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First Steps to Quran > Exam Prep > Flashcards

Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

How many letters are there in Arabic?

A

28 letters

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2
Q

What are the names of heavy and light letters? And which ones are heavy?

A
  • Heavy = Tafkheem (7): Pronounced with a full mouth

خ ص ض ط ظ غ ق

  • Light = Tareeq (21)

Exceptions: ل and ر
• ر is heavy when it has a fatha or dhamma, light with a kasra
• ل is heavy only in the name of Allah (SWT), but light when saying Bismillah (where the
name of Allah is preceded by a kasra)

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3
Q

Explain and list the naughty letters?

A
  • Naughty letters join from the right but not the left
  • There are 6 naughty letters
    ا د ذرزؤ
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4
Q

What does Makhaarij mean?

A

Where the letters come from

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5
Q

What are the 5 organs of speech?

A
  • Al Jawf (The empty space between the mouth and the throat)
  • Al-Halq (The throat)
  • Al-lisaan (The tongue)
  • Ashafataan (The two lips)
  • Al khayshoom (The nasal passage)
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6
Q

Explain Al Jawf

A
  • Meaning: The empty space between the mouth and the throat (Aa, ee, uu)
  • The letters of Al Jawf are the - 3 long voels which are:
  • Alif Saakinah before it a fatha
  • Waw saakinah before it a damma
  • Yaa saakinah before it a kasra
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7
Q

Explain Al Halq

A
  • Meaning: The throat
  • There are six letters and 3 are articulation points
  1. Top: غ خ
  2. Middle: ع ح
  3. Bottom/Deep: ء ه
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8
Q

Explain Al Lisaan

A

Meaning (the tongue)
- 18 letters, 4 areas/sections, 10 articulation points

  1. back of the tongue (2 articulation points and 2 letters):
    ك , ق
  2. middle of the tongue (1 articulation point and 3 letters):
    ي ش ج
  3. side of the tongue (2 letters, 2 articulation points):
    ض , ل
  4. tip of the tongue (11 letters, 5 articulation points)
    ن , ر , ت د ط , س ص ز , ث ذ ظ
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9
Q

Back of tongue

A
  1. back of the tongue (2 articulation points and 2 letters):
    ك , ق
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10
Q

Middle of tongue

A
  1. middle of the tongue (1 articulation point and 3 letters):
    ‎ي ش ج
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11
Q

Side of tongue

A
  1. side of the tongue (2 letters, 2 articulation points):

‎ض , ل

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12
Q

Tip of tongue

A
  1. tip of the tongue (11 letters, 5 articulation points)

‎ن , ر , ت د ط , س ص ز , ث ذ ظ

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13
Q

Explain Ashafatan

A

Meaning (The lips)

4 letters, 2 articulation points

  1. Upper teeth touching lower lip: ف
  2. use both lips: ب م و
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14
Q

Explain Al khayshoom

A
  • Meaning: Nasal passage
  • 2 letters: مّ نّ
  • Both have characteristics of ghunna waajiba
  • say letters with a blocked nose, and hold onto it for two counts.
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15
Q

Qalqalah letters

A

• 5 letters
• We must bounce or vibrate when they have a sukoon [ ] on them.
قْ طْ بْ جْ دْ
Qa-Tt-Bu-Ja-D

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16
Q

Explain Leen Letters

A

• 2 letters: يْ وْ

• Not long letters but can be stretched like long vowels when followed by a stopping
sukoon.

