Exam Questions Flashcards by Isabel Woods

Give a reason why the carbon compounds produced are different

Incomplete combustion

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Why is sulfur dioxide produced in a petrol engine?

Sulfur impurities react with oxygen in the air

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Many scientists are concerned about the carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels such as petrol

Because CO2 causes global warming and sea level rises causes flooding

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Why does the government and people often ignore scientists’ predictions of an earthquake?

Not to cause panic and worry
Not much they can do
Not always right, exact time or how severe

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What is Wegener mean by continental drift?

All continents started together over time they have slowly mover apart and still are

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The atomic umber of an atom is the number of….

Protons

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The mass number an atom is the number of ….

Protons and neutrons the nucleus

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Titanium is more expensive than iron, why?

More stages

More energy required to extract

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The air is removed from Reactor 2. An atmosphere of argon is used for the reaction between titanium chloride and magnesium metal, why?

Argon is un reactive

If it was air then oxygen would react with the magnesium

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Steps for fractional distillation

The crude oil is heated to 350oC
Most of the compounds I. The Crüe oil evaporate
Any liquids flow down to the boot, of the column and the hot vapour ride up the column
When the hot vapour rise up the colum, the vapours cool
When a fraction in the vapour cools to its boiling point, the fraction condenses
The condensed fraction is separated and flows out through a pipe

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Name two substances produced when poly(ethene) burns in the air

Carbon dioxide

Water

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What is always given of in complete combustion?

Carbon dioxide

Water

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Why has the percentage of CO2 decrease in the Earth’s early atmospher?

Plants photosynthesis

Dissolved in oceans

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Miller and Urey used methane, ammonia and hydrogen for the Earth’s early atmospher, why?

The gases contain the elements which are needed for making amino acids

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Miller and Urey’s experiment provides only weak evidence of how amino acids formed on earth, why?

It was an assumption, not now for a fact

Don’t know there was defiantly lightning

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Calcium reacts with … To produce calcium carbonate

Water

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Calcium hydroxide reacts with … to produce calcium carbonate

CO2

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Buildings made of limestone are affected b the products from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, why?

Sulfur reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide
Acid rain produces from sulfur dioxide
Erodes buildings

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Why may a gold ring not be made of 100% gold?

To soft

To expensive

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Carbon dioxide is one if the main gases in the mixture of gases coming out of th kiln, why?

CO2 from limestone when combustion

Methane when burned produces CO2

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What is he orientate of nitrogen in the air?

78%

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Why does the mixture in the simple salad dressing separate?

They are immiscible

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Mustard in the french salad dressing gasps molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Explain why the french salad (contain olive oil and visiter) does not separate

Mustard is an emulsifier
Head - hydrophilic
Tail - hydrophobic

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What is the test for unsaturated fats?

Bromide water

Orange to colourless if unsaturated

How do you harden vegetable oil?

Nickel catalyst used Hydrogen reacts with the olive oil Reaction at 60oC

In an equation of cracking hydrocarbons what do you always have to give?

C4H10

What is seen when sugar solution and yeast are fermented?

Fizzing

Why does aluminium react with iron oxide?

Because it is more reactive than iron so displacement takes place

Copper is extracted from ores containing a low percentage of copper compounds, why?

Very little of high grade ores | High demand

Why is it difficult to dispose of waste rock?

Waste rock takes a lot of space

Why is the extraction of pure copper expensive?

Large amounts of one ore to be mined | Many extraction stages

What is used in phytomining to remove copper compounds from the land?

Plants are used to absorbed the copper compounds and are later burnt

What type of reaction releases energy from a fuel

Exothermic

Ways of make alcohol from plants and their pros and cons

Fermented Plants (with sugar like sugar canes) + yeast ---------------> alcohol Pros: renewable Cons: long, takes up land High temperature Steam + ethene ----------------------------> alcohol Pros: less energy Cons: ethene = crude oil which is unrenewable, high temp needed so more energy

Why are new ways if extracting copper being researched?

Low high grade ore | Reduce environmental impact

3 ways to produce copper metals from its compound

Smelting (bio leaching + photosynthesis) Reduction Electrolysis

Properties of transition metals

Strong Malleable Good conducted

Problem with poor metals e.g gold

Too soft

Properties of aluminium

Malleable Not corrosive Low density

Properties titanium

Many stages Low high grade ores Large amount of energy Cannot be extracted by carbon

Why should we recycle iron or steel?

Reduce energy Less expensive Reduce waste

Methods of smelting:

Bioleaching | Photomining

Two fuels which are rentable

Ethanol | Biodiesel

When alkanes are burnt what do they give of?

Burns to produce carbon and water

What does complete combustion of ethanol produce?

Carbon dioxide and water

What is released when hydrogen and oxygen is released?

Only produces water

Give two reasons why fraction from crude oil are cracked

More uses as fuels | To make alkenes

What is ethanol

Type of alcohol same two ways to produce alcohol

Suggest three ways of reducing the problems of plastic rubbish

Adding cornstarch Biodegradable polymers Recycle

What type of fuels are produced from vegetable oils?

Biofuels

Outline a method you could use to separate some oil from seeds

Crush seeds Press seeds Collect liquid Separate oil from water

Reaction of hydrate vegetable oils

Hydrogen 60oC Nickel catalyst

Process of photomining

Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots. They concentrate these compounds as a result of this. The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the copper compounds. This method of extraction is called phytomining.

What is the process of bioleaching?

Some bacteria absorb copper compounds. They then produce solutions called leachates, which contain copper compounds. This method of extraction is called bioleaching.

What is smelting?

Copper can be extracted from these ores by heating them in a furnace, a process called smelting

Blast furnace:

To make iron Iron oxide + carbon -----> iron + carbon dioxide Or Iron oxide + carbon monoxide ---> iron + carbon dioxide

What is hydrophilic?

Head | Loves water

What is hydrophobic

Tail | Hates water