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Chemistry C-3 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is water filters that removes hardness from water?

A

Ion exchange resin

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2
Q

Suggests why water filters used in homes contain particles of silver

A

Prevent growth of microbes

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3
Q

Why is distillation not usually an economic method to treat water for drinking?

A

High cost of energy

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4
Q

State one health benefit of hard water

A

Helps to develop

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5
Q

What evidence did Mendeleev use to decide that the alkali metals should be in the same group?

A

Similar properties

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6
Q

Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
In termed of protons

A

In order of atomic number

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7
Q

Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
In termed of electrons

A

Electrons in same group have same number of electrons in outer shell

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8
Q

State two properties of transition elements that make them more useful than alkali metals for making water pipes

A

Harder

Less reactive

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9
Q

Describe and explain the trend in activity of alkali metals

A

Reactivity increase down the group
Outer electron is further from the nucleus
Less attraction between outer electrons and nucleus
Therefore outer electron lost more easily

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10
Q

Give the name of a carbonate in scale

A

Calcium

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11
Q

Ethanoic acid is CH3COOH. What does this look like?

A 
H    O
      l     ll
 H-C - C
      l     l
     H    O-H
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12
Q

Explain why hydrochloric acid reacts faster than ethanoic acid

A

Because hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid

Which ionises more

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13
Q

Hydrochloric acid should jo the used to dissolve scale in kettles, why?

A

Corrasion

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14
Q

Why is a pressure lower than 200 atmospheres not used in the Harber process?

A

Lower yield

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15
Q

Explain how ammonia is separated from unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber process

A

Gases cooled

Ammonia liquified

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16
Q

What type of energy is release by hydrogen cells?

A

Electrical

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17
Q 
What colour is produced in fireworks when the chemical ... is used?
Barium chloride
Lithium carbonate
Sodium nitrate
Calcium sulphate
A

Barium chloride - green
Lithium carbonate - crimson
Sodium nitrate - yellow
Calcium sulphate - red

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18
Q

Describe the test to show that barium chloride coalition contains chloride ions

A

Add silver nitrate

White precipitate

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19
Q

What does …. indicate?
Blue pracipitate
White precipitate
Green precipitate

A

Blue precipitate - Copper ions
White precipitate - sulphate ions
Green precipitate - iron (II)

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20
Q

When lithium reacts with water:

What gas is produced?

A

Hydrogen

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21
Q

When lithium reacts with water:

Which ions cause the solution to be alkaline

A

Hydroxide

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22
Q

What are hue he differences you see between the reactions of potassium and lithium in water?

A

Reacts faster

Fizzes faster

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23
Q 
What is the chemical name of this alcohol?
     H    H
      l      l
 H-C - C - OH
      l     l
     H   H
A

Ethanol

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24
Q

The ethanoic acid is produced from the reactions between ethanol and … This type of reaction is ….

A

Oxygen

Oxidation

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25
H O H H H l ll l l l H-C - C - O - C - C - C - H l l l l H H H H What functional group for this series on the display structure of propyl ethanoate?
O ll - C - O -
26
H O H H H l ll l l l H-C - C - O - C - C - C - H l l l l H H H H Name the series of organic compounds with this functional group
Esters
27
The alcohol used to make propyl ethanoate has the formula CH3CH2CH2OH Name this alcohol
Propanol
28
Describe how an ion exchange softens water
Calcium ions in water Replaced by Sodium ions in resin
29
An ion exchange is used for a few weeks | Sodium chloride solution now needs to be passed through the ion exchange colum, why?
To replenish sodium ions
30
Pros and cons for water companies adding chlorine to sterilise water
For: prevents disease Cons: poisons
31
A test for sodium ions and potassium ions, and results?
Place in a simple flame Sodium - yellow flame Potassium - lilac flame
32
It is difficult to identify potassium ions when ions are present, why?
Difficult to see 2 colours
33
Describe how the student would test a solution of the low sodium salt for chloride ions
Acidify with nitric acid Add silver nitrate solution White precipate
34
Describe how the student could confirm that the low sodium salt contains magnesium ions and not aluminium ions
Add excess sodium hydroxide | Aluminium ions dissolve
35
Describe how the student could confirm that the low sodium salt does not contain calcium ions
Place in a simple flame | Flame don't go red
36
How does chlorine make water safe to drink?
Sterilises
37
The amount of chlorine in swimming pool water should be carefully monitored and controlled, why?
Chlorine is toxic, so too much is dangerous as it causes breathing difficulties, but too little will not kill bacteria
38
Developing countries are likely to choose as their method of making water safe to drink, why?
Cheap Easy Quick to use
39
Why should people from all political parties be presented when a government is setting up an enquiry into the safety of using chlorine?
Fair
40
Why is tho pinioned if a well respected scientist might the outcome of any discussion when a government is setting up an enquiry into the safety of using chlorine?
More Lilly to have support
41
In terms of ionisation, what is meant by the word strong?
Fully ionised
42
You are given solutions of sodium hydroxide and ammonia of the same concentration. Describe and give the result of a test to show that sodium hydroxide is a stronger alkali than ammonia solution
Full range indicator | NaOH has a higher pH
43
Describe the test for sodium ions
Test: nitrate chloride Result: white ppt
44
Describe how sodium hydroxide can show alumnus ions
White ppt | Ppt dissolves in excess
45
How did Mendeleev know that there must be undiscovered elements and how did he take this into account when he designed his periodic table?
Left gaps | If placed consecutively, then elements would be in wrong group
46
Describe how the discovery of protons and electrons allowed chemists to place elements in their correct order and correct group
Elements placed in atomic number order Elements in same group have same number of outer electrons Nos of protons - nos of electrons
47
Transition elements have similar properties, explain why in terms if electronic structure
Transition elements usually have same nos of outer shell electrons
48
There are no transition elements between the Group 2 elements magnesium and the Group 3 element aluminium, why?
2nd she'll can only have max. 8 electrons
49
What is meant be activation energy?
Minimum amount of energy needed to start of the reaction
50
Explain, in terms of Brønsted and Lowry's idea, why amino ethanoic acid behaves as: An acid when it reacts with sodium hydroxide
As an acids it has lost a proton | This proton is a H+
51
Explain, in terms of Brønsted and Lowry's idea, why amino ethanoic acid behaves as: A base when it reacts with hydrochloric acid
As a base it has gained a proton
52
Name an indicator used for weak acid-strong alkali titrations
Phenolphthalein
53
Describe one method that people can use at home to improve the taste and quality of the tap water supplied
Use of water ion exchange Contains silver resins Silver kills microorganisms ion exchange removes hardness
54
Test for carbonate ions
Hydrochloric acid | Carbon dioxide
55
Suggest why it is difficult to identify both potassium and sodium ions in Low Sodium Salt using a flame test
Flame colour of Na and flame of k mix with each other
56
In an energy level diagram which is endo and which is exo?
Endo start low ends high | Exo starts high ends low
57
Describe the process involved in the water cycle
Evaporation By the sun Condensation
58
Name an ion that cause water to be hard
Calcium ion
59
Describe how the ions which make water hard get into the water
Contact with rocks | In so dissolved
60
How does sodium carbonate makes hard water?
Ions replaced and forms precipitate
61
What are the two main steps used to treat water from reservoirs?
Filter-to remove insoluble particles Add chlorine-to reduce the number of microbes

Chemistry C-3 (7 decks)

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