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Incubation of egg > Exam questions > Flashcards

Exam questions Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

How many grams a typical goose egg?

A

144 g

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2
Q

How many grams a typical turkey egg?

A

66-110 g

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3
Q

How many grams a typical hen egg?

A

50-70 g

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4
Q

How many grams a typical ostrich egg?

A

1100-1950 g (avarage: 1600 g)

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5
Q

How many grams a typical duck egg?

A

70 g

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6
Q

What is the optimal sex ratio in layer parental flock?

A

8-9 males per 100 females

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7
Q

What is the optimal sex ratio in broiler parental flock?

A

8-9 males per 100 females

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8
Q

Which are the requested inner characteristics of a brood egg?

A
  • Egg needs to be fertile
  • Not too far developed
  • Needs to be kept fresh and properly stored
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9
Q

How does the pathogens inside of egg?

A

Deep egg shell/ egg membrane contamination

Egg yolk contamination (vertical transmission)

“Sweating”

Hair cracks and poor shells

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10
Q

What is a chalaza and its function?

A

To suspend the yolk in the center of the albumen (layers of albumen)

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11
Q

How is the colour of yolk influenced?

A

By the diet of the bird

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12
Q

What is the meat spot?

A

(Blood Spot) caused by the rupture of a vessel on the yolk when it is being formed

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13
Q

Denote few disinfectants used in a hatchery?

A

Most Common:

  • Formaldehyde
  • Formaldehyde+water (formalin)

Alternatives:

  • Peracetic acid and Hydrogen
  • Peroxide (h2o2)
  • Ozon (o3)
  • Quaternary Ammonium
  • Wofasteril
  • Virkon
  • Chlorine containing detergents
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14
Q

Where is the optimal position of air cell during store?

A

Eggs stored LESS than 10 days: place them in egg flats or cartons with large end up.

Eggs stored MORE than 10 days: position them with large end down.

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15
Q

Where is the optimal position of air cell during incubation?

A

Between the outer and inner membrane at the egg’s larger end.

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16
Q

What are the components of egg shell?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

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17
Q

What causes the colour of the yolk?

A

The breed and feed of the hen

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18
Q

How pathogens get inside the egg?

A

deep egg shell/ membrane = contamination

egg yolk contamination = vertical transmission

Sweating

Hair cracks and poor shell

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19
Q

What kind of temperature is optimal for washing water?

Study These Flashcards
A

42-45 degrees celcius

20
Q

What kind of humidity is optimal in case of long storage?

21
Q

How many times a day should the egg be rotated during storage?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rotated from side to side over a 90-degree angle each day

but eggs do not have to be turned if they will be incubated within 1 week of being laid

22
Q

How does pre-incubation work?

Study These Flashcards
A

To apply 3 to 6 hours of incubation during the first days of storage to maintain hatchability as storage decreases it.

(eggs need to be heated up to right temperature and cooled down after)

23
Q

What kind of humidity is optimal in case of long storage?

24
Q

Should the fowl eggs be washed before placing them into incubation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Yes every type of egg should be washed before incubation

25
What kind of temperature is optimal for washing water?
42-45 °C
26
What types of detergents are used for what purpose?
Foam versus non-foam detergents Formaldehyde is commonly used, but not in the 4 first days of incubation → embryonic death Formaldehyde + water = formalin (37-40%)
27
Should the hen eggs be disinfected before placing them into incubation? If yes, what time?
Should be disinfected prior to setting, | shortly after laying (optional)
28
What are the disinfectants used in the hatchery (according to their chemical composition)?
Formaldehyde (commonly used) | Formalin (37-40%)
29
What are the criteria for selecting a disinfectant?
- Safe to use - No negative effect on hatchability or chick quality - Good disinfection results - Reach entire surface - Sufficient capacity
30
For how long does the incubation period last in case of layer/broiler hen eggs?
21 days
31
For how long does the incubation period last in case of hen eggs?
21 days
32
For how long does the incubation period last in case of ostrich eggs?
42 days
33
For how long does the incubation period last in case of Muscovy duck?
35-37 days
34
For how long does the incubation period last in case of duck eggs?
28 days
35
For how long does the incubation period last in case of goose eggs?
28-34 days
36
Which is the optimal incubation temperature in case of hen eggs?
37-39 *C
37
How many times a day should the egg be rotated during incubation?
5 (?)
38
From which day does the heart begin to beat in embryo?
Day 3
39
What does embryo diagnosis mean?
A systematic approach to solving hatchability and chick quality problems by routinely analyzing incubating eggs in an organized, scheduled way for problems during embryogenesis
40
How much is the hatchability in hen species?
85%
41
Forms of vaccination methods
``` Injection - in ovo - intra muscular (i.m.) - sub cutaneous (s.c.) Eye drop Per os Spray- coarse-250microns ```
42
Against what diseases use vaccinations during incubation (in ovo)
ND, IB, MD (?)
43
Against what diseases should it vaccinate at transferring eggs to the hatcher trays and just after hatching
?
44
Which diseases are abbreviated to MD, ND, IB, IBD?
``` Mareks disease (MD) Newcastle disease (ND) Infectious bronchitis (IB) Infectious bursal disease (IBD/Gumboro) ```
45
What is the vitality (reflex)?
The 'reflex' of the day-old chick is a general description of the chick's vitality. The chick is vital if it turns immediately (within seconds) from lying on its back to standing on its feet (score=0). If this action takes more than three seconds, the chick scores one point for reflex (score = 1).
46
What does the Pasgar @ Score rating take into account?
Criteria involving: - Vitality - Thickness of Belly - Naval (should be closed) - Legs ( normal colour and not swollen) - Beak (clean)
47
What are the methods for sexing of one-day old chickens?
Vent sexing, feather sexing

Incubation of egg (1 decks)

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