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exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

To ensure an expeditious flow of traffic….. _________

A

operate as closely to the prescribed minimum as circumstances permit. If exceptional circumstances call for extra caution, apply greater separation than the specified minimum

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2
Q

If the type of separation or the minimum used to separate aircraft cannot be maintained……

A

take action to ensure that another type of separation exists, or another minimum is established, before the current separation becomes insufficient.

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3
Q

What is a valid technique for maintaining appropriate separation?

A

Restricting aircraft to a specified speed, or speed range is a valid technique for maintaining appropriate separation.

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4
Q

In an enroute environment _________ is the primary reason for giving vectors/

A

Separation

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5
Q

Separate aircraft consistently according to these fundamentals of safe, orderly, and expeditious control:

A

o Planning: determine the appropriate separation minimum required
o Executing: implement the selected standard
o Monitoring: ensure that the planned and executed separation is maintained

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6
Q

Define separation

A

The spacing between aircraft, altitudes, or tracks

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7
Q

**Define Linkage

A

An automated or manual function that matches ATS surveillance data with flight plan data.

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8
Q

Name 3 examples of non discrete codes

A

o i. An IFR aircraft that departs an uncontrolled airport should squawk 1000 (or 2000) depending on requested altitude. Once airborne, the pilot will contact ATC for their IFR clearance. The controller will issue the clearance as well as the discrete code and the aircraft will correlate.
o ii. Oceanic aircraft will be squawking 2000 prior to contacting ATC for their discrete code.
o iii. VFR aircraft will squawk a 1200 or 1400 code unless otherwise instructed by ATC

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9
Q

If a discrete code is not assigned by ATC

A
  • Gliders use the non-discrete code 1202
  • VFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes:
    - 12500 ASL and below : 1200
    - Above 12500 ASL : 1400
  • IFR and CVFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes:
    - HLA: 2000
    - LLA: 1000
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10
Q
  • You may assign a non discrete code to either of the following:
A

o * An aircraft that has canceled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance service
o * A VFR aircraft for which ATS surveillance service is being terminated

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11
Q

If you are not satisfied that the displayed ATS surveillance information is adequate:

A

o Inform the supervisor or delegated authority.
o Base subsequent control actions on direction provided in ATS directives supplemented by direction from your supervisor or delegated authority. If such direction is not available, base your actions on your assessment of the equipment.

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12
Q

Provide area, terminal, or oceanic control service to:

A

o IFR aircraft in controlled airspace
o VFR aircraft in Class A and Class B airspace[1]

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13
Q

Provide traffic information to pilots of aircraft in:

A
  • Class C and Class D airspace.
  • Class E airspace, unless workload, equipment limitations, or higher priority duties prevent you from doing so
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14
Q

If the PPS or data tag for a particular aircraft is not displayed as expected:

A
  • Instruct the pilot to reset the transponder, stating the currently assigned code.
  • If resetting the transponder does not resolve the problem, assign a different code.
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15
Q

When using a CSiT situation display, ensure that the following settings are applied:

A

PPS brightness is at least one level higher than other elements on the display.
Data tags include minima as indicated in the following table:
Alpha: ACID, wake turbulence category, SFI, Altitude readout, VMI, Ground speed
Bravo: CIS, Altitude, VMI
VFR: Altitude, VMI
Unlinked: Altitude, VMI

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16
Q

Situation Display -
Display and monitor:

A

o Unlinked targets
o CJSs
o Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt detection of newly de-linked aircraft)
o Altitude readouts (mode C)
o Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe weather information
VMI
o Appropriate geographic map
o Other features of the system may be used at your discretion.

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17
Q

Observed Deviations
* Inform the pilot if you observe any of the following:

A

o It appears that the aircraft will deviate or has deviated from its assigned route or holding area.
o The altitude readout indicates that the aircraft has deviated by 300 feet or more from its assigned altitude.
o The altitude readout indicates that the aircraft has deviated by 200 feet from its assigned altitude and the VMI indicates that the aircraft is continuing its climb or descent away from the assigned altitude.
o When an aircraft has deviated from assigned airspace, if necessary, assist it in returning to the assigned airspace.

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18
Q

The altitude readout is considered invalid if the difference is ______ ft or more

A

300

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19
Q

Take action as indicated in when either of the following Invalid Altitude Readouts applies:

A

o An altitude readout is invalid.
o You observe a previously validated altitude readout to be invalid for four or more successive readout updates

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20
Q

If an altitude readout is invalid:

A

o Ensure that the pilot has the correct altimeter setting
o Request another altitude verification

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21
Q

If the aircraft altimeter setting is correct and the altitude readout remains invalid you must:

A

o Instruct the pilot to reset the transponder or ADS-B
o If, after resetting, the readout remains invalid, instruct the pilot to turn off mode C or ADS-B Altitude Transmission, and give the reason.

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22
Q

You may use invalidated altitude readouts to do any of the following:

A

 Observe whether an aircraft is in level flight, climbing, or descending
 Observe rates of climb or descent

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23
Q

True or False:
Do not use invalidated altitude readouts to determine an aircraft’s altitude.

