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Exam Papers Flashcards

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1
Q

Relative atomic mass?

A

Average mass of an atom of the element relative to 1/12 the mass of carbon-12

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2
Q

EDTA

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

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3
Q

Hardness of water exp: suitable indicator

A

Solo chrome black T

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4
Q

Alkanes formula

A

CnH2n+2

Single bonds

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5
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds that’s have same molecular formula but different structural formula

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6
Q

Alkene formula

A

CnH2n

Double bond

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7
Q

Alkynes formula

A

CnH2n-2

Triple bonds

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8
Q

Ethanol reacting with

  1. Acidified potassium permanganate
  2. Fehlings reagent
  3. ammoniacial silver nitrate
A
  1. colour change purple to colorless
  2. brickred precipitate is formed
  3. silver mirror is formed
    * all repeat with propanone*

Ketones are not oxidized by neither of them all

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9
Q

What’s a choloalkane

A

Compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an Alkane molecule have been replaced by chlorine

E.g.

Monocholormethane
Dichloromethane
Trichloromethane
Tetrachloromethane

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10
Q

What do alcohols have ?

A

-OH group called hydroxyl group

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11
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or a group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound

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12
Q

Alcohols formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

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13
Q

Dsescirbe benzene

A

Carbon carbon bonds are intermediate between carbon carbon single and double bonds. That is shown by the circle inside the hexagon. Each corner represents a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom

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14
Q

Primary alcohol

A

One where the carbon atom joined to the OH group is attached to only ONE other carbon atom

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15
Q

What is methanol

A

Toxic

Added to alcohol to prevent people drinking it

Causes blindness and death

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16
Q

Physical properties of alcohols

A

High boiling points

Completely miscible with water

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17
Q

Aldehyde

A

-CHO

-al at the end
E.g. Methenal

CnH2n+1CHO

Consist of carbonyl group c=o

Temporary dipoledipole bonds between aldehyde molecules

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18
Q

Ketones

A 
O
         //
R---C
          \
           R

R are alkyl groups

End with -anone

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19
Q

What is propanone and butanone ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ketones

Has carbon double bonded with carbon

Dipole dipole forces between ketones

Low boiling points

20
Q

Example of a structural isomer

Study These Flashcards
A

Propanone and propanal

Propanone
O
||
H-C-C-C-H

Propanal
O
||
H-C-C-C-H

21
Q

Carboxylic acids

Study These Flashcards
A 
O
 //
C
  \
   OH

CnH2n+1COOH

-oic acid “at the end”

22
Q

Boiling points

Low to high or ethane

Study These Flashcards
A

Ethane
Ethanal
Ethanol
Ethanoic acid

23
Q

Ester

Study These Flashcards
A 
O
     //
R-C
      \
       O-R'

Where R’ is an Alkyne group or the same

Ends with oate e.g. Methyle ethanoate

24
Q

Condensation reaction

Study These Flashcards
A

Chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule with loos of a smaller molecule e.g. Water

25
Steam distillation
Separation process used to isolate compounds at temperature below their decomposition temp
26
Principle of steam distillation
Mixture of two immiscible liquids boils at a temperature below that of the boiling points of l each of the liquids. Hot mixture of water vapor and oil is passed through a condenser and the distillate that is collected contains a mixture of oil and water
27
Emulsion
Dispersion of small droplets of one liquids in another liquids in which in not soluble
28
Why use gloves when handling eugenol
Can burn skin
29
What is used to separate an emulsion
Liquid liquid extraction (solvent extraction)
30
What is liquid liquid extraction
Technique in which to immiscible liquids are separated using a solvent (cyclohexane) in which one of the components (oil)of the mixture has a higher solubility than the other(water) E.g. Organic component is removed by dissolving it in an organic solvent
31
Experiment is the separation of clove oil
Cyclohexane floats in the emulsion (it is non polar organic solvent) Cyclohexan floats because it's less dense than water ``` •Shake funnel •Clap again •pour organic in a conical •pour aqueous in a beaker •repeat at least 3 times As each of washing is carried out the emulsion becomes milky •anhydrous magnesium sulfate is added (MgSO4)into the cyclohexane solution *MgSO4 is a drying agent* ``` * pass organic layer into comical flask add mgso4 and pour down a filter paper into a conical flask * in the conical flask is cyclohexane containing clove oil (we used mgso4 to clump and collect water) * place in a water bath in a fume cupboard (to boil cyclohexane out of the solution wth has a boiling point of 81c
32
Substitution reaction
Chemical reaction in which an atom or atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or atoms
33
What is it called when a atom is replaced by an atom
Substitution reaction
34
What is a mechanism
A detailed Step by step description oh how the overall reaction occurs
35
Chain reaction
Reaction that continues on and on because a product from one step is a reactant for another reaction
36
What is when a h from oh has been replaced by alkyne group and the reverse of it
Esterification Hydrolysis
37
Additional reaction
Two or more molecule react to make a single molecule
38
Polymers
Long chain molecules made by joining together small molecules
39
How to dehydrate alcohol to make an alkene
Add Al2O3
40
Principal of gas chromotograony
Gaseous mobile phase is in contact with a stationary phase and separation of the mixture occurs as a result of selective assonance of the components of the mixture on the stationary phase
41
What's a triad
Group of three elements with Sicilian chemical properties in which the atomic weight of the middle Element is approximately equal to the average of the two
42
Mass number
Sum of protons and neutrons
43
What is an isotope
Atoms of same element which have different mass number due to neutrons in the nucleus
44
Sigma vs pi
Sigma-head on overlap of orbitals Pi-sideways overlap of orbitals
45
Seconds ionization energy
Energy required to remove an electron from a position ion in a gaseous state
46
Processes in mass spectrometry
Vincent Is a Sad Dog Vaporization: Turning liquids into gas Ionization: Electron gun fires high energy electrons at the atoms or molecules of the sample gas. Electrons are knocked off these particles and positive ions are produced. Accelerate: passed between negative plates . These attract positive ions and accelerate these ions to high speeds Separation: curved magnetic field in which lighter particles are easy to detect and heavy are more difficult to detect therefore it's split into a number of beams based to their masses Detection: positive ion fall in a very sensitive detector that responds to the number of ions hitting it. It sends a series of leaks called mass spectrum

Chemistry (11 decks)

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