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AWS Cloud Practitioner > Exam Prep > Flashcards

Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

The 6 Advantages of Cloud Computing

A
  1. Trade capital expense for variable expense.
  2. Benefit from massive economies of scale
  3. Stop guessing about capacity
  4. Increase speed and agility
  5. Stop spending $$ running and maintaining data centers
  6. Go global in minutes
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2
Q

3 Types of Cloud Computing

A
  1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
  2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
  3. Software as a service (SaaS)
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3
Q

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

You mange the server, which can be physical or virtual, as well as the operating system. Usually the data center provider will have no access to your server.

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4
Q

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A

Someone else manages the underlying hardware and operating systems. You just focus on your applications. Someone else worries about security patches, updates, maintenance, etc.

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5
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

All you worry about is the software and how you use it.

Ex) Gmail

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6
Q

3 Types of Cloud Computing DEPLOYMENT

A
  1. Public Cloud - AWS, Azure, GCP
  2. Hyrbid - Mix of public and private
  3. Private (On Prem) - You manage it in your data center, open stack or VM
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7
Q

Availability Zone

A

Data Center

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8
Q

Region

A

Geographical area, 2+ regions per AZ

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9
Q

Edge Location

A

Endpoint for AWS that cache content

CloudFront, CDN (Content Delivery Network)

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10
Q

Rank:
Availability Zone
Region
Edge

A

Availability Zone < Region < Edge

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11
Q

How do you chose the right AWS Region?

A

Data Sovereignty Laws
Latency to End Users
AWS Services

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12
Q

What is S3

A 
Simple Storage Service
Provides secure, durable, highly scaleable object storage.
Flat files, pictures, video, doc, etc...
Object based storage
0 - 5 TB
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13
Q

S3 Namespace

A

Universal - must be unique globally

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14
Q

What happens on a successful S3 upload

A

HTTP 200 Code

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15
Q

Consistency for S3

A
  1. Read after write for PUTS of new objects
    - if write, data is immediately available
  2. Eventual consistency for overwrite of PUTS and DELETES
    - Update or delete may get old version
    - Takes time to change
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16
Q

S3 Guarantees

A

Availability 99.9%

Durability 99.999999999% (11 9’s)

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17
Q

Features of S3

A
  1. Tiered storage availability
  2. Lifecycle management
  3. Versioning
  4. Encryption
  5. Security through Access Control Lists and Bucket Policies
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18
Q

S3 Storage Classes

A
  1. S3 Standard - Designed to sustain loss of 2 AZ concurrently
  2. S3 IA - Less frequent but rapid access, lower fee but includes retrieval fee
  3. S3 One Zone IA - Lower cost
  4. S3 Intelligent Tiering - Optimize cost by moving data between tiers using ML
  5. S3 Glacier
  6. S3 Glacier Deep Archive - Retrieval time of 12+ hours
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19
Q

How are you charged for S3

A 
Storage
Requests
Storage Management Pricing
Data Transfer
Transfer Acceleration
Cross Region Replication
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20
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Enables fast, easy, and secure transfer of files.
Takes advantage of CloudFront’s globally distributed edge locations. As the data arrives at an edge location, data is routed to S3 over an optimized path.

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21
Q

Key Fundamentals of S3

A

Key (name of the object)

Value (data - made up of a sequence of bytes)

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22
Q

What is CloudFront?

A

A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of distributed servers (network) that deliver webpages adn other web content to a user based on the geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage, anda content delivery server.

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23
Q

What is EC2?

A

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a virtual server in the cloud.
Reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing requirements change.

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24
Q

EC2 Pricing Model

A
  1. On Demand - fixed rate per hour or second
  2. Reserved - capacity reservation, 1 to 3 year contracts, significant per hour discount
  3. Spot - bid on price if flexible start and end times
  4. Dedicated Hosts - physical EC2 servers, use existing server bound license
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25
Q

On Demand pricing is useful for….

A
  • users who want low cost and flexibility of EC2 without any up front payment or long term commitment
  • applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted
  • applications being developed or tested in EC2 for the first time
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26
Q

Reserved pricing is useful for….

A
  • applications with steady state or predictable usage
  • applications that require reserved capacity
  • users able to make up front payments to reduce their total computing cost even further
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27
Q

Reserved Pricing Types

A
  1. Standard Reserved Instance - 75% off on demand, the more you pay up front and the longer the contract, the greater the discount
  2. Convertible Reserved Instance - 54% off on demand
  3. Scheduled Reserved Instance - available to launch within window reserved
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28
Q

Spot Pricing is useful for….

