Exam Review Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
what theme does C.S. Lewis highlight as being less represented in modern literature compared to romantic love?
A
Friendship
2
Q
which epic features the friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu
A
the Epic of Gilgamesh
3
Q
what is Achilles’ reaction to Patroclus’ death in the Iliad?
A
he expresses deep sorrow and states that revenge itself is meaningless with Patroclus
4
Q
which biblical characters exemplify deep friendship in 2 Samuel 1:26?
A
David and Jonathan
5
Q
what vow does Ruth make to Naomi the The Book of Ruth?
A
she pledges lifelong loyalty, saying, “where you go, I will go… your people shall be my people”
6
Q
who are the two friends in Iphigenia in Taurus by Euripides?
A
Orestes and Pylades
7
Q
what historical period is associated with the story of Damon and Pythias?
A
Around 500 B.C.E
8
Q
who are the two main friends in The Song of Roland?
A
Roland and Oliver
9
Q
According to Dorothy L. Sayers, how does Roland’s behaviour align with the standards of feudal epic?
A
emotional expressions like weeping and lamenting were considered appropriate reactions
10
Q
what challenge does Sayers say modern perspectives face in describing Roland and Oliver’s relationship?
A
modern language often cheapens deep, heroic friendships, making them hard to categorize
11
Q
C.S. Lewis Life Span
A
1898-1963
12
Q
The four Loves came out in
A
1960
13
Q
what style of writing is The Four Loves
A
non-fiction prose
14
Q
Storge
A
affection - love for family/community
15
Q
philia
A
friendship - love for friends
16
Q
eros
A
sexual/romantic - love for lovers
17
Q
why is friendship not valued today?
A
because few experience it
18
Q
why do few experience friendship?
A
because it is not biological or necessary for survival
19
Q
why then did ancient and medieval people value it? (Friendship)
A
they valued it because they valued the spiritual and intellectual above the natural and emotional
20
Q
how did those values change between then and now?
A
they changed because of Romanticism, psychoanalysis, evolutionary psychology, and Socialist politics
21
Q
slash
A
a type of shipping: the fannish eroticizing of friendships between heterosexual men in books, tv, movies
22
Q
femslash
A
eroticizes friendships between heterosexual women
23
Q
bromance
A
etymology: blend of ‘bro’ and ‘romance’: intimate and affectionate friendship between men; a relationship between two men which is characterized by this
24
Q
charles williams life span
A
1886-1945
25
john Ronald Reuel Tolkien life span
1892-1973
26
Group of writes and their span
the inklings from 1933-1949
27
Bona Dea
the good goddess - title not a name, an Italian goddess worshipped in Rome and Latium
28
Homosocial
the non-sexual friendships and social ties between members of the same sex
29
Heterosexual
the erotic ties between members of the opposite sex
30
Dorothy L. Sayers life span
1893-1957
31
logos
“This (so to call it) ‘non-natural’ quality in Friendship goes far to explain why it was exalted in ancient and medieval times and has come to be made light of in our own”
32
ethos
What were the women doing meanwhile? How should I
know? I am a man . . . I can trace the pre-history of Friendship only in the male line
33
pathos
“Life—natural life—has no better gift to give. Who could
have deserved it?
34
leaf by niggle written in
1945
35
Tolkien writes a letter to who in 1965
letter to Dick Plotz on September 12 1965
36
Tolkien timeline
1892, Tolkien born
In 1917, Tolkien starts working on Middle-earth mythology
1930, Tolkien starts The Hobbit
1932, Tolkien finishes The Hobbit
1937, Tolkien publishes The Hobbit
1937, Tolkien starts a sequel to The Hobbit (will become Lord of the Rings)
1938-9, Tolkien writes “Leaf by Niggle”
1949, Tolkien finishes The Lord of the Ring
37
Who worked for the oxford english dictionary
Tolkien from 1919-1920, worked on the letter w
38
allegory
a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning
39
what is the principal technique of allegory
personification, whereby abstract qualities are given human shape - as in public statues of Liberty or Justice
40
this course studies historical and contemporary attitudes to friendships in four major forms
1. poetry
2. prose fiction
3. prose non-fiction
4. drama
41
fiction
the general term for invented stories, now usually applied to novels, short stories, novellas, romances, fables, and other narrative works in prose, even though most plays and narrative poems are also fictional
42
elements of fiction
plot
setting
characterization
narrative point of view
theme
43
narrative points of view
first person
third person
limited (knows what one character knows)
omniscient (knows everything)
44
allusion
An indirect or passing reference to some event,
person, place, or artistic work, the nature and
relevance of which is not explained by the writer but
relies on the reader's familiarity with what is thus
mentioned. The technique of allusion is an economical
means of calling upon the history or the literary
tradition that author and reader are assumed to
share
45
purgatory
a state of purification or temporary punishment where souls prepare for heaven after death
46
symbol
anything that stands for or represents something else beyond it
47
chronology of works in this course
the song of roland: 1100
much ado about nothing: 1599
pride and prejudice: 1813
goblin market: 1862
the happy prince: 1888
sherlock holmes stories: 1893-1924
the two fusiliers and to his love: 1918
leaf by niggle: 1939
friendship: 1960
the lord of the rings: 2001-2003
paddleton: 2019
48
courtly love
a modern term for the literary cult of heterosexual love that emerged among the French aristocracy from the late 11th century onwards
49
chronology of courtly love
song of roland: 1100
courtly love: 1200
much ado about nothing: 1599
50
blank verse
unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter blank verse should not be confused with free verse, which has no regular metre
51
dramatic irony
when the audience knows something the characters in the work don't know
52
chivalry
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code
53
comedy
a play (or other literary composition) written chiefly to amuse its audience by appealing to a sense of superiority over the characters depicted.
