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Local Anethesia Exam One > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. This is the oldest problem in dentistry.

A

pain

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2
Q

creates a numbing feeling, which eliminates the feeling of sensation in a specific area with out loss of consciousness

A

local anethesia

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3
Q

What is the different types of pain control that were once used?

A
  • religious techniques
  • plants/herbs
  • narcotics
  • self practice
  • ethical debate
  • suitability and benefit
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4
Q

neurologic experience of pain

A

pain perception

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5
Q

point at which a sensation starts to be painful and discomfort results

A

pain threshold

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6
Q

personal interpretation and response to the pain message

A

pain reaction

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7
Q

most powerful for pain control and is more effective than morphin

A

opium

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8
Q

contains salicylic acid and was introduced in 1899

A

aspirin

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9
Q

What was the first local anesthetic?

A

cocaine

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10
Q

Who isolated cocaine?

A

Albert Nieman and Franceso Stefano

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11
Q

Who was the first person to use cocaine as pain control?

A

Karl Koller

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12
Q

became available in 2000 for marketing in the USA in a 4% 1:100,000 epinephrine formulation

A

articaine

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13
Q

What is the most popular anesthestic in dentistry today?

A

Lidocaine

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14
Q

What type of drugs were used in the past to reduce pain?

A
  • alcohol
  • cannabus
  • henbrane
  • opium
  • mandragora
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15
Q

What might the pain threshold be altered by?

A
  • age
  • fatigue
  • stress
  • culture
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16
Q

has a high probability of producing an allergic reaction

A

ester

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17
Q

True or False: If a pt has an allergic reaction to one ester, they are likely to have an allergy to another ester

A

true

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18
Q

Less likely to have an allergic reaction

A

amide

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19
Q

Is cross hypersensitivity likely in amide and esters?

20
Q

an increased tolerance to a drug that is administered repeatedly

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A

tachyphylaxis

21
Q

Why might we need to reinject?

Study These Flashcards
A

if the procedure lasts longer than the duration of the anethestic, it is important to reinject before mantle fibers have fully recovered

22
Q

the period from local anesthesia deposition near the nerve trunk to the profound conduction

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A

onset of action

23
Q

What is the onset of action determined by?

24
Q

What determines the amount of drug that exists in an ionized form?

25
process by which anesthetic moves from its extraneural site if deposition toward the nerve called diffusion and is governed by the intitial concentration of LA
induction of local anesthesia
26
What are the benefits of local anethesia?
- pain relief - reduced bleeding (hemostasis) - Time management for the dentist and dental hygienist
27
- excreted in small amounts of urine | - almost completely hydrolyzed in blood
esters
28
most potent LA with greatest degree of lipid solubilty
bupivicaine
29
What affects the CNS and CVA before biotransformation?
local anesthesia
30
What crosses the blood brain barrier?
local anesthesia
31
What are the two vasoconstrictors added to LA?
- epineprhine | - levonodefrin
32
What is Levonordefrin available with only?
Mepivacaine 2%
33
true or false: levonordefrin and epinephrine have the same effects
true but levonordefrin is lesser extent
34
How long to adverse reactions of local anesthesias last?
5-10 min
35
What are good alternatives to pts who cannot have a vasocontrictor?
- Mepivicaine 3% | - Prilocaine 4%
36
What is the only topical in the USA?
lidocaine
37
What is the half life for vasoconstrictors
1/3
38
What is the most potent anesthetic
bupivicaine (marcaine)
39
What can happen if you inject into a blood vessel
Overdose or hematoma
40
1.7ml solution
Articaine
41
Why are vasoconstrictors added to anesthetic
because if it was not added it would be removed by the body quickly and enter the systemic circulation
42
What are the proprietary names for prilocaine
Citanest and citanest forte
43
What are the proprietary names for Articaine
Septocaine, zorcaine, and articadent
44
Anesthetics provide pulpal anesthesia of approximately 30 minutes and do not contain a vasoconstrictor
Short acting
45
What are short acting anesthetics
2% lidocaine (no longer in US) 3% mepivacaine 4% prilocaine
46
Provide pulpal anesthesia of approximately 60 minutes and contain a vasoconstrictor, except for 4% prilocaine when administered as a nerve block
Intermediate acting
47
Anesthetics provide pulpal anesthesia of approximately 90 minutes or more and contain vasoconstrictors. Bupivcaine is the only one of these available in the US
Long acting `

Local Anethesia Exam One (1 decks)

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