Exam Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Located alongside with lumbar spine
A
Psoas major muscle
2
Q
Muscle that separates abdomen and thoracic cavity
A
Diaphram
3
Q
Duodenum is?
A
A. Shortest and widest
B. Longest and narrower
C. Shortest and narrower
D. Longest and widest
4
Q
Located behind the stomach, between the duodenum and spleen
A
Pancreas
5
Q
Largest solid organ
A
Liver
6
Q
Doubled layer membrane that covers most abdominal organs and abdominal wall.
A
Peritoneum
7
Q
Which abdominal cavity lines the cavity wall
A
Parietal
8
Q
Which abdominal cavity covers the organ
A
Visceral paritoneal
9
Q
Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum which contains small mount of fluid that allows movement
A
Peritoneal cavity
10
Q
A double fold of peritoneum that attaches small intestine
A
Mesentery
11
Q
Double fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach to other organs
A
Omentum
12
Q
Which omentum connects the stomach to the liver
A
Lesser omentum
13
Q
Omentum that hangs down from the stomach and drapes over the intestine, often containing fat
A
Greater omentum
14
Q
A fold of peritoneum attaching the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
A
Mesocolon
15
Q
The larger portion of the peritoneal cavity________, often called what________
A
Greater sac and peritoneal cavity
16
Q
A smaller section, located posterior to the stomach, also called omentum bursa
A
Lesser sac
17
Q
Liver is
A
Intraperitoneal organ
18
Q
Ureters
A
Retroperitoneal organ
19
Q
Kidneys
A
Retroperitoneal organ
20
Q
Gallbladder
A
Intraperitoneal organ
21
Q
Urinary bladder
A
Infraperitoneal organ
22
Q
Aorta and inferior vena cava
A
Retroperitoneal organ
23
Q
Sigmoid colon
A
Intraperitoneal organ
24
Q
Pancreas
A
Retroperitoneal organ
25
Jejunum
Intraperitoneal organ
26
Stomach
Intraperitoneal organ
27
Cecum
Intraperitoneal organ
28
C-loop of duodenum
B. Retroperitoneal organ
29
Ascending and descending colon
Retroperitoneal organ
30
Ileum
Intraperitoneal organ
31
Transverse colon
Intraperitoneal organ
32
Spleen
Intraperitoneal organ
33
Reproductive organ
Infraperitoneal organ
34
Lower rectum
Infraperitoneal organ
35
Adrenal glands
Retroperitoneal organ
36
Upper rectum
Retroperitoneal organ
37
In males, the peritoneal cavity is?
A. Closed
B. Open
C. Both
D. Nada
38
In females, the peritoneum is
Open
39
Transverse plane is at the level of umbilicus, which vertebrae are approximately located?
L4-L5
40
Which quadrant located liver, gallbladder, duodenum, and some part of pancrease
RUQ
41
Which quadrant located spleen, stomach, left kidney and tongue of pancreas
LUQ
42
Which quadrant located appendix, cecum, right ovary and part of small intestine
RLQ
43
Which quadrant located sigmoid, left ovary and part of small intestine
LLQ
44
Transpyloric plane is at the level of which vertebrae?
L1
45
Transtubercular plane is at the level of which lumbar
L5
46
Which position to use when there is a bowel obstruction, neoplasm, calcification, ascites and scout image for contrast study
AP PROJECTION OR KUB
47
This position will be evaluate by no rotation of iliac wings, obturator foramina and ischial spines appear symmetric
AP projection of abdomen or KUB
48
This outline the liver, spleen, kidneys, psoas muscle and air-filled stomach
AP projection of the abdomen or KUB
49
Which position is used to see the intraperitoneal air under diaphragm
AP projection of the abdomen: Erect
50
This position demonstrates the intraperitoneal crescent-shaped air bubble if present seen under right hemidiaphragm
AP PROJECTION OF ABDOMEN : ERECT
51
This position is used for possible umbilical hernia and possible aneurysms of aorta
Lateral projection of the abdomen
52
This projection demonstrates the air-filled loops of bowel in abdomen with soft tissue detail should be visible in prevertebral and anterior abdomen regions
Lateral projection of the abdomen
53
This position is evident by superimposition of posterior ribs and posterior border of iliac wings and bilateral ASIS
Lateral projection of the abdomen
54
This projection is used to see the air-fluid levels
Dorsal decubitus position (R/L lateral position)
55
Which sex where the shape of pelvic inlet is narrower, deeper, less flared
Male
56
Which sex where the pelvic inlet is wider, more flared and shallow
Female
57
Which sex where the pelvic inlet is rounder
Female
58
Which sex where the pelvic inlet is more oval or heart shaped
Male
59
What is the estimated angle of the pubic arch of male
Less angle 50-60
60
What is the angle of pubic arch for female?