A
  • applications that have flexible start and end times
  • applications that are only feasible as very low compute prices
  • users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity
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29
Q

Dedicated Host pricing is useful for….

A
  • regulatory requirements that may not support multi-tenant virtualization
  • great for licensing which does not support multi-tenancy or cloud deployments
  • can be purchased on demand (Hourly)
  • can be purchased as a reservation for up to 70% off the on demand price
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30
Q

What is Amazon EBS?

A

Allows you to create storage volumes and attach them to EC2 instances. Once attached you can create a file system on top of these volumes, run a database, or use them in any other way you would use a block device. EBS volumes are placed in specific AZ where they are automatically replicated to protect you from failure of a single component.

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31
Q

Types of EBS

A

SSD
a. General Purpose SSD (GP2) - balances price and performance for a wide variety of workloads
b. Provisioned IOPS SSD (IO1) - highest performance SSD volume for mission critical low latency or high throughput workloads
Magnetic
a. Throughput Optimized HDD (ST1) - low cost HDD volume for frequently accessed throughput, intensive workloads
b. Cold HDD (SCI) - Lowest cost HDD volume for less frequently accessed workloads (file servers)
c. Magnetic - previous generations

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32
Q

If the spot instance is terminated by EC2….

A

….you will not be charged for a partial hour of usage

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33
Q

If you terminate the EC2 spot instance yourself….

A

….you will be charged for an hour in which the instance ran

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34
Q

Key Features of Amazon RDS

A

Multi zone AZ for disaster recovery

Read replicas for performance

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35
Q

Amazon’s Non-Relational Database is called….

A

DynamoDB

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36
Q

OLTP vs OLAP

A

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) differs from Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) in terms of the types of queries ran.
OLTP ex) Order #1234
OLAP ex) Net profit for EMEA and Pacific

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37
Q

Amazon’s data warehouse solution is…

A

Amazon Redshift

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38
Q

What is ElasticCache

A

Web service that makes it easy to deploy, operate, and scale an in-memory cache in the cloud. The service improves the performance of web applications by allowing you to retrieve information from fast, managed, in-memory caches, instead of relying on slower disk based databases.

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39
Q

ElasticCache supports 2 open sourced in-memory caching engines

A
  1. Memcached

2. Redis

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40
Q

Amazon RDS supports what 6 database engines?

A
  1. SQL
  2. MySQL
  3. PostgreSQL
  4. Oracle
  5. Amazon Aurora
  6. MariaDB
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41
Q

Which AWS Services are global?

A
  • IAM
  • Route53
  • CloudFront
  • SNS
  • SES
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42
Q

Some AWS services give global views but are regional. Which are these?

A

Amazon S3

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43
Q

Which AWS Services can be used on premise?

A
  • Snowball
  • Snowball Edge
  • Storage Gateway
  • CodeDeploy
  • Opsworks
  • IOT Greengrass
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44
Q

Which AWS Service can use used to deploy applications on premise?

A
  • CodeDeploy

- Opsworks

45
Q

What is CloudWatch?

A

A monitoring service to monitor your AWS resources as well as the applications that you run on AWS

  • Monitors performance
46
Q

What can CloudWatch monitor?

A

Compute

  • EC2 Instances
  • Autoscaling Groups
  • Elastic Load Balancers
  • Route53 Health Checks

Storage and Content Delivery

  • EBS Volumes
  • Storage Gateways
  • CloudFront
47
Q

CloudWatch and EC2 host metrics consist of….

A
  • CPU
  • Network
  • Disk
  • Status check
48
Q

CloudWatch with EC2 will monitor events every ____ minutes by default

A

5

You can have 1 minute intervals by turning on detailed monitoring

49
Q

AWS Systems Manager allows you to ….

A

….manage your EC2 instances at scale

Piece of software installed on each VM
Inside or on premise
run command used to install, patch, uninstall
integrates with CloudWatch to create dashboard

50
Q

The 4 types of Support Packages

A

Basic - Free
Developer - $29+ / month
Business - $100+ / month
Enterprise - $15,000+ / month (get a TAM)

51
Q

IAM stands for….

A

….Identity Access Manager

when you create a user/group it is global

52
Q

How do you access the AWS Platform

A
  1. via the Console
  2. Programmatically using Command Line (CLI)
  3. using the Software Developers Kit (SDK)
53
Q

What is the Root account?

A

the email address used to set up your AWS account. The root account always has full admin access. You should not give these account credentials away to anyone. Instead create a user for each individual within your organization. You should always secure the root account using multi-factor authentication.

54
Q

A group is….

A

….a place to store your users. Your users will inherit all permissions that the group has.