54
what is a novel?
a fictional prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of realism
55
elements of prose fiction short story, and novel
plot
setting
characterization
narrative point of view
theme
56
Pride and Prejudice setting
Hertfordshire, England
57
Jane Austen life span
1775-1817
58
Pride and Prejudice characters compared to Much Ado About Nothing
Elizabeth as Beatrice
Darcy as Benedick
Darcy as Don Pedro
Darcy as Don John
Wickham as Don John
Bingley and Jane as Claudio and Hero
Lydia as Hero
59
the four loves
storge, philia, eros, agape
60
Elizabeth's friendships
with Jane from storge to philia
with Charlotte from philia to storge
61
Eros and Philia in female friendships in Pride and Prejudice
Caroline and Jane: philia torn apart by eros but only because philia was never genuine on Caroline's part
Elizabeth and Charlotte: philia is threatened by Eros; Philia become storge; not destroyed entirely because eros is not genuine
Elizabeth and Jane; genuine philia not threatened but strengthened by genuine eros
eros is not a threat to philia for women in the novel
62
Eros and Philia in male in Pride and Prejudice
philia harms eros when Darcy splits Jane and Bingley up
Philia harms eros when Elizabeth hates Darcy for what he did to Jane
Eros helps philia when Darcy believes Elizabeth about Jane
Philia helps eros when Darcy encourages Bingley with Jane
Eros helps philia when Bingley is so quick to forgive Darcy
therefore eros helps philia for men in the novel
philia harms eros for men in the novel
63
Christina Rossetti life span
1830-1894
64
Pun
an expression that achieves emphasis or humour by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct meanings being suggested either by the word or by two similar-sounding words
65
ambiguity
openness to different interpretations; or an instance in which some use of language may be understood in diverse ways
66
polysemy
a linguistic term for a word's capacity to carry two or more distinct meanings
67
Homophone
a word that is pronounced in the same way as another word but differs in meaning and/or in spelling
68
simile
a comparison between two things using like or as
69
alliteration
the repetition of the same sounds - usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables - in any sequence of neigbouring words
70
liquid
a term in phonetics for a frictionless approximant, especially an r or l sound
71
phonetics
the science or study of the sounds of speech
72
personification
figure of speech by which animals, abstract ideas, or inanimate things are referred to as if they were human
73
metaphor
the most important and widespread figure of speech, in which one thing, idea, or action is referred to by a word or expression normally denoting another thing, idea, or action, so as to suggest some common quality shared by the two
74
tenor
the thing being talked about
75
vehicle
what the thing is compared to
76
ground
what they have in common
77
sibilants
a consonant characterized by a hissing sound, such as 's' in hiss and the 'z' in his
78
wormwood
a plant with a bitter taste, and therefore a metaphor for bitterness and sorrow
79
oscar wilde life span
1854-1900
80
Lord Alfred Douglas aka "Bosie" life span
1870-1945
81
kenosis
greek for 'self-emptying' and used by Paul in Phil. 2:7 for Jesus' renunciation of the state of glory with the Father in order to share human life and death
82
intentional fallacy
the name given to the widespread assumption that an author's declared or supposed intention in writing a work is the proper basis for deciding on the meaning and the value of that work
83
two sets of group requirements
1. literary traditions
2. innovation and action
84
the holmes canon
a study in scarlet: 1887
the final problem: 1893
the hound of the Baskervilles: 1901
the adventure of the empty house: 1903
his last bow: 1917
85
Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce
1939-1946
86
Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin
1979-1986
87
Jeremy Brett and David Burke
1984-1985
88
Jeremy Brett and Edward Hardwicke
1986-1994
89
Robert Downey JR and Jude Law
2009-2011
90
Benedict Cumberbatch and Martin Freeman
2010-2017
91
Johnny Lee Miller and Lucy Liu
2012-2019
92
juxtaposition
the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect
93
three main types of poetry
1. narrative
2.dramatic
3.lyric poetry
94
lyric poetry
the largest general class of poetry, the term usually being applied to short poems expressive of a poet's thoughts or feelings
95
Robert Graves's lifespan
1895-1985
96
Siegfried Sassoon life span
1886-1967
97
assonance
the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of neighbouring words
98
caesura
a pause in a line of verse usually placed in the middle of the line
99
enjambment
the running over of the sense and grammatical structure from one verse line or couplet to the next without a punctuated pause
100
Ivor Gurney life span
1890-1937
101
F.W. Harvey life span
1888-1957
102
Bechdel Test
1. it has to have at least two women in it
2. who talk to each other
3. about something other than a man
103
The Tea Club members
Christopher Wiseman, G.B. Smith, Rob Gilson, and J.R.R.