80-85
61
Which sex where the ischial spine is less protruding?
Female
62
Which sex where the ischial spine is more protruding?
Male
63
Femoral head is ____ inches distal to the midpoint and also the _____ inches for femoral neck
1.5 and 2.5
64
Femoral neck is ______ inches distal to the ASIS
3-4 inches
65
In the effect of lower limb rotation, how do you position where femoral necks are partially foreshortened and lesser trochanters partially visible
Anatomic position
66
How much rotation needed to be visualized the pelvis and hips but lesser trochanters is not visible
15-20 degrees medial rotation
67
Which lower limb rotation where lesser trochanters are visible in profile
External rotation
68
In AP projection of the pelvis, legs and feet should be internally rotated by ____ degrees
15-20
69
In AP projection of the pelvis the lesser trochanters should be?
Not visible
70
What is the CR of AP projection?
Midway between ASIS and pubis symphysis
71
Which projection best demonstrate gull-wing sign?
Dorsal decubitus lateral projection
72
In gull-wing sign, it demonstrates which fractured anatomy
Acetabular rim and posterior dislocation of the femoral head
73
This projection is for measuring horizontal or bi-ischial diameter in pelvimetry
Pelvis axial chassard-lapine method
74
This projection determines the relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum.
Pelvis axial chassard lapine method
75
This projection and position demonstrate the opacified rectosigmoid portion of the colon
Pelvis axial chassard lapine method
76
This method shows the axial projection of pelvis and the relationship between femoral heads and acetebula, pelvic bones and opacified bone structure.
Chassard lapine method
77
What respiration when using chassard lapine method
Suspend respiration
78
In chassard method how many degrees of vertical axis of the pelvis will be tilted forward?
45 degrees
79
In the chassard lapine method, if flexion of the body is restricted, what is the alternative CR?
Direct CR anteriorly, perpendicular to the coronal plane of pubic symphysis
80
In the frog leg position, cleaves indicate that the angle of abduction may vary between how many degrees?
Between 25 and 45 degrees
81
Which projection can be used to visualize the femoral heads and necks, acetabulum, and trochanteric areas in one radiograph
AP Oblique Projection of the femoral necks (mod. Cleaves method)
82
In original cleaves method, the femoral neck should be approximately angled ?
15 to 20 superior to the femoral bodies
83
This approach is for congenital hip dislocations and forcibly abducted to at least 45 degrees
Andren von rosen approach
84
When andren von rosen is used, what rotation will be applicable when both legs are abducted 45 degrees
Inward rotation
85
He/they describe the the construction of a device that controlled the degree of abduction and rotation of both limbs
Knukes and kuhns
86
In AP projection of the hip, how many degrees is used to rotate affected leg internally
15-20
87
In this projection, greater trochanters and femoral heads and neck is in full profile without foreshortening
AP projection of the hip
88
In mediolateral projection of the hip, which method will be used when CR is midway between pubic symphysis and ASIS
Lauenstein method
89
The Hickey method will use how many degrees of CR?
