exam review

Question 1

what is the job of the mitochondria

Answer 1

generates ATP/produces energy

Question 2

what is the job of the nucleus

Answer 2

cells control center (regulates cells activities)

Question 3

what is the job of the cytoplasm

Answer 3

protects cell from damage

Question 4

what is the job of the ribosomes

Answer 4

collects proteins/amino acids

Question 5

what is the job of the cell membrane

Answer 5

protects/organizes cell

Question 6

what is the job of the vacuole

Answer 6

• disposal of harmful waste
• storage of salts, minerals, and proteins

Question 7

what is the job of the lysosomes

Answer 7

breaks down fats so they can be absorbed in the intestines

Question 8

what is the job of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

produces proteins allowing proper cell function

Question 9

state one organelle only found in plants

Answer 9

cell wall

Question 10

state one organelle only found in animals

Answer 10

lysosomes

Question 11

how do photosynthesis & cellular respiration work together?

Answer 11

photosynthesis produces glucose which is then used in cellular respiration to make ATP

Question 12

state the formula for photosynthesis

Answer 12

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H1206 + 602

(6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2)

Question 13

state the formula for cellular respiration

Answer 13

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

(O2 + glucose –> H2O + CO2 + ATP)

Question 14

what is active transport

Answer 14

during active transport, molecules move from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration

Question 15

state 3 types of active transport

Answer 15

1. ion pumps
2. endocytosis
3. exocytosis

Question 16

state the ion pump process

Answer 16

used to bring substances into the cell and remove others from the cell

Question 17

state the endocytosis process

Answer 17

traps particle/substance away from external environment
**known as cellular drinking

Question 18

state the exocytosis process

Answer 18

vesicles fuse with plasma membrane releasing contents to outside of cell

Question 19

what is passive transport

Answer 19

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy

Question 20

state 3 types of passive transport

Answer 20

1. osmosis
2. simple diffusion
3. facilitated diffusion

Question 21

state the osmosis process

Answer 21

movement of water/molecules
solution with a higher concentration of water to solution with lower

Question 22

state the simple diffusion process

Answer 22

concentrated particles spread out through a semi-permeable membrane to a lower concentration

Question 23

state the facilitated diffusion process

Answer 23

moves from a higher concentration to low using a protein channel in the membrane

Question 24

osmosis vs diffusion

Answer 24

osmosis = diffusion of water across a membrane

diffusion = movement of particles from higher –> lower concentration

Question 25

similarity between osmosis & diffusion

Answer 25

- both move down a concentration gradient - neither require ATP (energy)

Question 26

what are enzymes/why are they needed?

Answer 26

enzymes = proteins that speed up metabolism/chemical reactions in body ***important for digestion/liver function etc.

Question 27

what are amino acids

Answer 27

amino acids = molecules that combine to make proteins *** the building blocks of life

Question 28

Where can DNA be found in a cell

Answer 28

the nucleus

Question 29

isotonic vs hypotonic vs hypertonic reactions in the eggsperiment

Answer 29

hypotonic = swells egg hypertonic = egg shrinks isotonic = stays the same size

Question 30

6 stages of mitosis

Answer 30

1. interphase 2. prophase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase 6. cytokinesis

Question 31

describe interphase

Answer 31

cells grow/DNA is replicated 3 parts: G1, S, G2

Question 32

describe prophase

Answer 32

chromosomes become visible as tightly coiled threadlike structures

Question 33

describe metaphase

Answer 33

cells divide into two daughter cells/line up in the middle of the cell

Question 34

describe anaphase

Answer 34

chromosomes move towards opposite poles of the cell

Question 35

describe telophase

Answer 35

nuclear envelope reforms

Question 36

describe cytokinesis

Answer 36

divides parental cell into two daughter cells due to constriction at cell centre

Question 37

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 37

mitosis = growth/repair (somatic cells) meiosis = reproduction (reproductive cells)

Question 38

how many cells are formed during mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 38

mitosis = two daughter cells DIPLOID CELLS meiosis = 4 daughter cells HAPLOID CELLS

Question 39

HAPLOID VS DIPLOID CELLS

Answer 39

haploid = 1 set of chromosomes diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 40

co-dominance means..

Answer 40

two alles are expressed to an equal degree

Question 41

incomplete dominance means..

Answer 41

both alles of a gene are expressed partially

Question 42

genotype vs phenotype

Answer 42

genotype = a person's presentation inherited from their parents phenotype = the observable appearance of a genotype

Question 43

where does food enter the body

Answer 43

the mouth

Question 44

where are nutrients absorbed

Answer 44

the large intestine

Question 45

where feces is stored

Answer 45

rectum

Question 46

where feces leaves the body

Answer 46

anus