Exam prep Q's

Question 1

What does the ectoderm develop into?

Answer 1

The neural plate > skin, brain, nervous system.

Question 2

What does the mesoderm develop into?

Answer 2

Bones, muscles, heart, circulatory system.

Question 3

What does the endoderm develop into?

Answer 3

Organs.

Question 4

Meninges from superficial to deep:

Answer 4

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 5

The parts of the ventricular system and the order the fluid flows:

Answer 5

Choroid plexus > Later ventricles > 3rd > cerebral aquaduct > 4th

Question 6

The function of the Frontal lobe is:

Answer 6

Motor control, memory, problem solving, planning, language, judgement, social behaviour.

Question 7

The function of the Parietal lobe is:

Answer 7

Sensory input, goal directed movement, visual input, spatial awareness, mathematics.

Question 8

The function of the Occipital lobe is:

Answer 8

Vision, recognising words,

Question 9

The function of the Temporal lobe is:

Answer 9

Hearing, memory acquisition, selective attention, face recognition, verbalising seen objects, long-term memory, language comprehension, personality.

Question 10

Glial cells that make the myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS are called:

Answer 10

Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

What are astrocytes?

Answer 11

Most abundant glial cells in the brain.

They regulate the transmission of electrical impulses within the brain.

Question 12

What divides the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 12

The longitudinal fissure.

Question 13

What do association fibres connect?

Answer 13

Different cortical areas of the SAME hemisphere

Question 14

What do commisural fibres connect?

Answer 14

Different cortical areas of DIFFERENT hemispheres.

Question 15

What do projection fibres connect?

Answer 15

Cerebral cortex with subcortical BG, thalamus, Brainstem & spinal cord.

Question 16

Name the CN’s: Number, name, M/S/B

Answer 16

I Olfactory S
II Optic S
III Occulomotor M
IV Trochlear M
V Trigeminal B
VI Abducens M
VII Facial B
VIII Vestibulococchlear S 
IX Glossopharyngeal B
X Vagus B
XI Accessory M
XII Hypoglossal M

Question 17

Parts of the brainstem in descending order, GO!

Answer 17

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 18

Which CN’s are sensory and motor?

Answer 18

Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus.

Question 19

Where do the CN’s exit the brainstem?

Answer 19

3-4 > Midbrain
5-8 > Pons
9-12 > Medulla

Question 20

when lower motor neurons to a muscle are damaged what would you expect to see?

Answer 20

Muscle atrophy, Flaccidity, Hyporeflexia.

Question 21

The _______ area plays a major role in planning movements. It also guides the spatial and sensory movements.

Answer 21

Premotor area.

Question 22

Which cortex executes the motor comments?

Answer 22

Primary motor cortex.

Question 23

An adult with acquired apraxia of speech is likely to have difficulties with:

Answer 23

The selection, sequencing and regulation of motor plan.

Question 24

The cell bodies of upper motor neurons making up the lateral corticospinal tract are located in the:

Answer 24

Precentral gyrus.

Question 25

Neurons which form part of the CORTICOBRAINSTEM (corticobulbar) tract are located in the:

Answer 25

Face & head area of the homunculus.

Question 26

What am I? | I Facilitate mainly the lower motor neurons innervating muscles of back and trunk for postural and balance adjustments.

Answer 26

Medial UMN tracts.

Question 27

Experience-dependent plasticity is also referred to as...

Answer 27

Activity-dependent plasticity.

Question 28

Benefits of LSVT include:

Answer 28

Increased vocal effort in order to - enhance vocal fold closure loudness

Question 29

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 29

Receives input from the spinal cord about proprioception. Involved in determining the appropriate timing of muscle contractions. Involved in maintaining balance.

Question 30

A sensory receptor that detects possible tissue damage within its local environment is called a _______.

Answer 30

Nocireceptor

Question 31

The neuron of the spinothalamic tract that sends impulses from the receptor to the spinal cord grey matter is designated a .....

Answer 31

Primary order neuron

Question 32

What are the four types of somatosensations?

Answer 32

Pain, proprioception, touch, and temperature.

Question 33

According to Heiss and Thiel (2006) the ________________________ is associated with the lowest degree of spoken language recovery on their hierarchy:

Answer 33

reorganisation of function to homologous RH language areas

Question 34

The dorsal column pathway fibres travel in the ____ matter of the ____ _____

Answer 34

white matter | spinal cord

Question 35

The second order neuron of the spinothalamic tract is located in the _______ horn of the _____ cord

Answer 35

posterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 36

What are the 3 types of sensory tracts?

Answer 36

Divergent Unconscious relay Conscious relay

Question 37

Name the unconscious relay tract

Answer 37

Spinocerebellar

Question 38

What are the 2 types of conscious relay tracts?

Answer 38

Dorsal column/medial lemniscus | Spinothalamic

Question 39

What would damage to the dorsal colum/medial lemniscus tract cause?

Answer 39

Lack of proprioception | Lack of fine touch

Question 40

What does the Anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 40

Legs & feet Prefrontal cortex working memory

Question 41

What does the Medial cerebral artery supply?

Answer 41

``` Head, upper limbs & thoracic area hearing & language Frontal cortex Auditory broca's area wernicke's BG & internal capsule ```

Question 42

What does the PCA supply?

Answer 42

Inferior of temporal lobe inferior of parietal lobe occipital lobe

Question 43

What does the vertebral/basilar arteries supply?

Answer 43

Brainstem | cerebellum

Question 44

Difference between an ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 44

``` Ischaemic = Clot Haemorrhagic = Bleeding ```

Question 45

Type of haemorrhage when blood collects within brain tissue?

Answer 45

intracerebral

Question 46

Acronym to diagnose a stroke?

Answer 46

FAST (face, arm, speech, time)

Question 47

Function of the prefrontal association area?

Answer 47

``` Memory executive function motor decision making personality goals ```

Question 48

Parieto-temporal assocation area function?

Answer 48

hearing learning memory

Question 49

Limbic assocation area functions?

Answer 49

emotion | learning

Question 50

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 50

Choroid plexus