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MAOR102 Readings for exam > Exam Readings > Flashcards

Exam Readings Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Unit of in Maori Society

A

Whanau

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2
Q

Wharepuni?

A

sleeping houses

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3
Q

papakainga?

A

communal village settlement

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4
Q

cooking and eating was done where and why?

A

katua - taking food to sleeping place was violation of tapu.

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5
Q

function of whanau

A

procreation and nurture of children.

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5
Q

who was most influential for mokopuna

A

probably grandparents or kaumatua and kuia rather than parents.

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6
Q

kaumatua

A

elders

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7
Q

kuia

A

female elders

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8
Q

a house which stands alone

A

is food for fire

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9
Q

hapu

A

sub-tribe. after generations of growth a whanau could become a hapu

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10
Q

requirements for hapu

A

a leader with mana derived from founding ancestors through whakapapa, diplomacy skills, fighting prowess and ability to strengthen hapu through marriage.

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11
Q

whanau had its own workforce in all aspects except

A

defence

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12
Q

what needs to happen for hapu to adopt name of founding leader through the clan

A

a hapus turangawaewae in realtion to others needed to be established

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13
Q

ngati, nga, aitanga are prefixes that mean

A

people or descended from

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14
Q

Te whanau in a subtribe is sometimes used

A

to indicate the hapu was derived from an extended family. e.g Te whanau a Apanui or Ruatuapare

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15
Q

hapu size range

A

200-300

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16
Q

symbol of hapu?

A

first used to be chiefs house but that was replaced by wharenui (large carved ancestral home)

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17
Q

compared to social unit (whanau) a hapu was

A

a political unit that controlled a defined stretch of territory. water- sea, ocean ,rivers, lakes included.

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18
Q

viability of a hapu dependeny on

A

capability of holding and defending its territory from others.

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19
Q

what happened when a hapu got too big?

A

it split off with under a teina - junior brother who took his followers and established his own whanau which could later become a hapu

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20
Q

politicla function of hapu compared to whanau

A

hapu was able to defend itself and maintain allies with other hapu

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21
Q

iwi - tribe

A

largest group -

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22
Q

what are iwi composed of?

A

related hapu from a common ancestor.

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23
Q

what ancestors were used for iwi

A

canoe ancestors or someone who had great mana.

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24
iwi was at its most effective -
when defending tribal territory from enemy tribes.
25
largest social grouping of Maori society was
waka! a loose federation of tribes based on ancestral canoes from 14th century.
26
internal social ranking of iwi and hapu
Rangatira - Chiefs Tutua - Commoners Taurekareka - Slaves
27
on what was rank and leadership based
on seniority of descent from founding ancestors.
28
Rangatira - who was the head
Ariki - first born in senior male line. his brothers were rangatira
29
ariki taipura
oldest female from senior line
30
ariki respected for
mana, tapu, ihi and wiehi
31
ariki taipura respected for
tapu, ceremonial functions, custodian of some rituals,
32
how could ariki increase or diminish their status
increase - war prowess, generous behaviour to his people, wise rule. diminished - mean behaviour, unwise rule.
33
Puhi Maiden
title of virgin princess - sometimes given to chiefs daughter.
34
How did taurekareka come to be? what did they do
slaves taken into captivity after defeat in war. did menial tasks and some were taken as wives/husbands/concubines. thought to add production value to their 'master'. children on taurekareka and 'masters' were born free people.
35
taurekareka who lost favour of their 'master'
could be killed and consumed at any time.
36
tohunga
expert in field
37
tohunga-moko
epxert in tattoo
38
tohunga tarai waka
canoe- builder
39
tohunga hanga whare
house builder
40
tohunga whakakairo
carver
41
tohunga ahurewa
preists
42
tohunga matuku
shaman
43
tohunga matuku and ahurewa were taught in own
whare wanaga - schoold of learning
44
tohunga met in the winter months at a whare wanaga for
up to seven years. they learned many chants for every situation and had to learn white magic - command elements and call on supernatural forces
45
how did tohunga graduates prove themselves?
by blasting mauri (life force) of a plant or tree or killing a bird in flight by the power of karakia alone.
46
tohunga makutu were seen as
rejects - feared for their knowledge of dark magic - ability to hurt and kill. tolerated as seen as necessary. taught at whare maire - school of dark magic
47
Tawhiki myth stated
injuctions of superior must be obeyed under threat of death and breaking law of tapu was death
48
social control in maori society was maintained by
interlocking system of - rank, mana, utu, and spiritual beliefs pertaining to tapu
49
Tapu was? came from ?
spiritual force that came from celestial realm of the gods.
50
Dimensions of Tapu
Sacredness, prohibition and uncleanliness.
51
objects without tapu
Noa - common and profane and could be handled freely.
52
sacred tapu
people of rank, places of worship and ancestral homes.
53
tapu in the prohibited sense
applied to pursuits like carving. women and children were forbidden from going near tohunga whakairo while they were at work.
54
Tapu in the unclean sense (w. examples)
applied to women who when on their periods couldn't garden or do things related to food. for tohunga moko, applied wehre they shed blood of other due to their craft and thus could not touch food - had to be fed by attendent
55
1858 English Laws Act - what it meant essentially.
Laws of England were applicable to NZ
56
what alien idea did the 1858 english laws act lend itself to
that land was property. separation of tangata from whenua - Maori as people of the land did not have this distinction.
57
Maori kaitiakitanga values
interests of the land - obligations, sustainability and nurture are key with the knowledge that the good of the people will follow this.
58
Te Tiriti
signed at Waitangi on 6 feb 1940
59
issues with ti tiriti o waitangi and english treaty
differences in definitions of words like sovreignty, kawangatanga (governance) and te tino rangatira-tanga (full authority / sovereignty
60
What did the Waitangi Tribunal find?
Maori chiefs did not cede their sovereignity, their authority to make and enforce laws for thier people/territory. they agreed to share authority with the governer.
61
te tai ao
state of the environment
62
Suppression Rebellion act of 1863
enabled Maori to be punished for rebelling against crown.
63
New Zealand settlements act of 1863
confiscated 3 million acres from those thought to be rebelling.
64
Native Land Act of 1865
removed the law that all maori land had to be sold to the crown, not to people.
65
Governor Grey flour and sugar policy
grants and loans only given to those who supported his government and were willing to sell land
66
Three categories of Maori Land
Customary, Freehold and Reserved
67
Maori Freehold Land
is the most important. 1.4 million acres across 5% of NZ is Maori freehold land. (obtained through treaty settlements)
68

MAOR102 Readings for exam (1 decks)

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