Exam One

Question 1

Who was the only women strapped into PA’s electric chair?

Answer 1

Irene “The Animal” Schroeder

Question 2

Who thought that women were more ferocious, revengeful, jealous and inclined toward cruelty? They also stated that women were big children and monsters.

Answer 2

Cesare Lombroso

Question 3

Who adhered to the medical model of criminology and was the first female superintendent of a prison?

Answer 3

Katherine B. Davis

Question 4

Who established the Lab of Social Hygiene?

Answer 4

Katherine B Davis and John D. Rockefeller

Question 5

In 1854, which state granted property rights to women?

Answer 5

Massachusetts

Question 6

Which states were the first to ratify enfranchisement for women?

Answer 6

Western territories

Question 7

In 1893, men in which state made their state only the second one in which women had full voting rights?

Answer 7

Colorado

Question 8

True or False: In eastern states, women’s rights issues became entangled with support for prohibition.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: After World War II, the status of women declined

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What law offered law enforcement officials powerful tools including the threat of jail time and fines to combat street crime? This law was also known as “gang mom” and held parents responsible for the criminal activity of their children.

Answer 10

STEP ACT

Question 11

What laws held a parent responsible for any accidents that might occur following liquor accessed in their home by underage drinkers for either civil liabilities or criminal penalties?

Answer 11

social hosting laws

Question 12

What laws charged women who receive money or goods from their gang-member children?

Answer 12

gang abatement laws

Question 13

How many parents were jailed between 2000 and 2014 because of their inability to pay fines for truancy laws?

Answer 13

1,600

Question 14

True or False: studies find that female defendants are treated more leniently than male defendants

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the gender gap?

Answer 15

Women have lower rates of offending with less serious offenses that are less financially productive. Arrest, prosecution and incarceration rates of females are also lower than males

Question 16

Which theory states that no behavior is inherently deviant or illegal, it is our interpretation and reactions that bestow those traits on actions and activities?

Answer 16

Labeling theory

Question 17

What is primary deviance?

Answer 17

rule breaking behavior

Question 18

What is secondary deviance?

Answer 18

if the individual views himself as inferior because of labeling, it can lead to further and more serious delinquent behavior

Question 19

What theory argues that conflict arises between power and the way it is used in society, emerges between groups who are competing to control particular situations or events?

Answer 19

Conflict theory

Question 20

Which theory argues that people are self interested and have strong motivation towards self-gratification, when these bonds are weakened it permits a greater degree of deviance to occur?

Answer 20

Social control theory

Question 21

Which theorist came up with the four distinct components to social control theory?

Answer 21

Travis Hirschi

Question 22

Which theory states that people learn through a standardized system of rewards and reinforcement and that certain behaviors are acceptable?

Answer 22

Social learning theory

Question 23

Which theory argues that children from an early age are disciplined and parented in ways that mold the parameters for self-control?

Answer 23

low self control theory

Question 24

True or false: girls have higher levels of self control than boys

Answer 24

true

Question 25

What does androcentric mean?

Answer 25

male centered

Question 26

which theorists felt that males do not understand the importance of gender and sex roles in society. they also argue that traditional theories were male centered?

Answer 26

feminist theories and perspectives

Question 27

Who argues that as a result of the liberation movement, the roles and behavior of women will become more masculine, more assertive and more crime prone? expected that female offending will increase

Answer 27

Freda Alder

Question 28

Which theorist argues that rates of female offending would change but not as a result of any factors related to the nature of women's demeanor or behavior. They argued that as a women gain greater access to higher level occupations and made inroads to jobs and positions that would open up opportunities for deviance, their rates of these types of offenses and arrest would increase

Answer 28

Rita Simon

Question 29

What term refers to the substandard living arrangements resulting from minimum and even lower wage jobs?

Answer 29

pink collar ghetto

Question 30

Which term refers to the nonviolent and petty property offenses that provide some level of maintenance for a family and seems to inevitable consequence of their lack of options

Answer 30

Pink collar crime

Question 31

What term is the broadest of the concepts and is identified with the continued use of sex role stereotypes that have little to do with the realities of modern work and family relations

Answer 31

sexism

Question 32

what is used to describe the patriarchal power relations and is contingent upon the female being viewed as weaker, childlike, and in need of the protective benevolence of a father like figure?

Answer 32

paternalism

Question 33

which term refers to the male functioning as the knight and the female has to be taken care of

Answer 33

chivalry

Question 34

What is the evil women hypothesis?

Answer 34

Criminal women will be handed more punitive sentences because of the court's drive to enforce sexual standards of behavior

Question 35

_____ feminism believes that historical traditions of gender oppression are so ingrained in the fabric of societies that masculine control can only be overcome with the redefining of roles, the restructuring of social relationships, and the aggressive enforcement of laws giving women control over their own bodies.

Answer 35

radical

Question 36

______ feminism is gender is another form of the division of labor that allows women to be relegated into low-paying jobs that serve the interests of industries.

Answer 36

marxist

Question 37

_____ feminism is an attempt to integrate gender with economic class to better view patterns of crime and perceptions of crime seriousness

Answer 37

socialist

Question 38

Which theory states that parenting styles have been influenced by the way adults react to their position in the workforce. argues that more traditional family structure is patriarchal.

Answer 38

Power control theory

Question 39

What are intrinsic (personal) changes?

Answer 39

nature of women is predisposing toward more crime than ever before (their psychosocial drives and sentiments)

Question 40

Which theory argues that behavior is predictable set of responses geared to maximize one's own belief and self interest and to avoid punishment or pain

Answer 40

Rational theories

Question 41

Which theory is grounded in the notion that a decision process, regardless of how good or bad, is the impetus in any criminal action

Answer 41

rational choice theory

Question 42

which theory states that personal characteristics or demographics influence one's risk of becoming a victim

Answer 42

lifestyle theory