Exam Review Flashcards
(104 cards)
Kennewick Man
The earliest human remains found in America. He gave evidence to archaeologists that humans were in America earlier than they had originally thought
First Hominids
Early hominids came from the same ancestor as chimpanzees. They originated in Africa. Earliest hominids were australopithecus (about 2.5 million years ago) and then later they evolved into the Homo species which has many branches.
Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin first had a theory of evolution. He thought that animals adapted based on the things that worked and allowed them to survive more. The fittest would survive while the weakest would die. Over long periods of time species progressed keeping the better traits and eliminating the weaker traits.
Hominids
a word in reference to all humans and their ancestors. They have two legs, bigger brains than chimps, use tools, and can build fires
Lucy/ Australopithecus
Luce was the earliest hominid that has ever been found. She was in Ethiopia living around 3.5 million years ago. Her knee could lock, which told scientists that she could stand upright. Her face was still shaped like an ape, her brain was small, and she could not make tools
Paleolithic Period
“The old stone age” 2.5 million years ago until 8000 BCE. Innovations such as tool-making started off during this time period
Agriculture
allowed people to remain in one place, domestication of plants and animals, women would have more children quicker because they needed them to work on the farm. people ate one crop instead of a variety. no longer a need for hunting and gathering
Neolithic Period
after the old stone age– difference is the addition of agriculture
Homo Naledi
discovered recently in South Africa; shows early burial rituals; found in a cave, lived 1.78-1.95 million years ago; small brains, near species split, human-like feet, hand/ fingers curved for climbing
Homo Habilis
larger brain; smaller face and teeth than australopithecus; long arms and protruded face; East and South Africa; 2.4 million - 1.4 million years ago
Homo Erectus
1.9 million years ago; greater mobility, control fire, double brain size of early hominids
Settlement of major continents
originated in Africa; moved to Eurasia and had reached Israel by 100,000 BCE; 60,000 years ago Homo Sapiens reached Australia, arrived in America 10,000-14,000 BCE
Beringia
land bridge that hominids crossed to get into North America; took 50,000 years to reach the Americas
Carbon 14 Dating
uses an isotope of carbon to test how long ago something was alive. can test things up to about 60,000 years ago. used to test hominid remains in South america
Stratigraphy
Stated that those artifacts and remains found on the upper layer were younger and more new than the ones below it
Neanderthal
thicker bones, longer skulls, protruded and differently shaped face– lived in caves of Europe about 100,000-25,000BCE
Creation Myths
various belief systems and religions have their own belief on how the world was created and human species started. this gave people a sense of where they came from. most stories had a god and nature
Monte Verde
location where they found an entire village with animal hides and tools many things that usually don’t last over time. They did not perish because of the soil they were beneath. They show what the society did, ate, and other habits like hunting
Clovis Spear
spears found all across Americas that were made by the clovis people. these show evidence of the animals that were hunted and the communities that were formed around the continent.
The big Bang
around 13.7 billion years ago when the universe was formed
when was the solar system formed?
4.5 billion years ago
when did the oceans form
4 billion years ago
when did the single celled organisms form
3.5 billion years ago
when did the multi-celled organisms that could breathe form?
600 million years ago
