ops
OPLAN, Annex N
73
Difference bettween Inter-organizational and Interagency
**_- Inter-organizational_** = among elements of the DoD; US Government Agencies; State/Local/Territorial/Tribal Agencies; Foreign Military Forces, Foreign Government Agencies; Intergovernmental Organizations; Non-Governmental Organizations; Private Sector
**_- Interagency_** = among elements of the DoD and US Government agencies only.
74
These two DoD personnel work in an Embassy?
Who are they, what are their responsibilities, and who do they work for?
**An attaché** from DoD is assigned to each embassy. This person works for the Ambassador, not for COCOM.This person is generally a FAO or someone from the Intelligence communityDefense attaché office:
Responsibilities: DoD and Service Representation to foreign military, Overt reporting and analysis of military matters, Security Cooperation Organizations, Plans, Coordinates, manages security cooperation programs, Monitors use of US origin equipment, Provides program recommendations to DoD, Geographic Combatant Commander, and Ambassador.
**The Senior Defense Official (SDO)** is the principal military advisor to the Ambassador. He is the principal DoD diplomatic representative of the SECDEF and DoD components. He is the principal embassy liaison with Host Nation defense establishments.
75
How does USAF units deploy?
As an Air Expeditionary Task Force (AETF).
Additional info:
Whole units do not deploy; Airmen are individually pulled throughout Air Force to fulfill deployment manning requirements of an air expeditionary force (AEF) . If Air Force forces are attached to a JFC, they should be presented as an air expeditionary task force (AETF). The AETF becomes the Air Force Service component to the JTF and the AETF commander is the COMAFFOR to the JTF commander.
76
According to Title 14 the USCG is exempt from what and why?
Posse Comitatus Act: They are law enforcement officers and can make arrests
77
Three statutory roles of the Coast Guard?
Maritime safety, security, and stewardship
78
11 Coast Guard missions:
- Ice operations
- Living marine resources (fisheries law enforcement)
- Marine environmental protection
- Marine safety
- Aids to navigation
- Search and rescue
- Maritime law enforcement
- Migrant interdiction
- Ports, waterways and coastal security (PWCS)
- Drug interdiction
- Search and Rescue
79
What is a Covert Operation:
(DOD) An operation that conceals the identity of the sponsor.
80
What is a Clandestine Operation:
(DOD) Emphasis is placed on concealment of the operation.
81
Tenets of Multinational Ops (7):
respect,
rapport,
knowledge of partners,
patience,
mission focus,
trust
confidence
Don't be a Jerk
82
Which Chapter of the UN Charter provides for settlement of disputes by a variety of peaceful measures?
CH 6
83
Which Chapter of UN Charter is essentially coercive and designed to deal with threats to peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression
Chapter 7
84
Which chapter of the UN Charter encourages regional arrangements for the peaceful settlement of local disputes before referring them to the security counsel?
CH 8
85
Rationalization
Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied and/or coalition forces through more efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the alliance and/or coalition.
86
Standardization
– A four-level hierarchical process for achieving unity of effort and the closest practical cooperation among alliance or coalition partners.
Compatibility
Interoperability
Interchangeability
Commonality
87
Interoperability –
The ability to operate in synergy in the execution of assigned tasks. Includes technical (material) and nontechnical (doctrine, organization, training, etc.) capabilities.
88
Expeditionary Sustainment Command (ESC) Mission
ESC mission is to command the Sustainment Brigades that provide combat support and combat service support in the areas of supply, maintenance, transportation, field services and the functional brigades or battalions that provide medical, general engineering & construction, smoke generation, biological detection and decontamination support. The command is designed to deploy into a theater of operations, assume command of the logistical units in place and provide oversight and materiel management. The command will report to a Theater Sustainment Command while in theater.
89
What is USTRANSCOM and what is it's mission? What is it made up of?
USTRANSCOM is the single manager of America's global defense transportation systems. It coordinates missions worldwide using both military and commercial transportation resources.
The mission of USTRANSCOM is to provide air, land and sea transportation for the Department of Defense, both in times of peace and times of war.
It is composed of three service component commands: The Air Force's Air Mobility Command (AMC), the Navy's Military Sealift Command (MSC) and the Army's Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC).
90
Mission of USAMEDCOM?
- Provides AHS support for mobilization, deployment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization across a range of military operations.
- Integrates the capabilities of its subordinate operational Army medical units with generating force assets such as medical treatment facilities and research, development, and acquisition capabilities.
91
NGO considerations (7) per Reading C of C301
1. When conducting relief activities, military personnel should wear uniforms or other distinctive clothing to avoid being mis- taken for NGHO representatives. U.S. Armed Forces personnel and units should not display NGHO logos on any military clothing, vehicles, or equipment. This does not preclude the appropriate use of symbols recognized under the law of war, such as a red cross, when appropriate. U.S. Armed Forces may use such symbols on military clothing, vehicles, and equipment in appropriate situations.
2. Visits by U.S. Armed Forces personnel to NGHO sites should be by prior arrangement.
3. U.S. Armed Forces should respect NGHO views on the bearing of arms within NGHO sites.
4. U.S. Armed Forces should give NGHOs the option of meeting with U.S. Armed Forces personnel outside military installations for information exchanges.
5. U.S. Armed Forces should not describe NGHOs as “force multipliers” or “partners” of the military, or in any other fashion that could compromise their independence and their goal to be perceived by the population as independent.
6. U.S. Armed Forces personnel and units should avoid interfering with NGHO relief efforts directed toward segments of the civilian population that the military may regard as unfriendly.
7. U.S. Armed Forces personnel and units should respect the desire of NGHOs not to serve as implementing partners for the military in conducting relief activities. However, individual NGOs may seek to cooperate with the military, in which case such cooperation will be carried out with due regard to avoiding compromise of the security, safety, and independence of the NGHO community at large, NGHO representatives, or public perceptions of their independence.
92
