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Embryology/Histology Exam 1 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

reicherts

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2
Q

structures from which the tongue muscles arise

A

occipital somites

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3
Q

Summarize the 6 main functions of inner dental epithelium through its life cycle

A
  1. MORPHOGENESIS - establish crown pattern
  2. HISTODIFFERENTIATION - differentiates into ameloblasts
  3. Active secretion of enamel matrix, wherein they develop TOME’S PROCESSES
  4. Short translational phase leading to MATURATION PHASE
  5. exhibit MODULATION - ruffle ended cells allow incorporation of inorganic material, smooth ended cells allow exit of proteins and water
  6. PROTECTIVE PHASE - newly formed enamel is protected until it erupts
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4
Q

period comprising weeks 1-8 of prenatal development

A

embryo

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5
Q

origin of spinal ganglia

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

palate that appears before head lifts away from thorax

A

primary

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7
Q

carotid artery supplying face before week 7

A

internal

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8
Q

Summarize mineralization (3)

A
  1. Cells secrete enamel proteins that immediately participate in mineralization to generate enamel that is 30% MINERALIZED
  2. Once enamel thickness is formed and structured, it acquires a lot more mineral coincident with bulk removal of enamel proteins and water to form a unique layer that is 95% MINERAL
  3. Step #2 is under complex CELLULAR CONTROL and associated morphological changes include MODULATION
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9
Q

located at the tail end

A

caudal

“cauda equina”

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10
Q

type of mesoderm from which trunk muscles develop

A

paraxial mesoderm

Also:
muscles of entire body
bones of most of body (not head)
dermis
pharyngeal arches
CT
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11
Q

Reciprocal induction

A

At the beginning of hard tissue formation (APPOSITION - deposition of hard tissue)

for dentinogenesis and amelogenesis to take place normally, differentiating odontoblasts and ameloblats will recieve signals from eachother

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12
Q

membrane separating mouth and pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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13
Q

period comprising weeks 9-40 of prenatal development

A

fetus

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14
Q

nerve supplying muscles of tongue

A

hypoglossal

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15
Q

Where are Tome’s processes located

A

At the apical end of ameloblasts

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16
Q

portion of adrenal gland derived from lateral plate mesoderm

A

cortex

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17
Q

muscles performing this task are derived from the first pharyngeal arch

A

mastication

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18
Q

signaling structure formed in week 2 of development

A

notochord

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19
Q

pituitary lobe derived from the floor of the developing brain (neuroectoderm)

A

posterior

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20
Q

nerve supplying the PA from which the muscles of facial expression are derived

A

facial

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21
Q

Segments of hindbrain

A

rhombomeres

“rhombus”

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22
Q

pituitary lobe derived from oral ectoderm

A

anterior

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23
Q

solid ball of cells

A

morula

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24
Q

type of mesoderm from which urogenital system develops

A

intermediate

*The only thing intermediate mesoderm turns into

25
intermediate structure which deveops into the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ tongue
hypopharyngeal eminence
26
neural crest cells adj to rhombomere 8 migrate to this pharyngeal arch
four
27
a place where two bones are fused/connected by an immovable joint
symphysis
28
pair of parathyroid glands derived from the third pharyngeal pouch
inferior parathyroid | also thymus
29
process by which all 3 germ layers are formed
gastrulation
30
secondary cartilage of mandible that remains present until late teens, and is important for mandibular growth
condylar
31
ear bone fromed from meckel's cartilage
incus | malleus
32
muscles developing from the first pharyngeal arch
mastication (temporal, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoids) ``` Also: mylohyoid anterior digastric tensor tympani tensor veli palatini ```
33
intermediate structures which develop into most of the mucosa of the anterior ⅔ tongue
lingual swellings
34
portion of upper lip formed by the fusion of the maxillary process and medial nasal process
lateral
35
transient, short lived structure derived from second pharyngeal arch
copula
36
cartilage of 1st pharyngeal arch
meckel's
37
future mouth
stomatodeum "stoma"
38
Rod sheath
Organic sheath between rod and interrod enamel - accumulation of organic matrix
39
layer in bilaminar disk that sits under epiblast
hypoblast
40
palate that completes its formation after the head lifts away from the thorax
secondary
41
contains embryoblast, trophoblast, and primary yolk sac
blastocyst
42
type of mesoderm from which the heart develops
lateral plate mesoderm heart, blood, lymph, spleen, adrenal cortex, CT, serous membranes, pharyngeal arches
43
foramen from which thyroid begins its descent into the neck
cecum
44
nerve supplying small, dorsal part of the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ tongue
vagus
45
In the morphogenetic part of the presecretory phase of amelogenesis, what 4 things are of note?
1. cells change from cuboidal to low columnar 2. nucleaus moves centrally 3. poorly defined golgi 4. CELLS CAN STILL DIVIDE
46
secondary cartilage aiding growth of maxilla
zygomatic
47
process which fuse to form the middle portion of the upper lip
medial nasal processes
48
process by which the mandible and maxilla develop
intramembranous ossification
49
nerve supplying most of the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ of tongue
glossopharyngeal
50
skin derived from this germ cell layer
ectoderm Also: hair, nails, mammary glands, anterior pituitary, lens of eye, inner ear, ENAMEL
51
source of all 3 germ layers
epiblast
52
secondary cartilage of mandible that appears at anterior ends of mecke's cartilage and disappears in first year of life
symphysial
53
carotid artery supplying face after week 7
external
54
mesoderm units adjacent to future spinal cord
somites mite = might = lift with your BACK
55
mesoderm units in head and neck region
somatomeres "somatosensory" "soma" = brain of a cell
56
located at the head end
rostral
57
does meckels cartilage turn into the mandible
no
58
1 of 2 processes developing from the first pharyngeal arch
maxillary and mandibular processes
59
secondary cartilage of mandible that doesn't do much and disappears before birth
coronoid

Embryology/Histology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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