Exam One Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
Clostridium perfringens diagnosis
A
Gram pos rods, obligate anaerobe, beta hemolytic, detect toxins in food
1
Q
Neisseria gonorrhoae diag
A
Gram neg diplococci, gram stain of urethral discharge on Thayer-Martin media in men, PCR and nucleic acid amplification in men and women, grows on chocolate agar
1
Q
ASO test
A
Detects strep O confirming a recent GAS infection
2
Q
Rickettsi r. diagnosis
A
Gram neg, obligate intracellular
2
Q
Entamoeba histolytica diagnosis
A
Trophozoites in stool
3
Q
T. gondi treatment
A
Sulfa drugs for CNA infections
4
Q
Shigella diagnosis
A
Gram neg rods, oxidase neg, non motile, non lactose fermenter, stool culture
4
Q
EIEC disease
A
Mucoid diarrhea (1-3 days)
5
Q
GAS disease
A
Pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, necrotizing faciitis, TSS, sequelae of rheumatic fever, (glomerulonephritis, RBC’s and protein in urine)
5
Q
H. flu treatment
A
Ampicillin, cephalosporins, type b vaccine
5
Q
Mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment
A
Azithromycin (any macrolide), doxycycline
5
Q
Entamoeba histolytica treatment
A
Metronidazole
6
Q
Vibrio diagnosis
A
Gram neg rods, LPS antigen serotypes, cholera toxin in cholerae, seafood in others
8
Q
Strep pneumonia diagnosis
A
Catalse negative, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive
8
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathology
A
ExoA toxin, biofilms, CF patients, burn victims
8
Q
Enterococcus f. pathology
A
biofilms
8
Q
Bactrim
A
Folic acid synthesis and utilization inhibitor
9
Q
Yersinia pestis disease
A
buboes, fever, chills
10
Q
Rickettsia r. disease
A
spotted rash from per. to trunk
10
Q
Taeniae solium
A
Tapeworm, undercooked pork, cysts and inflammation in brain, eyes, muscle, weight loss, praziquantel
11
Q
GAS treatment
A
Penicillin V
11
Q
Cryptosporidium disease and treatement
A
mild diarrhea, no treatment
11
Q
Use for extended spec pennicilins
A
Increased gram neg, UTI’s otitis media, comm. pneumonia, H. Flu, Listeria, Lyme disease
12
Q
T. gondi strucutre
A
Coccidian (non motile), intracellular, rising antibody titers
12
Chloramphenicol use and side effect
Aplastic anemia (protein synth inhibitor), RMSF if you can't use tetracycline
13
Treponema pallidum is:
Syphillis
13
Extended spec pennicilins
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Pipericillin
13
Suflonamides and use
Folic acid inhibitors, no anaerobes, good for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, shigella, salmonella, e. coli
14
Staph epidermis disease
Catheter/joint infections, endocarditis
14
Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathology
granulomatous inflammation and giant cells, infects macrophages and prevents fusion of vesicles to lysosomes
14
T. gondi disease
Fevers, mimics mono, encephalitis in aids patients
14
Schistosoma mansoni (everything)
Fluke, snails and mollusks, intravascular parasite, swimmers itch, hepatosplenomegaly, praziquantel, portal vein blockage due to egg reaction
15
Legionella pneumophilia diseases
Legionnaires, Pontiac lever (self limited flu like illness)
16
NonTB mycobacteria disease
Pulmonary disease, weight loss (avium), cutaneous infections (marinum)
17
EAEC pathology
Biofilm and enterotoxins
17
H pylori treatement
multiple antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor
17
Enterococcus f. diagnosis
Gram pos cocci in long chains, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin positive
17
G. lamblia treatment
metronidazole
18
Borellia burgdorferi is:
Lyme
18
Giardia lamblia pathology
Beavers, attaches to intestine
18
Penicillin drug of choice?
