Exam Multiple Choice Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Ions that carry a negative charge are known as …
A
anions
2
Q
Homeostasis is
1. Self regulation process
2. Generally negative feedback
3. Keeps internal environment balanced with parameters
4. All of above
A
All of above
3
Q
Humans are what cellular structure?
A
Multicellular
4
Q
What is the most basic level of structural complexity in the human body?
A
Atoms
5
Q
Examples of positive feedback (2)
A
Lactation and labour
6
Q
pH measures what in the body?
A
Acidity and alkaline levels in body fluids
7
Q
What are the 3 most plentiful elements in human body
A
Oxygen, hydrogen and carbon
8
Q
Which is not normally found in the body?
1. Oxygen
2. Iron
3. Calcium
4. Silver
A
Silver
9
Q
Enzymes are a type of:
1. Carbohydrate
2. Fat
3. Nucleotide
4. Protein
A
Protein
10
Q
Beta cells in pancreas produce:
A
Insulin
11
Q
Hormones usually travel by:
A
In blood
12
Q
Which system is primarily involved with the secretion of hormones:
A
Endocrine
13
Q
The adrenalin glands are found on what organ?
A
Kidneys
14
Q
The pineal gland produces:
1. Thyroxin
2. Oxytocin
3. Adrenalin
4. Melatonin
A
Melatonin
15
Q
The main function of antidiuretic hormone is:
A
Reduce urine output
16
Q
The posterior pituitary gland produces which hormones?
A
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
17
Q
Which hormones effect metabolism?
1. Growth hormone and oxytocin
2. Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine
3. Foliate and erythopoietin
4. Estrogen and Progesterone
A
Thyroxine and Tri-iodothyronine
18
Q
Growth hormones are produced in the:
A
Anterior pituitary gland
19
Q
Glycogen has what effect on blood sugar?
A
Raise
20
Q
Which hormone is instrumental in child birth?
A
Oxytocin
21
Q
What thin elastic cartilginous structure prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing?
A
Epiglottis
22
Q
Breathing is controlled by centres in …..
A
Medulla and pons
23
Q
Does the respiratory system aid in haemostasis?
A
No
24
Q
What pleura is attached to the lung?
A
Visceral
25
What type of respiration takes place between the alveoli?
External respiration
26
What is the most abundant gas found in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
27
pH plays an important role in the stimulus for breathing. What gas plays the biggest role in pH?
Carbon dioxide
28
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2
29
The law that outlines how the pressure of a gas is proportional to its volume is:
Boyle's Law
30
Oxygen binds to what in the red blood cells?
Haemoglobin
31
The muscles between the ribs that aid breathing are called?
Intercostal muscles
32
External respiration refers to ...
The diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the circulatory system.
33
The structures that gas exchange happens with in the lungs are called?
Alveoli
34
Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in?
Arch of the aorta and carotid arteries
35
The trachea is lined with cells that have small hairline projections called?
Cilia cells
36
The amount of air passing into and out of the lungs during each cycle of normal breathing is called the:
Tidal volume
37
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath is called?
Tidal volume
38
The normal resting respiratory rate in a healthy adult is:
12-18 breaths per minute
39
The normal resting respiratory rate in a healthy adult is:
12-18 breaths per minute
40
The air is made of how much oxygen?
21%
41
Oxygen is transported by:
Red blood cells
42
The voice box is anatomically referred to as:
Larynx
43
The trachea contains rings made of:
Cartilage
44
Compliance in physiological terms (lungs):
the ability of the lungs to stretch
45
What part of the brain stem controls breathing?
Medulla
46
What does surfactant on the alveoli do?
Reduce surface tension
47
What is the name of the receptors that monitor pH, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood?
Chemoreceptors
48
Where do the intercostal muscles occupy?
Spaces between the ribs
49
What tube takes air to the primary bronchi?
Trachea
50
How is carbon dioxide mainly transported to the lungs for expiration?
Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
51
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood stream is as:
Bicarbonate ions
52
Which (ONE) function does the ANS regulate?
It helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure
53
What is the fluid in the the veritricals of the brain called?
Cerebralspinal fluid
54
Which layer of the meninges is closest to the cranial bone?
Dura mater
55
Which part of the brain is responsible for thinking, reasoning and intelligence?
