Exam One

Question 1

what’s a cohort

Answer 1

a cohort is a group of people of the same age that live in the same area

Question 2

what is operant conditioning?

Answer 2

operant conditioning is a form of conditioning which utilizes rewards and punishments to increase or decrease behavior

Question 3

what is a phenotype?

Answer 3

an observable trait.

Question 4

what are monozygotic twins?

Answer 4

twins who are genetically identical

Question 5

what are dizygotic twins

Answer 5

twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time

Question 6

what is oxytocin?

Answer 6

the chemical that starts the birthing process

Question 7

what is the cephalocaudal principle

Answer 7

the idea that the head developes first

Question 8

what is the proximodistal principle?

Answer 8

development starts at the center and spans outward

Question 9

what is the proximodistal principle?

Answer 9

devopment starts from the center outwards

Question 10

what are the advantages of breast feeding?

Answer 10

it’s the most nutrious and delicious for a baby, it fosters a bond between mother and Infant.

Question 11

what is the social cognitive learning theory?

Answer 11

the social cognitive learning theory states learning occurs while observing the behavior of another person called a model.

Question 12

what is the information processing approach to development?

Answer 12

this approach follows models that seek to identify the ways individuals take in, use and store information

Question 13

what is the evolutionary perspective theory of psychology?

Answer 13

this theory seeks to identify behavior that is a result of genetic inheritance from ancestors

Question 14

what’s is longitudinal research

Answer 14

research that looks into the development of the same subjects over time

Question 15

what is meiosis?

Answer 15

meiosis is the process of sex cell development

Question 16

what is the sensitive period?

Answer 16

the period of time where humans particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, but lack of those stimuli can be made up later on

Question 17

what is the critical period?

Answer 17

the most sensitive period for an event or element that must be present for normal development to occur

Question 18

what are schemes ?

Answer 18

mental frameworks to organize information

Question 19

what is mitosis

Answer 19

cell division developent, it also replaces the cells in the body

Question 20

what is the incidents of sudden infant death syndrome?

Answer 20

1 in 2500 infants

Question 21

what is hemophilia?

Answer 21

a bleeding disorder in which blood is not able to clot

Question 22

how is a trait inherited

Answer 22

there is a 25 percent probability of genetic inheritance if the trait is present in the mother or father 50% chance if present in both

Question 23

what makes a fetus a boy?

Answer 23

2 x chromosomes

Question 24

whats an average apgar score?

Answer 24

7-10

Question 25

what's a bad apgar score?

Answer 25

4 or below

Question 26

what is anoxia

Answer 26

anoxia is a restriction of oxygen to an infant which lasts a few minutes and can cause brain damage

Question 27

what is cross sectional research?

Answer 27

research in which people of different ages are compared at the same time

Question 28

what is amniocentesis?

Answer 28

amniocentesis is a testing procedure that is done early on in the pregnancy to check the fetus for disorders.

Question 29

what occurs during amniocentesis

Answer 29

fluid is extracted from the Embrionic sac

Question 30

what is the first stage of piagets theory of cognitive development?

Answer 30

sensiory motor lasting from birth through 18-24 months

Question 31

what are some disadvantages to c sections?

Answer 31

high risk of infection, longer recovery time and risk to the baby

Question 32

what is the lamazee birthing nethod?

Answer 32

the lamaze birth techniue works to help the mother be relaxed diluribg the birthing process. it incorporates stress relieving techniues and breathing excercises to relax the mother

Question 33

how long is the first stage of labor and what occurs?

Answer 33

during the firat stage of labor there our uterus contractions lasting 30 second and occuring around every 8 to 10 minutes

Question 34

how long should a mother stay in the hospital after giving birth?

Answer 34

no less then 48 hours

Question 35

how long is the second stage of labor?

Answer 35

90 minutes

Question 36

how long is the 3rd stage of labor?

Answer 36

a few minutes long

Question 37

what are the apgar test's criteria

Answer 37

Apperance (color), pulse (heartrate) grimace (reflex irritabilty), activity (muscle tone), and respiration (respiratory effort)

Question 38

what is the age of viability?

Answer 38

the point at which an infajt can survive prematurely 22 weeks to 4 months

Question 39

what are sone of the causes of preterm delivery?

Answer 39

the age of the mother, the age of the father. the nutrition legel of the mother and the level of stress she experiences

Question 40

what are advantages of C sections?

Answer 40

they can help in the case of a medical emergecy whereca traditional birth is not possible

Question 41

what is super ego

Answer 41

freuds psycoanalotyic theory super ego is the morals that keep us from breaking laws

Question 42

what is a non normative life event?

Answer 42

something out of someones control that can Influence their life. examples include war, famines and poverty

Question 43

what is id?

Answer 43

primal instincts

Question 44

what is telegraphic speech ?

Answer 44

speech in which words not critical to the message are left out

Question 45

what is marasmus?

Answer 45

a severe defiency of protiens and calories in the first year of life. causes cessation of growth. if intreated leads to death

Question 46

what is kwashiorkor?

Answer 46

a condition of older children suffereing from extreme malnutrition. think african children, their stomachs are big due to water retention and electroltye imbalances

Question 47

whats the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills in infants ?

Answer 47

gross motor skills are basic they include basic movement with some assistance. fine motor skills are advanced and require more time to develope

Question 48

what is infant directed speech?

Answer 48

a type of speech directed towards infants. it is short simple sentences.

Question 49

what's the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale?

Answer 49

the nbas is a measure designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their environment

Question 50

what is synaptic pruning

Answer 50

synaptic pruning is the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation

Question 51

what is a control group

Answer 51

a control groups is a group in experimental research that receives no treatment

Question 52

what is a treatment group?

Answer 52

a treatment group is a group in experimental research that receives the treatment