Ex) A group is developers, sys admin, finance, HR, etc.

55
Q

To set permissions in a group….

A

….you need to apply a policy to that group

56
Q

A policy is….

A

….consists of a Java Script object notation (JSON). These are referred to as key value pairs. You have your name then the value

[“name” ; “A Cloud Guru”]

57
Q

The origin in….

A

….the origin of all files that the CDN will distribute

S3 Bucket
EC2 Instance
Elastic Load Balancer
Route53

58
Q

Edge Locations

A
  • Read/Write
  • Objects cached for the life of the TTL (Time to Live)
  • Can clear cached objects but will be charged
59
Q

Common Ports

A 
Linux = SSH (Port 22)
Microsoft = Remote Desktop Protocol (Port 3389)
HTTP = Port 80
HTTPS = Port 443
60
Q

Firewall Settings

A

To let everything in 0.0.0.0/0

To let in one IP x.x.x.x/32

61
Q

Security Groups

A

Virtual firewall in the cloud
- Need to open up ports to use them

SSH 22
HTTP 80
HTTPS 443
RDP 3389

62
Q

Always design for….

A

….FAILURE

63
Q

Security of roles

A

Roles are much more secure than using access key id’s and secret access keys are easier to manage.
Roles are universal. You do not need to specify what region they are in

64
Q

Types of Load Balances

A

Application Load Balancer - Layer 7 (make intelligent decisions)

Network Load Balancer - Extreme performance / static IP addresses

Classic Load Balancer - Test and develop, keep costs low

65
Q

Amazon’s Graph Database

A

Amazon Nepture

  • Scalability
  • High availability
66
Q

What is a DNS?

A

Domain Name System

  • process computers use to resolve domain names to IP Addresses
  • Route53
  • Global
  • Direct traffic around the world, register names
67
Q

What is Elastic Beanstalk?

A

Quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS Cloud without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications. You simply upload your application and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the details of capacity provisioning, load balancing,scaling, and application health monitoring.

68
Q

What is AWS Cloud Formation?

A

Service that helps you model and set up your AWS resources so that you can spend less time managing those resources and more time focusing on your applications that run in AWS. You create a template that describes all the AWS resources that you want (EC2, RDS, etc.) and AWS Cloud Formation takes care of provisioning and configuring those resources for you. You don’t need to individually create and configure AWS resources and figure out what is dependent on what.

69
Q

Elastic Beanstalk vs Cloud Formation

A

Elastic Beanstalk is limited in what it can provision and is not programmable.

Cloud Formation can provision almost any AWS Service and is completely programmable.

70
Q

What is AWS CloudWatch?

A
  • used for monitoring performance
  • can monitor most of AWS as well as your applications that run on AWS
  • CloudWatch with EC2 will monitor events every 5 minutes by default
  • You can have 1 minute intervals with detailed monitoring
  • You can create alarms with trigger notifications
  • All about performance
71
Q

Features of Consolidated Billing

A
  • account charges can be tracked individually
  • a single bill is issued containing the charges for all AWS accounts
  • multiple standalone accounts are combined and may reduce your bill
72
Q

9 Sections of the Cloud Formation template?

A 
AWSTemplateFormationVersion
Description
Metadata
Parameters
Mappings
Conditions
Transform
Resources (required)
Outputs
73
Q

What does S3 Transfer Acceleration use to get your data into AWS quicker?

A

Edge Locations

74
Q

There are at least ____ availability zones per AWS region?

A

2

75
Q

IAM Policies are written using….

A

….JSON

76
Q

Amazon Lightsail is an example of what?

A

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

77
Q

Route53: Simple Routing Policy

A

used for a single resource that that performs a given function for your domain

78
Q

Route53: Failover Routing Policy

A

use when you want to configure active-passive failover

79
Q

Route53: Geolocation Routing Policy

A

use when you want to route traffic based on the location of your users

80
Q

Route53: Geoproximity Routing Policy

A

use when you want to route traffic based on the location of your resources and optionally shift traffic from resources in one location to resources in another

81
Q

Route53: Latency Routing Policy

A

use when you have resources in multiple AWS regions and you want to route traffic to the region that provides the best latency

82
Q

Route53: Multivalue Answer Routing Policy

A

use when you want Route53 to respond to DNS queries with up to 8 healthy records selected at random

83
Q

Route53: Weighted Routing Policy

A

use to route traffic to multiple resources in proportion that you specify

84
Q

CapEx vs OpEx

A

CapEx (Capital Expenditure) - you pay up front. It is a fixed, sunk cost
OpEx (Operational Expenditure) - you pay for what you use. ex) electricity, gas, water, etc

