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exam one study guide Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDE?

A

structure way of approaching a trauma or critically ill patient
A: airway, assess how air gets into the lungs, checking mouth and neck
B: breathing, only looking at lungs, hemothorax?
C: circulation for cardiovascular system
D: diability, broken arm?
E: exposure, enviroment

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2
Q

absorption

A

movement of a drug from its site of origin into bloodstream

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3
Q

adverse effects

A

-undesirable and unintended effect of a drug
-unrelated to pharmacological action of drug

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4
Q

agonist/antagonist

A

-agonist: drug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response as an internal substance
-antagonist: drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding and blocking a receptor

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5
Q

aloe drug class

A

laxative supplement

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6
Q

aloe therapeutic class

A

dietary

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7
Q

indications of aloe

A

soothe painful burns, heals burns, softens skin

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8
Q

actions of aloe

A

anti inflammatory, analgesic, laxative

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9
Q

adverse effects of aloe

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

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10
Q

contraindications of aloe

A

avoid in kidney and cardiac disorders if taken orally

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11
Q

interactions of aloe

A

lower potassium from diarrhea, can increase warfarin effects

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12
Q

anaphylaxis

A

most severe and life threatening condition

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13
Q

bioavailability principle

A

rate and extent the active ingredient is absorbed into the bloodstream

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14
Q

drug class of black cohosh

A

herbal supplement

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15
Q

therapeutic class of black cohosh

A

dietary

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16
Q

indications of black cohosh

A

menopausal symptoms, women’s hormonal related symptoms, PMS

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17
Q

actions of black cohosh

A

unknown, estrogen subsitute

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18
Q

adverse effects of black cohosh

A

GI uspet, HA, vaginal bleeding, possible liver injury

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19
Q

contraindications of black cohosh

A

pregnancy, breast cancer, kidney disease, liver disease

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20
Q

interactions of black cohosh

A

increase effects of antihypertensives, estrogens and BCP

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21
Q

drug class of saw palmetto

A

herbal supplement

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22
Q

therapeutic class of saw palmetto

A

dietary

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23
Q

indications of saw palmetto

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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24
Q

