Exam Qs Flashcards
(25 cards)
Which of the following sugars uses UDP-Glucose in order to enter glycolysis?
Maltose
Glucose
Fructose
Mannose
Galactose
Galactose
Step-5 involves the conversion of all the molecules of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into:
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-1-phosphate
Glycerol-3-phosphate
Glycerol-2-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
In normal mitochondria, the rate of NADH consumption (oxidation) will:
be increased in active muscle, decreased in inactive muscle.
be very low if the ATP synthase is inhibited.
decrease if mitochondrial ADP is depleted.
decrease when cyanide is used to prevent electron transfer through the electron transport chain.
all of the above are true.
All of the above
Which of the following enzymes isn’t inhibited by ATP?
Hexokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Citrate synthase
Phosphofructokinase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Hexokinase
In familial hypercholesterolaemia which of the following lipoproteins is excessively high in the blood?
HDL
IDL
Chylomicron
VLDL
LDL
LDL
Select a step in lipogenesis that is common in adipocytes and in mucosal cells of the small intestine:
An acyl-CoA is added to 2-acylglycerol by acyltransferase to give diacylglycerol
A fatty acid is activated by ATP and coenzymeA to give an acyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA is added to 1 acyl G-3-P by 1 acyl G-3-P acyltransferase to yield phosphatidic acid
An acyl-CoA is added to G-3-P by G-3-P acyltransferase to yield 1 acyl G-3-P
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase removes a phosphate group from phosphatidic acid to yield diacylglycerol
A fatty acid is activated by ATP and coenzymeA to give an acyl-CoA
Entry of acetyl-CoA into the citric acid cycle is decreased when:
NADH is rapidly oxidized through the respiratory chain.
the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP] is low.
the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP] is high.
the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] is high.
none of the above are true.
the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP] is high.
Select a neutral fat in the following compounds.
alpha-Linoleic acid
Glycerol
Acetic acid
Omega-3 fatty acid
Triacylglycerol
Triaglycerol
Which of the following is NOT required for PCR?
Primers
Nucleotides
DNA
mRNA
Polymerase enzyme
mRNA
Which of the following substitution mutations is a transition mutation:
A to G
T to A
G to C
C to A
A to C
A to G
In McArdle’s disease how does a mutation to the Glycogen Phosphorylase gene affect the patient?
Muscle weakness and cramps
Hypoglycaemia
An enlarged liver
Hyperglycaemia
Lactate in the liver
Muscle weakess and cramps
Select a molecule that is NOT produced during the process of β-oxidation.
Acetyl CoA NADH NADPH FAD2H Acyl-CoA
NADPH
The methylated coding strand of DNA 5’-TACTG-3’ is treated with a deaminating agent. What might the complementary template strand look like after replication?
3’-ATGAC-5’
3’-GTGGC-5’
3’-ATAAC-5’
3’-TAGTG-5’
3’-TAUTG-5’
ATAAC
Phosphorylase catalyses:
The removal of phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate
The joining of UDP-glucose to glycogen
The conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate
The breaking of glycosidic bonds in glycogen
The phosphorylation of perilipin
The breaking of glycosidic bonds
Which of the following statements about energy conservation in the mitochondrion is false?
Drugs that inhibit the ATP synthase will lessen the flow of electrons down the chain of carriers.
For oxidative phosphorylation to occur, it is essential to have a closed membranous structure with an inside and an outside.
The yield of ATP per mole of oxidisable substrate depends on the substrate.
The activation of proton channels in brown adipose tissue “short circuits” the proton gradient thereby dissipating the proton motive force as heat.
The activation of proton channels in brown adipose tissue mitochondria will have the same effect on electron transfer as inhibitors such as cyanide that block electron transfer to oxygen.
The activation of proton channels in brown adipose tissue mitochondria will have the same effect on electron transfer as inhibitors such as cyanide that block electron transfer to oxygen.
What is the main advantage of using liposomes rather than viruses for gene therapy?
Very good gene expression
Can target cell types
Efficient DNA transfer
No retreatment needed
Non-toxic
Non-toxic
Where are chylomicrons synthesised?
In the absorptive cells of the intestinal lining (not in the liver)
Are double bonds in fatty acids usually trans or cis?
Cis
What are ketogenic amino acids? Give 2 examples.
Ketogenic AA are those that cannot be converted into glucose, instead they are converted into acetyl-CoA.
The 2 ketogenic amino acids are LYSINE and LEUCINE
Where is ATP Synthase located?
On the inner mitochondrial membrane
What activates perilipin?
PKA
Where does the conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate happen?
In the CYTOSOL
Where does the conversion of pyruvate to OAA happen?
In the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
How many NADH, FADH2, ATP and GTP does the TCA cycle produce?
4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP, 1 GTP