85
Q

Basics of Cloud Pricing Policy

A
  • pay as you go
  • pay less when you reserve
  • pay even less per using by using more
  • pay even less as AWS grows
  • custom pricing
86
Q

3 Fundamental Drivers of Cost within AWS

A

Compute
Storage
Data Outbound

87
Q

AWS 1 year Free Services

A 
Amazon VPC
Elastic Beanstalk
Cloud Formation
IAM
Auto Scaling
Opsworks
Consolidated Billing
88
Q

What determines the price of EC2

A
  • clock hours of server time
  • instance type
  • pricing model
  • number of instances
  • load balancing
  • detailed monitoring
  • auto scaling
  • elastic IP addresses
  • operating system and software packages
89
Q

Amazon Neptune stores data as a….

A

….node and the relationship between each node

90
Q

Amazon Aurora supports what instance class?

A

Burstable Performance

Memory Optimized

91
Q

Amazon Aurora Security

A
  • Aurora requires both authentication and permissions for users to access tables
  • IAM policies can be used to assign permissions to users
  • Security groups are used to control access to the database instance
92
Q

Core components of DynamoDb

A

Tables, Items, Attributes
Primary Key, Partition Key, Sort Key
Secondary Indexes - Global and Local
DynamoDB Stream - captures data modification events, near real time, order of occurrence
*Can have a table without an index, or have more than one index on a table

93
Q

Amazon Aurora Pricing Models

A

On Demand
Reserved
Serverless

94
Q

Amazon RDS Security

A
  • Amazon VPC is used to isolate your database from internet traffic
  • Connections to the database are secured using SSL
  • Security groups are used to control access to the database instance
95
Q

DynamoDB Security

A
  • IAM is used to manage credentials for DynamoDb

- Fully managed encryption at rest is supported

96
Q

Valid Capacity Models for DynamoDB

A

On Demand

Provisioned

97
Q

AWS is responsible for security ___ the cloud

A

OF
AWS Foundation Services: Compute, Storage, Database, Networking
AWS Global Infrastructure: Availability Zones, Regions, Edge Locations

98
Q

Customers are responsible for their security ____ the cloud

A

IN
Customer Data
Platform, Applications, IAM
Operations System, Network and Firewall configuration
Client Side Data Encryption; Server Side Data Encryption: Network Traffic Protection

99
Q

With EC2, AWS takes care of server infrastructure including network and storage. You are responsible for managing the database which includes….

A
  • scaling and capacity planning
  • implementing high availability and fault tolerance
  • database backups
  • database software patches
  • database software installs
  • operating system patches
100
Q

Which tool is required in a heterogenous database migration between on-premises Microsoft SQL Sever to Amazon Aurora MySQL?

A

AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)

101
Q

What determines the price for Lambda

A

Request pricing
- Free Tier: 1 million requests/month
- $0.20 per 1 million requests thereafter
Duration Pricing
- 400,000 GB-seconds per month free, up to 3.2 million seconds of compute time
- $0.000016667 for every GB-second used thereafter
Additional Charges
- You may incur additional charges if your Lambda function uses other AWS services or transfers data. For ex, if your lambda functions reads and writes data to or from S3,you will be billed for the read/write requests

102
Q

What determines price for EBS?

A

Volume (per GB)
Snapshots (per GB)
Data Transfer

103
Q

What determines price for S3?

A

Storage Class (Standard or IA or 1AZ IA etc)
Storage
Requests (GET,PUT,COPY)
Data Transfer

104
Q

What determines price for Glacier?

A

Storage

Data Retrieval Times

105
Q

What is Snowball?

A

AWS Snowball is a PB-scale data transport solution that uses secure appliances to transfer large amounts of data into and out of the AWS cloud.

106
Q

While pricing models vary across services, it’s worthwhile to review key principles and best practices that are broadly applicable.

A
  • Understand the fundamentals of pricing
  • Start early with cost optimization
  • Maximize the power of flexibility
107
Q

What determines the prices for Snowball?

A

Service fee per job
- Snowball 50TB $200
- Snowball 80TB $250
Daily Charge
- First 10 days are free, after that it’s $15/day
Data Transfer
- Data transfer in to S3 is free. Data transfer out is not.

108
Q

What determines the price for RDS?

A
  • Clock hours of server time
  • Database characteristics
  • Database purchase type
  • Number of database instances
  • Provisioned storage
  • Additional storage
  • Requests
  • Deployment Type
  • Data Transfer

AWS Cloud Practitioner (2 decks)

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