A

True

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24
Q

Validate altitude readouts by comparing the readout value with the altitude reported by the pilot, at either of the following times:

A
  • On initial contact
  • As soon as feasible, if the readout is not displayed or cannot be validated on initial contact
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25
An aircraft is considered to be maintaining an altitude when...
its altitude readout is within 200 feet of the assigned altitude.
26
An aircraft is considered to have reached an altitude when...
its altitude readout has been within 200 feet of the assigned altitude for four consecutive readout updates
27
An aircraft is considered to have vacated an altitude when...
its altitude readout has changed by 300 feet or more in the appropriate direction, from the value that prevailed while the aircraft was in level flight
28
An aircraft is considered to have passed an altitude when...
its altitude readout has changed by 300 feet or more in the appropriate direction.
29
Define Indicated Airspeed
The uncorrected reading on the airspeed indicator.
30
Define True Airspeed
The airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air. It is used primarily in flight planning and the enroute portion of flight. When used in pilot/controller communications, it is referred to as "true airspeed" and not shortened to "airspeed."
31
Define Mach Number
The ratio of the speed of an object to the local speed of sound.
32
Ground Speed
is the speed of the aircraft over the surface of the earth.
33
Express the speed adjustment using either of the following methods:
* As a multiple of 10 knots, based on IAS * Aircraft complying with speed adjustments are expected to maintain a speed within 10 knots of the specified speed
34
When making speed adjustments, use the guidelines provided in the table below. You may assign speeds that are lower than those specified only after coordinating with the pilot. How can you ask a pilot about their speed abilities?
o Can you maintain (speed)? o Are you able to maintain (speed)? o What is your minimum approach speed?
35
* Speed adjustment guidelines oDistance to destination: 20 miles or more
 altitude above 10,000 ASL and above, minimum assigned speed 250 IAS  altitude below 10,000 ASL, minimum assigned speed 210 IAS
36
 Less then 20 miles o as a turbojet o as a propeller
 Turbojet – * 150 IAS used only when required for spacing on final approach * 160 IAS preferred when assigning a sped to cross the final approach fix  Propeller - * 120 IAS
37
Speed Assignment Phraseology : you may instruct a pilot to fly at a specific speed by saying :
- maintain present speed - maintain present mach number - maintain (speed) (number) knots - maintain (speed) mach (number) - speed (number) knots
38
how would you issue a maximum speed
- maintain (speed) (number) knots or less - maintain (speed) mach (number) or less - do not exceed (speed) (number) knots - do not exceed (speed) mach (number)
39
how would you issue a speed reduction or less
- reduce to minimum clean speed - reduce to minimum approach speed - reduce (speed) (to) (number) knots (or less) - - reduce (speed) (to) Mach (number) (or less)
40
How would you reduce speed by a specific value?
- reduce (speed) by (number) knots - reduce (speed) by mach (number)
41
How to issue a minimum speed?
- maintain (speed) (number) knots or greater - maintain (speed) Mach (number) or greater
42
Traffic info as it pertains to airspace. In what airspace must you provide traffic information to pilots in?
* Provide traffic information to pilots of aircraft in Class C and Class D airspace. * Provide traffic information to pilots of aircraft in Class E airspace, unless workload, equipment limitations, or higher priority duties prevent you from doing so.
43
Vector an aircraft if any of the following apply:
* It is necessary for separation. * It is required for noise abatement procedures. * You or the aircraft will gain an operational advantage. * The pilot requests it.
44
How would you issue a vector?
- vectors (due) traffic - vectors for (sequencing/spacing/other) - vectors for (position in the aerodrome traffic circuit) - vectors to (fix/airway/final/localizer/other)
45
If you initiate vectoring, inform the pilot of the following:
* The purpose of vectors ad/or the point to which the aircraft is being vectored * That the aircraft’s SID[5] or STAR[6] is cancelled, if applicable
46
Define Track
* The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from true, magnetic, or grid north.
47
* Provide air traffic services to aircraft on a “first come, first served” basis, and give priority as indicated in the following sections.
* Exceptions to “first come, first served” are permitted when they increase overall efficiency and reduce the average delay. 2 Factors that could affect traffic sequence include: o The type of approach intended o The types of aircraft and their relative performance o Any specified minimum departure interval between takeoffs o The routes to be followed after takeoff o Wake turbulence separation minima o Aircraft subject to ATFM
48
Impact of wind on an aircraft, track vs heading, be able to draw it
A track is the aircraft’s path over the surface of the earth, as affected by wind (drift); the heading must be corrected to compensate for wind in order to fly the desired track. Therefore, if you instruct an aircraft to fly heading 070 and there is a strong wind from the north, the aircraft’s track on the situation display could make it look like it is flying a heading of 090.
49
Can you vector an aircraft to class G airspace?
you may vector an aircraft into Class G airspace if you inform the pilot and obtain the pilots approval
50
Navigation Assistance
*Unless specifically prohibited, use ATS surveillance to provide navigation assistance if a pilot requests it. oNavigation assistance may be in the form of position information, vectors , or track and ground speed checks
51
How to give a vector to an aircraft:
Vector an aircraft by specifying one of the following: * The heading to be flown * The direction of the turn and the heading to be flown after completion of the turn * The direction of the turn and the number of degrees to turn
52
You may terminate vectoring of an aircraft, provided any of the following apply to the aircraft:
* It is cleared for an approach. * It is cleared to hold. * It is established on the cleared route without requiring navigation assistance.
53
Why vector an aircraft?
o Separation o Spacing o Sequencing o Efficiency o Pilot request o Restricted airspace o Traffic
54
* When an aircraft is at an established minimum vectoring altitude that does not provide adequate clearance above a prominent obstruction, vector the aircraft by one of the following minima:
* 5 miles, if the position of the obstruction is indicated on CSiT or NARDS * 3 miles, if the following apply: o You provide terminal control service. o The ATS surveillance sources include MLAT/WAM, DND-NG, or RSE but do not include DND-NWS. o CSiT or NARDS displays a maximum range of 120 miles from left to right. o The obstruction is enclosed within a circular buffer that is indicated on CSiT or NARDS. (Vectoring an Aircraft Past an Obstruction)
55
Define traffic information
TRAFFIC INFORMATION - Information issued by ATS to pilots regarding other known or observed traffic that may be in such proximity to their position or intended route as to warrant their attention.
56
Traffic must be passed when:
* Traffic must be passed to all identified IFR or CVFR aircraft if their targets will likely merge with any other ATS surveillance target, whether that target is known or not.
57
Traffic passing in a holding pattern:
* Although we are not required to pass traffic to aircraft in a holding pattern, we are required to inform aircraft that there are others in the holding pattern, unless they are separated by more than the minimum vertical separation.
58
True or False; Unless they are separated by more than the minimum vertical separation, inform holding aircraft of other aircraft holding at the same fix.
True
59
* Provide traffic information to pilots of aircraft in Class C and Class D airspace. Provide traffic information to pilots of aircraft in Class E airspace, unless workload, equipment limitations, or higher priority duties prevent you from doing so. o In this context, workload means: o Limitations can occur when:
o In this context, workload means traffic volume, traffic complexity, radio frequency congestion, coordination, or other control-related duties. It does not include system limitations created by on-the-job training, staffing, employee periods of relief, or other workplace constraints. o Limitations can occur when communications or ATS surveillance equipment becomes degraded or unserviceable.
60
* Provide traffic information to all concerned aircraft if any of the following apply:
o You clear an aircraft to maintain at least 1000 feet on top. o You clear an IFR aircraft to fly in accordance with VFR. o Multiple aircraft are holding at the same fix and are separated by the vertical separation minimum. o A pilot requests it. o A pilot acknowledges an avoidance instruction. o You consider it necessary.
61
* Traffic information may be based on:
o Observation of identified or unidentified targets o Reports from pilots or other ATS facilities
62
True or False: If you are not providing ATS surveillance separation, and the pilot of an identified aircraft states that they do not see the traffic that was issued, inform the pilot when they are clear of traffic.
True
63
When issuing traffic information to aircraft, as appropriate, include:
o Position of aircraft o Direction of flight o Type of aircraft or relative speed o Altitude of aircraft o Reporting point and time o Other information
64
* There are three different and distinct scenarios for passing traffic:
o ATS Surveillance vs ATS surveillance target o ATS Surveillance vs non-identified o Non-identified vs non-identified
65
* The phraseology for passing traffic always begins with the word “________" to alert the aircraft of the type of message they are about to receive.
Traffic
66
Position Format:
(number) Oclock (number) miles
67
direction format:
(direction of flight)
68
type format
(aircraft type / relative speed) - helicopter - type unknown - slow moving - boeing seven three seven
69
altitude format
(altitude) unverified climbing / descending altitude unknown
70
reporting format
(reporting point and time)
71
other format:
other information
72
Traffic observed using ATS survelliance issued to identified aircraft example
traffic, eleven o clock, three miles, southbound boeing seven - thirty - seven , three thousand five hundred feet descending traffic , one o clock, five miles, westbound, slow moving, type and altitude unknown
73
traffic observed using ATS surveillance, issued to unidentified aircraft example
traffic, one five miles, west of Sydney V O R eastbound, type unknown, slow moving, five thousand five hundred unverified.
74
traffic outside ATS surveillance coverage example
- traffic, two miles north of the airport, turning left base runway two nine katana - traffic over the bridge, westbound helicopter one thousand five hundred - traffic two miles east of Ottawa VOR westbound Cessna one seven two, two thousand five hundred feet
75
effective scanning involves:
* Effective scanning involves systematically observing your surroundings to identify potential hazards or risks. It includes paying attention to changes in the environment, monitoring key indicators, and maintaining situational awareness. Look for anomalies, warning signs, or patterns that might indicate issues requiring immediate action.
76
tips for scanning:
o Scan the display in a circular fashion, from target to target o Scan from the centre of your airspace to the perimeter, implementing a plan and establishing priorities as required
77

block 1-3 review (3 decks)

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