• Become OWW and AYY

  • Fatha before them
  • only stretch at the end
17
Q

Explain Hamzatal Wasl

A
  • Shaped like Alif with the head of Saad [ ٱ ], Comes from Al Halq
  • Has an ‘aah’ sound like a hamzah
  • Say it at the beginning, drop it in the middle of a word.
  • Never carries a vowel! Can sometimes see vowel by looking @ 3rd letter
  • When paired with a Laam, becomes Al [ ٱل ]
18
Q

Hamzatal Qat

A
  • Your normal hamzah, ‘aah’ sound
  • Never silent!
  • Can use Alif, Waaw, and Yaa as a chair [ أ إ ؤ ئ ]
  • The vowel is always written
19
Q

Alif

A
  • Not a letter, it’s a long vowel. See: Al Jawf and Stretching.
  • Always Saakinah. Must be preceded by a fatha
  • Silent with Fathataan
20
Q

List Harakah

A
  • short vowels: Hold for 1 count
    1. Fatha
    2. Kasra
    3. Dhamma
    4. Sukoon [ ]
    5. Shaddah
21
Q

Explain Kasra

A
  1. Kasra ( ـِ )

• ee sound – lowering the jaw

22
Q

Explain dhamma

A

[ اُ ]

• oo sound – circle the lips

23
Q

Explain Fatha

A
  1. Fatha ( ـَ )

• ah sound opening the mouth

24
Q

Explain Sukoon

A

[اْ]
• silent vowel
• If haraka is a movement, sukoon doesn’t want movement. Just say the sound.
• Always preceded by a harakah (fatha, kasra, dhamma). Join with the letter before it.

25
Q

Explain Shaddah

A

[اّ]
Double prominence.
• Say first with a sukoon (join to letter before) and then with harakah

26
Q

Explain Long vowels

A

• stretch 2 counts (See also: Al Jawf)

  1. Alif Saakinah before it a Fatha [ اْ ]
    • Or Alif Maqsoora [ ى ] (shaped like a yaa with no dots and no harakah).
  2. Yaa Saakinah before it a Kasra [ يْ ]
  3. Waaw Saahinah before it a dhamma [ وْ ]
    • Or waaw with no harakah
27
Q

Further elongation

A
  • Wiggly line [ آ ] means stretch more than 2 counts (4-5 or 6).
  • Stretch 4-5 counts when there is a hamzah after a long vowel.

Stretch 6 counts when
there is a shaddah after a long vowel.

28
Q

Rules of Joining

A
  1. If they have a tail (below the line), cut it off.
  2. When joining, shorten letters.
  3. Last letter keeps its full shape
  4. Naughty letters only join from one side.
29
Q

Explain the precedence of shaddah

A
  • Cannot read two saakin (sukoon) next to one another or a sukoon followed by a shaddah (because it follows the rules of sukoon). We must always drop the first sukoon, and keep the last shaddah or sukoon.
  • Important: when applying rule to shaddahs, this only applies when the sukoon is before the shaddah not after, because a shaddah ends in a harakah.
  • Long vowels carry a sukoon (which isn’t written).
  • Applies to tanween (double vowels) when they are away from each other (ignore). When they are next to each other, say it.
  • With Othmani script, when the letter is silent it will have no harakah.
30
Q

Rules of stopping

A

Rules of Stopping
• Hold breath until stopping (end of Ayah). If not, look for little stopping signs. If there are
no stopping signs, must read until Ayah has full meaning.

• Put a stopping sukoon at the end of each Ayah.
o If not stopping, use the end harakah to combine two Ayah in one breath.

• When stopping on fathataan, make it a long vowel Alif
o Exception: Taa Marboota [ ة ] becomes a haa saakinah [ هْ ] even with fathataan

• When stopping on a regular long vowel, keep the stretch (2 counts).
o Exception: with the small detatched و and ى long vowels, only stretch if continuing.

• When stopping on a long vowel with Madd sign [ آ ], if it is not connected to the
hamzah/shaddah after it, only stretch 2 counts.

31
Q

Special Rules of Surahs on Exam

A
  • Surah An-Nas has Al Khayshoom (the nasal passage)

* Surah Al-Falaq (Ayah 2 + 3) and Al Ikhlaas (every Ayah) have Qalqalah letters

First Steps to Quran (1 decks)

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