Strep, Syphillis, Pneumococci
20
C. trachomatis disease
same as gonnorhea, wihout pharyngitis or DGI, but plus neonatal syndrome
21
Y. pestis treatment
streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
22
C. trachomatis pathology
EB enters cells, RB replicates, no immunity
23
Bordetella pertussis treatement
Erythromycin, any macrolide, DTaP vaccine, prophylaxis for contacts
24
Vancomycin
D-ala-D-ala interference, no gram neg coverage, red man syndrome
26
E coli strucutre
Gram neg rods, oxidase neg, lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar
27
Doxycyclin
Use against odd ones, such as Lyme
28
Legionella pneumophilia treatment
Azithromycin (any macrolide) or levofloxacin (any fluoroquinolone)
30
1st gen cephalosporin use
UTI's, resp infections, surgical proph.
31
GAS pathology
Exotoxins, C5a peptidase, M protein, hyaluronidase
31
H pylori patholgoy
VacA erodes epithelium
32
Plasmodium sp. treatment
Fluoroquinolones, doxycycline
33
Legionella Pneumophilia diagnosis
Gram neg coccobacilli, test for urine antigen
33
H pylori disease
Gastric adenocarcinoma
33
Macrolides names and effect
Azithromycin (Z-pak), Clarithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, bacteriostatic (protein trans)
34
B. cereus treatment
rehydration
34
T. pallidum treatment
Penicillin G, doxycyline in allergic
36
Clostridium perfringens treatment
Rehydration
37
Neisseria gonorrhea treatment
Single dose cefriaxone, azithro for chlamydia
38
PSeudomonas aeruginosa treatement
Test for sensitivity
39
GBS diagnosis
catalase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
39
Borellia burgdorferi treatment
Doxycycline
41
B fragilis disease
abcesses
42
Plasmodium sp. pathology
Mosquitos, falciparum is 95% of deaths, life cycle step 1: sporozoites enter the liver, step 2: merozots invade RBC's (Ovale and Vivax have dormant stages), erythrocytic phase - infected RBC's become deformed, anemia and jaudice
44
EAEC disease
Watery diarrhea
45
Mycobacterium leprae treatment
Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
45
Rickettsi r. pathology
Vasc endothelial cells, cell cell spread using actin, lekage of RBC
46
Plasmodium sp. disease
High fever, chills, rigor, anemia, spiking periodic fevers
48
G. lamblia disease
Steatorrhea, foul smelling
50
Borellia burgdorferi pathology
Tick blood meal, OspC, Salp15 evasion, tick, mouse, lizards
51
Pseudomonas aeruginosa diseases
Pulmonary infections, hot tub folliculitis, otitis externa, corneal infection
52
B fragilis treatement
metronidazole, oral vanco
53
Step pneumonia pathology
CbpA for capsule mediated inhibition of clearance, often after viral infection
55
Entamoeba histolytica disease
cysts infectious, flask shaped ulcers, colon lesions, bloody stool
56
GBS diseasse
Maternal fetal, GI and urogenital, UTI, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia
57
Tetracyclin side effects
discolored teeth, GI upset, phototoxic dermatitis, dont use in pregnant or children
57
Giant cells
Think granulomatous inflammation or foreign body rxn
58
Neisseria meningitidis disease
Meningococcemia (sepsis, petechiae, purpurae), Meningitis
58
Ascaris lumbricoides (everything)
Giant roundworm, mebendazole
59
Aminoglycosides and effect
Streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin, spectinomycin, bactericidal (exceptions to the bacteriostatic non-cell wall antibiotics rule)
60
Salmonella treatment
Rehydration
61
Enterococcus treatment
ampicillin, cephalosporins
62
Plasmodium species?
Falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae
63
Penicillinase-resistant uses
Strep
64
T. pallidum disease
Chancre, macular papular rash, tertiary disease (gummas, CTAA, meningovascular neuro, tabes dorsales)
65
Mycoplasma pneumoniae diagnosis
No cell wall, serology test
66
TTSS
Effector molecules, fromote uptake of bacteria
67
E coli treatment
Rehydration
69
H pylori diagnosis
Gram neg rod, urease breath, host antibodies
71
2nd gen ceph. use
Otitis media, H flu, resp infection, UTI's
73
B. Cereus diagnosis
Gram pos rods, catalase pos, beta hemolytic, motile, detect toxins in food
74
B. cereus disease
Quick or medium vomiting and diarrhea
75
Rickettsia rickettsi treatement
tetracycline, chloramphenicol for preg women and children, fluoroquinolones
75
Rifampin effect and side effect
Orange urine, nucleic acid inhibitor
76
Quinolones and effect
Levofloxcin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, targets DNA gyrase
77
Tetracycline use
Lyme, mycoplasms, chlamydia, acne
79
Gram pos rods
C diff, B. cereus
80
NonTB mycobacteria treatment
Multidrug, prophylaxis for HIV patients
81
T. gondi pathology
Undercooked meat, litterbox, transplacentally passed, 50% of population
83
Cefazoline
1st gen cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis
84
Tetracycline and effect
Doxycycline, bacteriostatic
86
Gram negative cocci
Neisseriae
87
Neisseria gonorrheae pathology
Pilli and Opa protein attachment, LPS, Por protein
89
Clostridium perfringens disease
Gas gangrene, medium diarrhea and vomiting
90
EPEC disease
Severe diarrhea and vomiting
91
Neisseria gonorrheae disease
Men: Urethritis, epididymitis, Women: Cervicitis, PID, Dysuria-pyuria, Fitzhugh-Curtis, Both: Conjunctivitis, DGI, Reiter's
93
Yersinia pestis diag
Gram neg, safety pin, fluorescent antibody test
93
Gram pos cocci
Strep, staph, enterococcus
94
EIEC pathology
Actin movement, chronic diarrhea
95
Protein A
Prevents opsonization by binding antibody to the bacterial surface in wrong orientation
96
C diff disease
watery diarrhea, toxic megacolon, psuedomembranes
97
Treponema pallidum diagnosis
Spirochete, motile, darkfield microscopy, screening and confirmatory, assay for anti cardiolipin antibodies, immunity lost after treatment
99
Borellia burgorderi diagnosis
Spirochete, flagella, ELISA test, Western blot, PCR
100
Pseudomonas aeruginosa structure
Gram neg rod, aerobe, capsule
102
Campylobacter dissease
blood diarrhea (long), Guillain Barre
103
B cereus pathology
ingestion of cereulide toxin or organisms
104
GBS treatment
Penicillin G
104
Campylobacter jejuni diagnosis
Gram neg rods (s shaped), oxidase pos, catalase pos, stool culture
106
H. flu structure and diagnosis
Gram neg coccobacilli, blood agar and NAD plate
107
Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment
Isonazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinmide, latent infection treated with 9 months isoniazid or 6 months rifampin, BCG vaccine in other countries
108
Bordetella pertussis diagnosis
Fluorescent antibody test
108
Salmonella diagnosis
Gram neg rods, oxidase neg, non lactose fermenter
109
V. vulnificus disease
Wound infection in seawater
110
H flu disease
Otitis media, pneumonia (non-capsule), meningitis (capsule)
111
Neisseria menigitidis treatment
Penicillin, 3rd gen cephalosporin, vaccine for children, prophylaxis for close contact
112
Campylobacter treatment
Rehydration
113
What do cephalosporins not cover
Enterococci, among others
115
O antigen
Chains of linked sugars that resist membrane attack complex
117
EHEC pathology
Shiga toxin
119
Enterobius vermicularis (everything)
Pinworm, anal region, itching, albendazole or mebendazole for whole family
121
EHEC disease
Blood diarrhea and HUS, 6-18 hrs
122
Macrolide uses
Pneumonia, atypicals (legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia), used if allergic to penicillin
124
C diff pathology
TcdA and TcdB, disrupt tight junctions
126
Neisseria meningitidis structure
gram neg diplococci
127
Salmonella patholgoy
crosses M cells, epithelial cells, typhoidal and non-typhoidal strains, pets
128
Bactrim use
Uncomplicated UTI's, good for gram negs
130
Mycoplasma pneumonia pathology
Destroys cilia
131
Strep pneumoniae treatment
Amoxicillin/clavulate, azithro, vanco, vaccine for children and elderly
133
Nontuberculous mycobacteria diag/path