actions of saw palmetto

A

can decrease prostate enlargement

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25
adverse effects of saw palmetto
GI upset, increase blood thinning
26
contraindications of saw palmetto
pregnancy X, use of platelets
27
depot medication
slow release form of medication, IM or sub q, lasts a lot longer
28
similar drugs to cannaboids
dronabinol, nabilone
29
therapeutic class of cannaboids
dietary
30
indications of cannaboids
pain, chronic pain, neuropathies, diabetes, spasticity
31
actions of cannaboids
activates cannabinoid receptor in the CNS
32
adverse effects of cannaboids
increased HR, appetite, sleepiness, dizziness
33
contraindications of cannaboids
asthma, cardiac disease
34
drug adherence
ability to take drugs properly
35
drug distribution
transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action
36
drugs and aplastic anemia
-aplastic anemia: an adverse effect of bone marrow suppression where all cell lines are reduced
37
drug toxicity
drugs that can cause tissue injury
38
nephrotoxicity
kidney injury, renal tubules are exposed to high concentration can become injured
39
neurotoxicity
brain/nerve toxicity, blood brain barrier controls access of certain drugs to brain
40
otototoxicity
hearing impairment to damage to eighth cranial nerve
41
hepatotoxicity
liver injury
42
dermatologic toxicity
skin rashes, urticaria
43
cardiotoxicity
-heart injury -antiarrythmics, antimicrobials, antidepressants, antipsychotics
44
drug class of feverfew
herbal supplement
45
therapeutic class of feverfew
dietary
46
indications of feverfew
migraines, arthritis
47
actions of feverfew
blocks platlet aggregation
48
adverse effects of feverfew
GI upset, post feverfew syndrome, aggravate bleeding
49
post feverfew syndrome
fatigue, headache and insomnia
50
contraindications of feverfew
use of blood thinners, pregnancy and surgery
51
first pass metabolism
if drug is metabolized in liver or excreted in the bile, drug will lose some of active ingredient, bioavailability is less than 100%
52
drug class of garlic
herbal supplement
53
therapeutic class of garlic
dietary
54
indications of garlic
reduce atherosclerosis, reduce higher cholestrol
55
actions of garlic
release enzyme allicin
56
adverse effects of garlic
GI upset, bad breath, body odor, increase bleeding
57
contraindications of garlic
use of NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin, hemophilia, surgery
58
drug class of ginger root
herbal supplement
59
therapeutic class of ginger root
dietary
60
indications of ginger root
nausea, upset stomach, morning and motion sickness
61
actions of ginger root
relieves vertigo
62
adverse effects of ginger root
increased bleeding, hypoglycemia
63
contraindications of ginger root
can increase miscarriage risk
64
drug class of echinacea
herbal dietary supplement
65
indications of echinacea
mainly used for the common cold
66
actions of echinacea
possibly treats viruses
67
adverse effects of echinacea
bitter taste, GI upset, fever, allergic reaction
68
contraindications of echinacea
immunocompromised patients
69
therapeutic class of gingko biloba
dietary supplement
70
indications of gingko biloba
support memory
71
actions of gingko biloba
promotes vasodilation
72
adverse effects of gingko biloba
GI upset, HA, possible seizures
73
contraindications of gingko biloba
use of blood thinnersm antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, epilepsy
74
therapeutic class of glucosamine
dietary supplement
75
indications of glucosamine
joint health
76
actions of glucosamine
stimulates cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid
77
adverse effects of glucosamine
nausea, heartburn, bleeding
78
contraindications of glucosamine
shellfish allergy, concurrent use of antiplatelets or anticoagulants
79
ideal drug
-effectively treats, prevents, cures patients condition -produces rapid, predictable response ay relatively low doses
80
peak/trough levels
-peak level is the highest concentration of a drug in the patients bloodstream -trough levels is the lowest concentration of a drug in a patients bloodstream
81
ADME
-absorption: process by which the drug enters the body, how will it get in? -distribution: movement of the drug between various compartments, where will it go? -metabolism: drug is structurally altered into another chemical entity, how is it broken down -elimination: clearance of drug and its metabolites, how does it leave?
82
polypharmacy
-use of 5+ drugs -high prevalence in the geriatric population
83
prototype medication
single drug from each class used to compare all the other drugs to each class
84
placebo effect
serves as a control for the non treatment group
85
pharmacodynamics
action of drug in the body
86
pharmacokinetics
movement of drug in the body
87
pregnancy category A
well controlled studies in pregnant women, shows no risk to fetus in any trimester
88
pregnancy category B
animal studies shows no evidence to harm a fetus bu no good studies in humans
89
pregnancy category C
no studied performed on animals or pregnancy
90
pregnancy category D
well controlled studies that do show risk to the fetus but sometimes the benefits of a drug outweighs the risk
91
pregnancy category X
evidence of fetal abnormality, never give to a pregnant women
92
routes for drug adminstration
right patient, dose, route, drug, time
93
steven johnson syndrome
severe adverse skin reaction due to medications
94
therapeutic index
range of drug to provide a therapeutic response to the highest amount taken without causing cell/tissue injury
95
torsades
rare type of ventricular tachycardia that can cause sudden cardiac death
96
synergistic/ additive
-synergistic: the effect of 2 chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effects at the same doses, 1+1>2 -additive: the effect of 2 chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately, 1+1=2
97
tolerance
taking a drug for a long time and the effect does not work when the drug was first taken
98
drug adherence
ability to take drugs properly
99
high risk drugs
A PINCH A: anti infectives P:potassium and other electrolytes I: insulin N: narcotics C: chemotherapy agents H: heparin and other anticoagulants
100
hypnotic med
drugs used to induce, extend or prolong sleep
101
penicillin allergy
most likely to cause an allergic reaction and causes skin reactions
102
GABA system
-system of nervous system that inhibits neural excitability -decrease GABA: insomnia
103
med dosage calculation parameter
age, height and drug allergies are needed
104
drug class for kava
herbal supplement
105
therapeutic class for kava
dietary
106
indications of kava
insomnia, anxiety, muscle cramping/erlaxation
107
actions of kava
possibly acts on GABA receptors in the CNS, promotes sleep, decreases anxiety, muscle relaxant
108
adverse effects of kava
dry, flaky skin, large doses can lead to liver injury
109
contraindications of kava
concurrent use with CNS depressants including ETOH

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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