Exam References Flashcards
(34 cards)
Thompson & Nicoll
1986
Metatherian & Eutherian BMR variation
respirometry in Opossum and Elephant shrew
eutherian 30% higher BMR
facilitate higher reproductive output
Tilkens et al.
2007
Support Allen’s rule: limbs smaller w/ lower temp
human volunteers
longer leg = higher RMR
Neanderthal short limbs; bad for walking good for thermoregulation
McNab
1979
Fossorial mammals dont conform to Bergmann’s
lit data + energetics from 4 fossorial mammals
BMRs lower than expected
adaptions to high burrow temps
existing sp. limited geographical distribution
Porter & Kearney
2009
Intergrated shape into Bergmann’s
Bergmann=body size increases with temp
create model incl. shape & fur
predict TNZ more accurately
BUT shapes discrete categories
Shrestha et al.
2014
Heat dissipation depends on SA:V
S.Africa, activity data logger
Eland activity -tivly correlates w/ temp all year
Impala only correlates in summer: greater SA:V
exacerbated by climate change?
Cooper & Withers
2014
Maintenance of EWL
ash grey mice, Australia
under heliox = x1.6 heat loss
respirometry, maintained constant EWL
But: n=8, other sp, research sensory/control systems
Hacklander et al.
2003
Cost of reproductive supression
Alpine Marmots, Germany
live traps, marked (tattoo/dye)
reproductive sucsess decreased as no. subs increased
costly to dom female
Flemming
1971
Advantage of developmental delay
Panama Neotropical bats
dissection of 450
blastocysts implant, remain dormant sept-nov
implantation coincides with peaks in rainfall
Huchard et al.
2012
Advantage of polyandry
captive grey mouse lemurs
healthly females more promiscuous
favoured over precoupulatory mate choice
confuse paternity? infanticide defence?
But: captive not wild, ethical?
Opperbeck et al.
2012
Infanticide increases with male turnover
bank voles, controlled field study
juvenile recruitment decreased w/ increased male turnover in low densities
in high densities, females defend better?
But: n=small, test has low power
Gale et al.
2003
Response to novel male
house mice
bruce effect only early in pregnancy
late exposure= growth of offspring slower while weaning
alter investment/counter to infanticide
research: wild pop.’s
Brilliant & Terhune
1996
Group predator avoidance
Harbour seal vigilance
decreased over time since haul-out and with increasing group size
But: couldn’t ID so duplicates? couldn’t measure when seals scanned without raising heads
Schradin et al.
2010
Reproductive competition drives solitary living
African striped mice, S.Africa
radio collars & ear tags, 8yrs
breeding season= all solitary living if no. of territories not limiting (female infanticide/aggression)
Post-breeding= all group living (thermo reg. predator avoidance)
Cvikel et al.
2015
Sociality improves bat foraging
mini GPS ultrasound recorder
bats activly aggregate compared to model
in eavesdropping range 41% of time
jamming when density too high: stop attacking, resume 5s later= sensory trade-off
But: n=12 Research: other sp. birds?
Funk et al.
1998
Fitness benefits of group living
Red fox, Bristol, ear tags/radio collars, 6 groups
more stayed than dispersed
yet dispersal= more likely to become dom
subs gained fitness benefits?/behaviour manipulated by doms
But: what happened to dispersed? Research: non-urban
Hebblewhite & Pletscher
2002
Effect of group size on predation
Canada, Elk & Wolves, radio collars/areial surveys
encountered larger groups more & made more kils
increase in attacks offset by dilution
intermediate sized groups- dilution not strong enough
But: aerial surveys biased against small groups
Brown et al.
2014
Skunk vax for rabies
captive skunks, vax in bait
100% showed antibody response
didn’t contract when exposed
Research: wild pop.’s
Plowright et al.
2015
Ecology of bat virus spill-over
Ebola/Hendra/Nipah virus/MMR
different immune system (flight)
culling: stress=more shedding, increased birth rate
Research: controlled experiments manipulation eg. delay horse acsess to bat excreta, temp
Leyrey
2005
Fruit bats reservoirs for Ebola
Congo, trapping
>1000 captured, tested for Ebola
3 bat sp. viral RNA in organs & immune response
all have broad ranges
Abbot et al.
2012
Sylvatic plague vax
dust burrows w/ insecticide= labour intensive, kills other insects, resistance, y. pestis survival in soil
vaccine laden baits
effective control
Hanson et al.
2007
Prairie dogs host plague
N.America, fleas from 55 burrows
analysed DNA for plague genomes
63% +tive yet no evidence for epizootic?
prairie dogs=host reservoir OR poor vector to host transfer OR immunity
Tuyttens et al.
2000
Spatial organisation of badgers
bait-marking/mark-recapture/radio tracking
post cull: badgers use latrines further from sets, overlapping ranges
But: badger TB was reduced to 0 yet further infections in nearby cattle?
Griffin
2005
Badger culls reduce TB
4 areas of Ireland
reduction of cattle TB in all areas
But: no ‘no-cull’ control area
more efficient method, result may be due to greater reduction of density
Donnelly et al.
2003
Badger culls increase TB
large field trial, compared cull & no cull areas, 10 yrs
1.86% increase in cattle TB
But: other factors probably contribute yet cull had no positive effect
