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NRSE-4550 Adult Care 2 > Exam One medications > Flashcards

Exam One medications Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What drugs increase the risk of falling

A

CATS MAN
major tranquilizers, anticholinergic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic

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2
Q

What type of drugs are sedative-hypnotics?

A

benzodiazepines, barbituates, and ‘z drugs’

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3
Q

Why do benzos, barbiturates, and ‘z drugs’ increase risk of falls

A

-CNS depression, help induce sleep, etc

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4
Q

What drugs are benzodiazepines

A

chlordiazepoxide, -lams and -pams

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5
Q

What drugs are barbiturates

A

end in -barbitol

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6
Q

What drugs are ‘Z drugs’

A

Zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone

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7
Q

What drugs are tricyclic antidepressants

A

doxepin, amoxipine, amitriptyline, nortiptyline, trimipramine, etc

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8
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants place our clients at risk of what three things?

A
  1. anticholinergic effects
  2. orthostatic hypotension
  3. sedation
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9
Q

What are different cardiac medications that increase risk for orthostatic hypotension

A

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
CCBs
Beta Blockers
Alpha 1 blockers

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10
Q

suffix for ACE inhibitors

A

-pril

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11
Q

suffix for ARBS

A

-sartan

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12
Q

suffix for CCB

A

-dipine

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13
Q

suffix for beta blockers

A

-olol

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14
Q

suffix for alpha 1 blockers

A

-zosin

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15
Q

What drugs are corticosteroids?

A

most end in -sone and -solone

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16
Q

why do corticosteroids increase risk of falls in the older adult

A

-osteoporosis

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17
Q

What drugs are NSAIDs

A

ketorolac, aspirin, diclofenac, meloxicam, naproxen, ibuprofen

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18
Q

How do NSAIDs cause falls in the older adult

A

increases dizziness

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19
Q

What are the hypoglycemic agents

A

-metformin
-sulfonylureas (begin with gly-)

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20
Q

What med is a stool softener

A

docusate sodium

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21
Q

What meds are osmotic laxatives?

A

polyethylene glycol (miralax), magnesium hydroxide, lactulose

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22
Q

What meds are stimulant laxatives>

A

bisacodyl suppositories, golytely, Senna

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23
Q

Stimulants should be given as a last resort to constipation caused by

A

narcotics

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24
Q

Polyethylene glycol is an osmotic laxative that increases the risk for

A

dehydration

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25
what is the bulk forming laxative
psyllium
26
important considerations with psyllium
-take with full glass of water to prevent bulk formation in the throat
27
Urge incontinence is often treated with
oxybutynin
28
is oxybutynin an anticholinergic>
yes
29
How does oxybutynin work?
relaxes muscles in the bladder increasing urine capacity
30
Oxybutynin can cause vasodilation which increases the risk of
orthostatic hypotension and slow reaction times
31
What are the alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists used to treat BPH
-tamsulosin, terazosin, doxazosin (FloMax and Hytrin)
32
How does tamsulosin and terazosin work?
decreases smooth muscle tone which relaxes the bladder and prostate
33
Complications of tamsulosin and and terazosin
-hypotension -decreased / failure to ejaculate
34
Should alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists be used before cataract surgery?
No ; increases risk for floppy iris syndrome
35
What should we monitor when our patient is taking tamsulosin, terazosin, and doxazosin?
-BP -LOC
36
When should tamsulosin be taken?
30 minutes after a meal
37
When should doxazosin be taken?
same time each day
38
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists are contraindicated in
liver and renal impairment
39
What is the 5- alpha reductase inhibitor used to treat BPH?
finasteride
40
How does finasteride work?
-reduces testosterone which reduces prostate size (also used to fix baldness in males)
41
How long can it take before we see improvements with finasteride?
6 months
42
complications of finasteride include?
-decreased libido -gynecomastia
43
Client education while taking finasteride
-pregnant women should not touch the medication -do not donate blood until 1 month after discontinuation
44
What tests should be monitored while taking finasteride?
liver function tests
45
How many g / day of carbs do older adults need
130 g (adds brain and nervous system fuel)
46
Carbohydrates should be what percent of older adult diet?
45-65
47
Fiber is what kind of carbohydrate
polysaccharide
48
Carbohydrates and insulin production
-glucose elevates blood sugar --> pancreas releases insulin --> converts glucose to energy
49
Fiber, which is a carbohydrate, does what four things?
lowers cholesterol, stabilizes blood sugar (decreases abortion rate of glucose), increases ease of BM, and decreases risk of intestinal CA
50
What may older adults take to increase their fiber
Metamucil and fiber tablets (foods like sweet potatoes make you feel more full)
51
Lipids increase function of what organ systems
cardiac and neuro
52
Omega 3 acids (such as avocoado) decrease risk of
cardiovascular problems
53
Normal LDL level should be
less than 100
54
Normal HDL level should be
> 60 males , >70 females
55
Normal triglyceride level should be
< 200
56
increased LDL puts patient at risk for?
CAD --> plaque buildup in arteries --> stroke
57
Male and female caloric needs 51 and older
Male : 2000 Female : 1600
58
Fruit requirements male and female 51 and older
Male: 2 cups Female: 1.5 cups
59
Vegetable requirements male and female 51 and older
Male: 2.5 Female: 2
60
Grains requirements male and female 51 and older
Male: 6 oz Female: 5 oz
61
Protein requirements male and female 51 and older
Male: 5 1/2 oz Female: 5 oz
62
Milk requirements male and females 51 and older
Male: 3 cups Female: 3 cups
63
Oils requirement male and female 51 and older
Male: 6 tspp Female: 5 tsp
64
How much calcium do older adults require in a day?
1200 mg
65
What medications are dopaminergics and used to treat Parkinson's disease?
levodopa and carbidopa
66
Does levodopa potentially speed the progression of Parkinson's disease?
yes
67
Side effects of levodopa?
-N and V -orthostatic hypotension -dry mouth -dyskinesia
68
Nutritional factors of levodopa nurses should be aware of?
-take 1 hr before or 2 hr after meal -protein heavy meals limit drug absorption
69
How does combined carbidopa levodopa change the drug?
-carbidopa decreases amount of levodopa is converted to dopamine (more drug available) -helps with nausea
70
What is the on off syndrome?
when sx of Parkinson's (specifically dyskinesia) appear despite treatment
71
What drug class may be used as the rescue drugs for the 'off times' in Parkinson's?
dopamine agonists
72
What drugs are dopamine agonists?
pramipraxole, bromocriptine, ropinorole
73
Can dopamine agonists be used before or with levodopa?
yes
74
Dopamine agonists such as pramipraxole, bromocriptine, and ropinorole have a high risk for?
hypotension and decreased LOC (also dyskinesias and hallucinations according to UTI)
75
What drug class may be given to patients with Parkinson's to control tremors and rigidity?
anticholinergics (benztropine, trihexylphenidyl)
76
What are catechol - O - methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors used for when treating Parkinson's disease?
-increase duration of levodopa by preventing its breakdown -extends benefit of levodopa for patient
77
What drugs is a COMT inhibitor?
entacepone
78
Do COMT inhibitors themselves help reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
no
79
Side effects of COMT inhibitors?
diarrhea, hypotension, nausea -potential to develop dyskinesias and hyperkinesia
80
Is dark urine considered a normal finding when taking entacepone?
yes

NRSE-4550 Adult Care 2 (5 decks)

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