Exam One

Question 1

defined as the force which gives an acceleration of 1m/s2 to a mass of 1kg.

Answer 1

Newton (N)

Question 2

• one conversion (engineering) is to report 3 significant digits.
• leading zeros do not count as significant digits
• if the first digit is a one then 4 significant digits are reported.

Answer 2

The three rules of significant digits

Question 3

Branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between sides and angles of a plane or triangle.

Answer 3

Trigonometry

Question 4

To the head

Answer 4

Superior

Question 5

From the head

Answer 5

Inferior

Question 6

Toward the front of the body

Answer 6

Anterior

Question 7

Toward the back of the body

Answer 7

Posterior

Question 8

Closer to the mid-line of the body

Answer 8

Medial

ex: Radial Artery

Question 9

Away from the mid-line of the body

Answer 9

Lateral

ex: hands pectoral

Question 10

Closer to the trunk

Answer 10

Proximal

ex: pectoral muscles

Question 11

Further away from the trunk

Answer 11

Distal

ex: phalanges

Question 12

At or close to the surface of the body

Answer 12

Superficial

ex: epithelial tissue

Question 13

Inside the body

Answer 13

Deep

ex: organs

Question 14

The plane that divides the body vertically into left and right halves. Also known as the anteroposterior plane

Answer 14

Sagittal Plane

ex: walking, running

Question 15

The plane that splits the body vertically into front and back halves. Also known as coronal plane.

Answer 15

Frontal Plane

ex: cartwheel

Question 16

The plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves. Also known as the horizontal plane.

Answer 16

Transverse Plane

Question 17

Erect standing position with feet slightly separated, arms hanging at sides, palms facing forward. (considered the starting point for segment movements)

Answer 17

Anatomical Reference Position

Question 18

Motion along a line

Answer 18

Linear Motion (Translation)

Question 19

Motion along a straight line

Answer 19

Rectilinear

Question 20

Motion along a curved line

Answer 20

Curvilinear Motion

Question 21

Rotation around a central imaginary line known as the axis of motion

Answer 21

Angular Motion

Question 22

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion

Answer 22

Sagittal Plane Movements

Question 23

Adduction, abduction, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation.

Answer 23

Frontal Plane Movements

Question 24

Left/Right rotation (of the head, neck, trunk), pronation, supination, circumduction.

Answer 24

Transverse Plane Movements

Question 25

1. Identify the major question (helps focus the analysis) 2. Determine optimal viewing perspective 3. Determine viewing distance 4. Determine # of trials (5-10 max) 5. Performer attire 6. Visual info alone or video?

Answer 25

The six steps of planning a qualitative analysis

Question 26

Combo of the nervous system and the muscles. Often referred to together, because muscles will not activate unless stimulated.

Answer 26

Neuromuscular System

Question 27

Refers to the muscle and tendon

Answer 27

Musculotendinous unit

Question 28

Muscle shortens while contracting (ex: biceps during flexion phase of of biceps curl)

Answer 28

Concentric Contraction

Question 29

Muscles lengthens while contracting

Answer 29

Eccentric Contraction

Question 30

Muscle stays the same length while contracting (ex: holding barbell stationery; body builders posing)

Answer 30

Isometric Contraction

Question 31

Concentric Contraction Isometric Contraction Eccentric Contraction

Answer 31

The three types of muscle contraction

Question 32

Movement works in ballistic movement. 1. Eccentric contraction followed IMMEDIATELY by a concentric contraction. 2. When a tensed muscle is stretched, the elastic component causes an elastic recoil effect. 3. Contributes to effective development of concentric muscle force in many sport activities.

Answer 32

Stretch-Shortening Cycle

Question 33

Fiber type that reaches maximum tension quicker than the slow twitch. *important for fast, powerful muscle contractions such as sprinting and jumping.

Answer 33

Fast Twitch Fibers

Question 34

Muscle fiber type important for endurance events such as marathons, cycling, and swimming.

Answer 34

Slow Twitch Fibers

Question 35

Fibers are parallel to the long axis of the muscle (e.g. biceps, rectus abdominus) greater range of motion.

Answer 35

Parallel Fibers

Question 36

Fibers that can generate more force than parallel fibers of the same length.

Answer 36

Pennate Fibers

Question 37

the muscle which contracts and causes movement (biceps)

Answer 37

Agonist

Question 38

A muscle which opposes the movement (eccentric contractions) (e.g. elbow during flexion)

Answer 38

Antagonist

Question 39

Immobilizes a body part while another part is moving.

Answer 39

Stabilizer

Question 40

A muscle which acts to prevent unwanted accessory actions by the agonist (only happens with intrinsic factors)

Answer 40

Neutralizer

Question 41

* Active insufficiency - inability to develop tension * passive insufficiency - can not stretch for the full ROM due to tightness of stretched multiple joint muscle on opposite side (can not stretch calf muscle by one stretch)

Answer 41

Disadvantages to Multi-joint muscles

Question 42

What type of contraction creates the most force?

Answer 42

Eccentric Contraction