Cerebrum
56
The structure at the end of the axon which releases neurotransmitters called?
Axon terminal
57
What are the gaps between myelin referred to as?
Nodes of Ravier
58
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
59
The junction between 2 or more neurons is called the .....
Synaptic clef
60
The sympathetic division of the ANS prepares the body to deal with emergency and stressful situations, TRUE or FALSE?
True
61
Adrenalin and noradrenaline are released in response to stimulation from which nervous system?
Sympthetic nervous system
62
The nerves that carry impulse towards the CNS are ...
Afferent nerves
63
What does the somatic system control?
Voluntary movements
64
The part of the brain associated with vision is called .....
Occipital lobe
65
The electrical signal is transmitted through the neuron via what process?
Action potencial
66
Damage caused to the kidneys due to dehydration is called ....
Pre-renal
67
Approximately, what percentage of cardio output do the kidneys receive?
20%
68
What is the term for blood in the urine?
Haematuria
69
Diffusion can be described as ...
The movement of ions from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
70
What are the 3 steps in urine formation?
Filtration to reabsorption to secretion
71
What is the first step in urine formation?
Filtration
72
What is the second step in urine formation?
Reabsorption
73
What is the third step in urine formation?
Secreation
74
When do the kidneys produce renin?
When blood pressure is low
75
What are the 3 properties of erythroprotein?
1. Stimulate the bone marrow to make RBC
2. Syntheised by the kidneys
3. Is released in response to hypoxaemia
76
What effect does glucogon have on the blood sugar?
Increases it
77
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
78
Between which layers does the CSF lay?
The pia mater and anachnoid
79
Where is CSF found between?
Arachnoid and pia mater
80
Astrocytes are what type of cell?
Glial cells
81
Which part of the brain is closely associated with the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
82
Which layer of the meninges is closest to the cranial bone?
Dura mater
83
Which of the following is part of the brain stem?
1. Mid brain
2. Temperal lobe
Mid brain
84
The somatic (voluntary) moter neurons transmit to which muscles?
Skeletal
85
What 2 systems are the nervous system split into?
CNS and peripheral
86
Adrenalin and noradrenaline are related in response to stimulation from which system?
sympathetic
87
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the production of which hormones?
Adrenalin and noradrenaline
88
Does the sympathetic prepare body to deal with emergency or stress situations?
Yes
89
What fluid is found in the ventricles of the brain?
Cerebralspinal fluid
90
The rest-digest response is associated with which system?
Parasympathetic
91
What is the structure at the end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters?
Axon terminal
92
What does the somatic system control?
Voluntary movements
93
What is the long central body of the neuron called?
Axon
94
What are the group of cells that support neurons?
Neuroglia
95
Which plane splits anterior from posterior?
Coronal
96
Which plane splits inferior from superior?
Transverse
97
Which plane splits left from right?
Sagittal
98
What is Cytology the study of?
Cells
99
What body plane passes vertically from the front to the back?
Sagittal
100
A neuron is an example of what type of tissue?
Nervous tissue
101
"Above (with reference to a body part) is best described as what term?
Superior
102
What type of tissue is blood?
Conective
103
What type of specialised tissue is able to contract and relax?
Muscle
104
"To the side" is anatomically best described as what?
Literal
105
What type of tissue could be described as smooth?
Muscle tissue
106
How many types of tissue are there?
4
107
What part of the cell contain genes?
Nucleus
108
Which system could be described as "an organ system"?
Lymphatic
109
Where is ATP produced?
Mitochondria
110
What tissue covers the internal and external organs, lines vessels, body cavities, and glands?
Epithelium tissue
111
"Towards the front" describes what anatomical position?
Anterior
112
What is the last part of the small intestine before it meets the colon?
ileum
113
Which cells produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Parietal cells
114
Is tripsinogen a constituent of gastric juices?
No
115
Where can: intrinsic factor; mucus; and hydrochloric acid be found?
As part of gastric juices
116
Where is bile produced?
The liver
117
Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis?
Muscularis
118
What does chymotrypsin breakdown?
Protein
119
What type of vitamins are A, D, E and K?
Fat soluble
120
What is excreted from the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
121
What is low urine output called?
Oliguria
122
What is the kidney encased in?
Renal capsule
123
What is the term for increased urine output?
Polyurea