20-25 degrees in cephalic angle
90
In mediolateral projection of the hip, which method is used when radiograph shows that hip joint, acetabulum and femoral head and neck is overlapped by greater trochanter
Lauenstein method
91
In mediolateral projection of the hip, which method is used when the femoral neck is free of superimposition
Hickey method
92
This projection is used to examine femoral anterversion, an oblique lateral radiograph of the femur
Mediolateral hip (DUNN view)
93
When the dunn view is used in the pediatric patient, how many degrees of flexion are used instead of 90 degrees
70 degrees
94
In the dunn view how many degrees of flexion and abduction is used for pediateric patient?
70 flexion and 50 abduction
95
In dunn view, how many degrees of flexion and abduction is used for adult patients?
Flexed at 90 and abducted at 20 degrees
96
This projection is often called cross-table or surgical lateral projection?
Axiolateral projection of the hip (danelius-miller , method)
97
When the patient cannot move or rotate the affected leg for the frog leg lateral position, what is the alternative position??
Danelius-miller method
98
How much does the leg to be inverted when using danelius-miller method?
15 to 20 degrees
99
If danelius miller method cannot be used, what is the alternative position?
Mod. Clements nakayama
100
When the patient has bilateral hip fractures and bilateral hip arthroplasty which method is used?
Clements nakayama
101
when using IR in this projection it is tilted about 15 degrees posterior angles from the vertical
Clements nakayama
102
Clements and nakayama described the modification using how many degrees of posterior angulation of the CR
15-20 degrees
103
It is a unique cassette used in leonard-george method?
Special curved cassette
104
It is the reverse danelius miller method
Leonard-george method
105
In leonard-george method, rotate the foot in how many degrees internally?
15-20 degrees
106
In friedman method, the patient is positioned in?
Lateral recumbent position
107
In the friedman method, the femoral neck is angled at?
35 degrees cephalad
108
Kisch recommends that the central ray should be angled in__________ for friedman method
15 or 20 degrees
109
This method is used to demonstrate the posterior dislocations of the femoral head in cases other than acute fracture dislocation
Hsieh method
110
In Hsieh method, the patient is positioned in?
Semi-prone position or RAO/LAO
111
In hsieh method, the uneffected leg should be elevated in?
40-45 degrees
112
In urist method, what position is recommended for demonstration of the posterior rim of the acetabulum in acute fractures dislocations injuries of the hip
RPO/LPO
113
In urist method, which anatomy is seen in profile when the injured hip is elevated in 60 degrees
Posterior rim of the acetabulum
114
In PA projection of the HIP (Lilienfeld method), which anatomy is demonstrated
Ilium, acetabulum and proximal femur
115
In lilienfeld method of the hip, the patient is rolled forward how many degrees to separate the two side of the pelvis?
15 degrees
116
This method is used for the patient with acute hip injury and the patient is placed in the unaffected side and adjusted to the center the uppermost hip to the midline of radiographic table
Colonna method
117
In colonna method, the patient is positioned in?
RAO/LAO
118
Colonna recommended that the uppermost side the affected side be rotated about?
17 degrees anteriorly
119
This method is used to separate the shadows of the hip joints and gives the optimum projection of the slope of the acetabular roof and the depth of the socket.
Colonna method
120
In teufel method, the patient is positioned in?
RAO/LAO
121
In teufel method, the anterior surface of the body forms how many degrees from the table
38 degrees
122
In teufel method, the CR is directed through the acetabulum at an angle of?
12 degrees cephalad
123
In teufel method, the resulting image shows which anatomy?
Fovea capitis and superoposterior wall of the acetebulum
124
In the teufel method, the proper degree of obliquity is evidenced by visualization of which anatomy?
Concave of fovea capitis with the femoral head in profile
125
In the teufel method, if rotated correctly the obturator foramen should be?
Open
126
What position will be used in judet method?
RPO/LPO
127
In judet method, when centered to the down side acetabulum what anatomy is demonstrated?
Anterior rim of acetabulum, ilioischial column, iliac wing
128
In judet method, when centered to the upside acetabulum which anatomy is demonstrated?
Posterior rim of acetabulum and iliopubic column, obturator foramen
129
In judet method, the degree of obliquity is evidenced by?