Acid fast, hot tubs or milk (avium), fish tanks (marinium)
133
Aminoglycoside use
once a day dosing of CF patients, serious gram negative infections
134
EPS
biofilm formation
135
H flu pathology
type b capsule (some strains)
135
Trichomonas vaginalis disease
scant discharge in women, asymptomatic men
137
C diff diagnosis
Gram pos rods, anaerobe, toxin in stool
138
3rd gen ceph. use
Hospital acquired infections, CNS, gonococcal
139
GAS diagnosis
Catalse negative, beta hemolytic, bacitrcin sensitive, ASO test
141
Mycobacterium leprae disease
skin lesions, nerve damage, multibacillary/lepromatous disease (many bacteria, few lymphocytes, severe tissue damage), paucibacillary/tuberculoid (few bacteria, many lymphocytes, less severe)
142
Staph epidermis diagnosis
Coagulase negative
143
Diptheria toxin
Inhibits protein synthesis, A-B toxin
144
Neisseria meningitidis pathology
sialic acid capsule, affects those with complement deficiency
145
Proteases
Cleave Fc portion of IgA
146
Aminoglycoside side effects
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
147
Clostridium perfringens patholgoy
Type A enterotoxin or organisms
147
Cryptosporidium strucutre
coccidian (non motile)
148
Neisseria meningitidis diagnosis
chocolate agar, purple with oxidase regent (oxidase positive)
150
Salmonella disease
Gastroenteritis (long), typhoid fever (rose spots)
151
Borellia burgdorferi disease
Bulls eye rash, bells palsy, late disseminated lyme (joints, ataxia, memory loss)
152
Metronidazole
Flagyl, catericidal, always a good choice for anaerboes, nucleic acid synth inhbitor
153
Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis
Trophozoite, most common STD
154
Carbapenem
Inhibits PBP's as well, last resort for E. Coli and Klebsiella, penetrate the OprD porins of gram negative rods
155
B fragilis pathology
discrete areas of infection
156
M protein
Antiphagocytic activity
157
Augmentin
Amoxicillin (beta lactam) with clavulonic acid (beta lactamase inhibitor)
159
Bordetella pertussis structure
Gram neg coccobacilli, aerobe
161
C. trachomatis treatment
single dose azithro or 7 day regimen of doxycycline
162
C diff treatment
metronidazole, oral vanco
164
Staph aureus pathology
Alpha toxin, TSST, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin, MecA gene for altered PBP
166
Enterococcus f. diseases
UTI, bacteremia, PIDs, intrabdominal infections
167
EPEC pathology
Pedestal formation, infantile diarrhea
168
Shigella pathology
M cells, actin cell to cell, Shiga toxin, daycare centers
169
Bordetella pertussis pathology
Pertussis toxin
171
Bordetella pertussis disease
Whooping cough, catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent stage
172
Cryptosporidium pathology
farm animals, water parks, severe in AIDS
174
Rickettsia rickettsii is:
RMSF
175
GBS pathology
Sialic avid capsule
176
Mycobacterium leprae diagnosis
Acid fast, no culture, history, exam, biopsy, cooler temperatures
177
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis diagnosis
Acid fast stain, non motile rods, PPD, interferron gamma release test, fluorochrome stain, false neg in HIV
178
Shigella treatment
Fluoroquinolone
179
Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease
primary infection (alveolar macrophages, lymph nodes, bloodstream), reactivation in upper lobes with caseous necrosis, chills, fatigue, weight loss
180
Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease
Walking pneumonia
182
Strep pneumoniae diseases
Sinusitis, otitis media, lobar pneumonia, meningitis
183
Shigella disease
bloody diarrhea long term
184
T. vaginalis treatment
Metronidazole
185
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Methicillin, oxacillin, naficillin
186
ETEC pathology
Cholera like toxin, traveler's diarrhea
187
ETEC disease
Watery diarrhea (6-18 hrs)
188
Staph aureus treatment
Oxacillin/Vancomycin (resistance)
189
Staph aureus Disease
Scalded Skin, food poisoning, TSS, pneumonia, impetigo
190
Enterococcus faecalis vs. faecum
Faecalis common, faecium virulent
191
Staph epidermis treatment
Methicillin or vancomycin (resistant)
192
B fragilis diagnosis
Gram neg rod, anaerobe, bile-esculin growth
193
Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosis
gram neg bacilli, grows on living tissue, nucleic acid amplification, serotypes A-C(trachoma), D-K(urogenital), L1-L3 (venereum)
