Exam Paper

Question 1

What is the null hypothesis for the investigation of orange star lichen abundance?

Answer 1

There is no significant difference in the abundance of orange star lichen based on the direction the wall faces.

Question 2

What should be considered when planning an investigation?

Answer 2

Selecting appropriate equipment, techniques, and standards.

Question 3

Why is it important to choose equipment with a smaller in-built error?

Answer 3

It increases the accuracy of measurements.

Question 4

Which is more accurate for measuring 10 cm³: a 10 mL measuring cylinder or a 100 mL measuring cylinder?

Answer 4

A 10 mL measuring cylinder.

Question 5

What are some factors to consider when choosing appropriate techniques for an investigation?

Answer 5

• What are you investigating? * What method(s) are you using? * Do you have the equipment available? * Do you have enough time? * Do you have the skills/knowledge?

Question 6

Define qualitative data.

Answer 6

Qualitative data refers to the appearance or value of something, such as color or whether bubbles are produced.

Question 7

Define quantitative data.

Answer 7

Quantitative data refers to numerical measurements, such as volumes and times measured.

Question 8

What is a standard operating procedure (SOP)?

Answer 8

An established method used to carry out a routine activity to ensure consistent results.

Question 9

List examples of standard operating procedures (SOPs).

Answer 9

• Titration * Handling of chemicals * Disposal of waste * Qualitative analytical tests * Preparing solutions.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Qualitative data is based on _______.

Answer 10

[the appearance or value of something]

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Quantitative data is based on _______.

Answer 11

[numerical measurements]

Question 12

True or False: A volumetric pipette is less accurate than a measuring cylinder.

Answer 12

False.

Question 14

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 14

An idea that you can test using practical experiments

Question 15

What are the two types of hypothesis?

Answer 15

1. Null hypothesis
2. Alternative hypothesis

Question 16

What is another term often used for a hypothesis?

Answer 16

Educated guess

Question 17

What is the structure of most hypothesis statements?

Answer 17

If/then statements

Question 18

Fill in the blank: If the temperature of the reactants is _______ then the rate of reaction will increase.

Answer 18

increased

Question 19

Fill in the blank: If more water is added to the soil then the plants will _______.

Answer 19

grow more

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The growth of a crop is dependent on the type of _______.

Answer 20

fertiliser in the soil

Question 21

What does a null hypothesis state?

Answer 21

There will be no relationship between variables

Question 22

What is an example of a null hypothesis?

Answer 22

There is no relation between the temperature of the reactants and the rate of reaction

Question 23

What are key features of a good hypothesis?

Answer 23

1. Must be able to be tested scientifically
2. Relate one dependent variable to one independent variable

Question 24

How can observations lead to a hypothesis?

Answer 24

By making a statement that can be tested based on those observations

Question 25

Fill in the blank: If a plant gets more sunlight then it will grow _______.

Answer 25

taller

Question 26

What is an example of a hypothesis based on the growth of plants?

Answer 26

The height of a plant is dependent on the type of plant

Question 27

What must you consider when testing a hypothesis about plant growth?

Answer 27

Other factors such as type of plant or minerals in the soil

Question 28

What is the relationship between the size of molecules in a solution and their ability to pass through a membrane?

Answer 28

The bigger the molecules, the fewer molecules will pass through

Question 29

Write an if/then statement for the following: When a 1 mol dm3 solution of acid was added to magnesium, it dissolved faster than in a 0.5 mol dm3 solution.

Answer 29

If a 1 mol dm3 solution of acid is added to magnesium, then it will dissolve faster than in a 0.5 mol dm3 solution.

Question 30

Write an if/then statement for the following: A lamp in a circuit was dim with one cell and bright with three cells.

Answer 30

If there are three cells in the circuit, then the lamp will be very bright.

Question 32

What is a risk assessment?

Answer 32

A risk assessment identifies hazards, evaluates the risks associated with those hazards, and determines ways to eliminate or control those risks.

Question 33

Define 'hazard'.

Answer 33

The equipment or substance that can cause harm, for example, hot plate or hydrochloric acid.

Question 34

What is the difference between hazards and risks?

Answer 34

Hazards are the sources of potential harm, while risks are the harm that the hazard could cause and the chances of it happening.

Question 35

What is an example of risk from using a hot plate?

Answer 35

The risk from using a hot plate is getting burnt.

Question 36

What can hydrochloric acid cause as a risk?

Answer 36

The risk from using hydrochloric acid is skin corrosion or chemical burns.

Question 37

What headings might be present in a risk assessment template?

Answer 37

* Severity of harm * Likelihood of harm * Control measures * Procedures if harm occurs

Question 38

List some common risks in laboratory settings.

Answer 38

* Chemical burns * Eye damage or irritation * Burns or fire * Hearing damage * Poisoning * Inhalation of toxic fumes * Cuts to skin from broken glassware * Injury from dropping heavy equipment * Slipping or tripping over spillages

Question 39

What are some common control measures to mitigate risks?

Answer 39

* Wearing goggles or face shields * Wearing a laboratory coat * Wearing gloves * Carrying out the experiment in a fume cupboard * Using correct manual handling techniques * Cleaning up broken glass or spillages as soon as they occur

Question 40

What should you do in case of chemical burns?

Answer 40

Washing chemical contact with skin or eyes under running cold water.

Question 41

What are emergency procedures for hearing damage?

Answer 41

Removal of affected person(s) to fresh air.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The risk assessment template includes the heading 'Control ______'.

Answer 42

measures

Question 43

True or False: A risk assessment is only concerned with identifying hazards.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Where can you find resources to help fill in a risk assessment form?

Answer 44

* http://www.hse.gov.uk/ * COSHH regulations * CLEAPSS Hazards

Question 45

What should you do if there is an emergency during an experiment?

Answer 45

Call emergency services for assistance.