Open and uniform hip joint space at the rim of acetabulum and femoral head.
130
In judet, if rotated correctly for upside oblique the obturator foramen should be?
Open
131
In judet, if rotated correctly for downside oblique the obturator foramen should be?
Closed
132
In judet method, what kind of obliquity is used for the suspected fracture of iliopubic column and the posterior rim of the acetabulum?
Internal oblique
133
In judet method, what obliquity is used for suspected fracture of the ilioischial column and the anterior rim of the acetabulum
External rotation
134
In taylor method, what degree is used for the female upper border of the symphysis?
30-45
135
In taylor method, what degree is used for the male upper border of the symphysis?
20-35
136
In taylor method, which anatomy is demonstrated?
Pubic and ischial rami
137
In bridgeman method, the patient is positioned in?
Supine
138
What is the cr angulation of bridgeman method to the asis?
40 caudad
139
This method demonstrates the entire pelvic ring and inlet?
Bridgeman method
140
This method is used for assessment of pelvic trauma for posterior displacemnt or inward and outward rotation of the anterior pelvis
Bridgeman method
141
In pelvic inlet view lilienfeld method, the inlet can be also demonstrated with patient supine and with what CR angle?
40 caudad
142
In pelvic inlet view lilienfeld method, the patient will lean backward in what degree?
45-50
143
What is the CR of pelvic inlet view PA axial staunig method?
35 degrees cephalad
144
What method that produces image same as lilienfeld method?
Staunig method
145
It is almond shaped glands located near the lateral walls of the pelvis
Ovaries
146
In ovary, mature follicles are called what?
Graafian folicle
147
It is a fully developed ovarian follicle containing ovum
Graafian follicle
148
Uterine tubes also known as?
Fallopian tube
149
These tubes transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Fallopian tube
150
Uterus is consist of 4 parts, what are those?
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and interstitial part
151
Which part of fallopian tube fertilization occurs?
Ampulla
152
This is a female organ which is a muscular canal that connects the cervix to the outside of the body
Vagina
153
It is a pear shaped muscular organ that supports fetal development.
Uterus
154
Uterus and vagina is consist of?
Fundus, body, isthmus and cervix
155
What are the protective membranes that are formed by the embryo?
Chorion and amnion
156
Placental attachment usually occurs which part of the reproductive system of the female?
Fundus of the uterus
157
What do you call where placenta attaches inside the uterus near or over the cervical opening
Placenta previa
158
What type of pelvis is favorable for vaginal delivery?
Gynecoid
159
What is the inlet shape of gynecoid?
Rounded
160
This pelvic type often leads to c-section delivery
Android
161
What is the pelvic type of heart shaped inlet
Android
162
This inlet is shaped in a flat where the c-section may needed
Platypelloid
163
This is performed to locate the placenta in cases of suspected placenta previa, hemorrhage, high head and recurrent malpresentation
Fetography
164
This is used to demonstrate the architecture of the maternal pelvis and to compare the size of the fetal head with the size of the maternal pelvic outlet
Radiographic pelvimetry and cephalometry
165
This is used to detect suspected abnormalities of development pregnancy
Fetography
166
This is used to confirm suspected fetal death
Fetography
167
This is determined by the presentation and position of the fetus and to determine whether the pregnancy is single or multiple
Fetography
168
True or False. The patient should not empty the bladder before examination
False
169
What is the respiration in fetography
Inhale deeply several times and suspend respiration during the inspiration phase
170
The external conjugate diameter extends from the space between the spinous process of?
L4-L5
171
The posterior landmark interspinious can be palpated at the superior angle of the?
Michaelis rhomboid
172
APL is employed in this method of pelvimetry
Colcher-sussman pelvimeter
173
What is the repiration in pelvimetry colcher sussman?
Suspend at the end of expiration
174
How many inches superior to the pubis symphysis for CR in colcher sussman
1.5 inches or 3.8cm
175
Whis method in pelvimetry will require 2 exposures in one film
Thoms method
