EXAM REVIEW

Question 1

all of the following are signs of irreversible cell injury except

Answer 1

vascuolar degeneration

Question 2

which of the following is an oxygen radical

Answer 2

hydrogen peroxide

Question 3

columnar bronchial epithelium irritated by chronic exposure to cigarette changes into stratified squamous epithelium. This change is an example of:

Answer 3

Metaplasia

Question 4

Which type of necrosis is found in granulomas of tuberculosis

Answer 4

caseous necrosis

Question 5

mycardial infarct represents a form of

Answer 5

coagulation necrosis

Question 6

liquefactive necrosis typically occurs whithin an infarct of the

Answer 6

brain

Question 7

all of the following are cardinal signs of inflammation except

Answer 7

odor

Question 8

dilatation or arterioled results in

Answer 8

hyperemia

Question 9

aspiring can inhibit some aspects of inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of

Answer 9

prostaglandin and thromoxane

Question 10

a bacterial throat infection (“strep throat”) is associated with a white exudate surrounded by reddened mucosa. This is an example of

Answer 10

fibrinous inflammation

Question 11

which of the following is the most common cause of delayed healing of a skin wound caused by a traffic accident

Answer 11

infection

Question 12

hypertophic scars are called

Answer 12

keloid

Question 13

a lung tumor that has spread to the brain has metastasized via

Answer 13

blood vessels

Question 14

many tumors secrete their own growth factors. This form of stimulation is called

Answer 14

autocrine

Question 15

the cancer of chimney sweeps identified in the eighteenth century in england was related to a component of tar that is chemically classified as

Answer 15

polycyclic hydrocarbons

Question 16

the most important part of chemical carcinogens in the human habitat

Answer 16

cigarette smoke

Question 17

which of the following physical carcinogens is the cause of most skin cancers in humans

Answer 17

ultraviolet light

Question 18

human papillomavirus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the

Answer 18

cervix of the uterus

Question 19

which of the following conditions is characterized by a defect of DNA repair enzyme

Answer 19

xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 20

carcinoma of the stomach has the highest incident in

Answer 20

japan

Question 21

the incidence of which cancer has been rising in the United States during the past 20 years

Answer 21

carcinoma of the lung

Question 22

all of the following are examples of edema excet

Answer 22

hematopericardium

Question 23

oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

pulmonary edema is a typical complication of

Answer 24

left sided heart failure

Question 25

hemoptysis denotes bleeding from the

Answer 25

lungs

Question 26

thrombosis can be initiated by all the following except

Answer 26

hepain

Question 27

marantic nonbacterial or sterile thrombotic endocarditis is characterized by formation of thrombi which are best classified as

Answer 27

valvular

Question 28

ingrowth of granulation tissue into a venous thrombus is called

Answer 28

organization

Question 29

clinically significant emboli are most often composed of

Answer 29

thrombi

Question 30

which of the following organs is most affected by venous embolism

Answer 30

lungs

Question 31

most arterial emboli that cause cerebral infarcts originat from the

Answer 31

left ventricle

Question 32

shock resulting from massive bleeding is best classified as

Answer 32

hypovolemic

Question 33

which is the most common congenital heart defect recognized in clinical practice

Answer 33

interventricular septal defect

Question 34

all the following are risk factors ofatherosclerosis except

Answer 34

estrogens