Exam Review Flashcards
(26 cards)
Sheep vs goats: key difference in nutrition?
Sheep graze; goats browse. Sheep are more sensitive to copper.
When to start creep feed for lambs/kids?
2–3 weeks of age.
How many stomach compartments do camelids have?
Three (C1, C2, C3).
Why are camelids called pseudo-ruminants?
They ferment fiber but have 3 stomach compartments instead of 4.
How do you assess weight in camelids?
Palpate body condition due to thick fleece.
Why do piglets need iron injections?
Born iron-deficient; need injection to prevent anemia.
What’s in a piglet starter ration?
High protein, highly digestible, energy-rich feed for weaning.
What is the pig colon’s significance?
Site for hindgut fermentation and water absorption.
What is a ruminant?
An animal with 4 stomach compartments; uses microbial fermentation.
What is the function of the rumen?
Fermentation of fiber into VFAs for energy.
What is hardware disease?
Metal in reticulum causes infection; prevented with magnets.
What is the purpose of TMR?
Consistent nutrition by mixing all feed components together.
Why add urea to feed?
Cheap nitrogen source for microbes to build protein.
What is ketosis?
Energy deficiency in early lactation cows; causes weight loss, ketone breath.
What are two factors affecting hay vitamin/mineral content?
Harvest timing (late = lower nutrients), storage conditions (sunlight, moisture loss).
What is the ‘window into the rumen’?
Left paralumbar fossa — site for diagnostics, sampling.
What are TDN, DE, ME, NE?
Measures of energy in feed; NE is most specific (energy available after all losses).
What allows horses to survive on forage diets?
Microbial fermentation in the cecum & colon.
What is mechanical digestion?
Physical breakdown of food by chewing and gut movement.
What produces VFAs in horses?
Microbial fermentation in the hindgut.
What nutrients can horses use for energy?
Carbs, fats, and protein.
Four life stages requiring more energy?
Growth, late pregnancy, lactation, work.
What is the ideal Ca:P ratio in horses?
Between 1.5:1 and 2:1.
What risks are associated with ensiled forage in horses?
Botulism — not recommended.
