Exam Review - Massage theory Flashcards

Question

Explain the different types of petrissage?

Answer 1

Box Kneading * Performed on the limbs only (calves) with the hands placed on internal and exteneral side of the limb while they are producing circulatory motions and **pressing one towards other.** Broading * Performed on the same area but the circulatory motions are pulling the tissues apart Muscle Squeezing * Milking Action with pressure exerted between heel of hand and fingers. * Static technique - No movement applied Picking up * Tissues are lifted away from underlying strcutures * Applied with movement along the muscles and pressure is maintained Wringing * Transverse motion with hands beginnning on opposite sides of the part, hands glide past one another compressing the tissues Sking rolling * Skin and subcutatneous tissues rolled between thumbs and fingers Muscle Stripping * Slow steady stroke following the direction of the muscle fibres

Answer 2

1. Circulatory and Lymphatics * Stimulates active muscle pump thus increases circulation in any tissues 2. Muscular * Loosening and stretching muscle fibres and fascias * Inc/Dec muscle tone 3. Skin * Decrease adhesions between cutaneous and subcutaneous layers 4. Nerves * Reflex soothing or stimulating effect depends on rate \*\*\* Prepare tissues for specific advanced techniques (Trigger Points therapy, Frictions and joint mobilizations)

Answer 3

Effects * Excite or soothe nervous system * Incr/Decr muscle tone Uses * Desired changes of nerve firing * Conditions when mechanical pressure is CI * To soothe after mechanical manipulation CI * Skin Infections or open Lesion

Answer 4

Technique * Rocking to create movement around the joint * Shaking to move the soft tissue Effects * Soothing effect * Nervous system: Stimulate vestibular reflexes, producing soothing/stress reduction * Digestion: Stimulation of digestive process Uses * Stress reducing technique * Sluggish Digestive, Absorptive or Eliminatroy function (Of constipation) * Evaluation of muscle spasticity CI & Precaution * Precaution for clients having joint subluxation/dislocation/joint disease * Inflammation or effusion or compromised integrity of the adjoining soft tissue.

Answer 5

Effects * Stimulation effect (Sympathetic) * Stimulates nerves, muscles, excitatory effects * Loosen joints/Stretches periarticular structures * Loosen Adherent Mucous in the lungs, bronchi and sinuses * Stimulates venous return and lymphatic drainage Uses * Conditions require increase muscle tone and motion response * Respiratory conditions * Making the nerves system alert CI * All general and local apply

Answer 6

Techniques * Static vibrations - whole hand is continuous contact with the clients body without sliding over the clients skin * Running vibrations - whole hand is continuous contact with the clients body but with a slight glide over the skin Effects * **Fine : Soothing effect,** temporary decrease of the muscle tone, pain management effect. Useful to **facilitate digestive and elimination process** * **Coarse : Stimulating effects** , temporarily increase of the muscle tone, increasing somating perception, faciliation of the regeneration of the injured nerve/lower motor neurons, loosing up the mucous in the nasal sinuses.

Answer 7

Light Tapotement * Pincement Pinching between thumb and forefingers * Tapping Alternative application of fingertips * Point hacking Simultaneous applications of fingertips * Light Hacking Ulnar border of hand, dorsal or ulnar surfaces of third, fourth and fifth fingers Heavy Tapotement * Clapping (slapping) Slapping with full palmar surface * Cupping Fingers flexed to create slgiht vacuum in palm (Dippiest Tapotement technique) * Heavy Hacking Ulnar border of hand, fingers are held rigidly * Beating Soft fist, Dorsal surface of fingers and heel of hand * Pounding Soft fist, ulnar border of fist

Answer 8

* Circulatory Local Hyperaemia (Increasing local circulation * Muscularly Temporarily increase of muscle tone (Stretch reflex) Decrease tone, if application is prolonged and deep Loosening and softening fibrosed tissue * Nerves Stimulation of nerves conductivity Facilitate nerve (Neurons) regeneration after injruy (Severe nerve, polio) * Respiratory Loosens adherent mucus in lungs and promotes drainage Improves gaseous exchange

Answer 9

Uses * Condition requiring stimulation * Respiratory conditions * Where local increase of circulation is desired * Stimulate peristalsis CI * Fractured bones & Frail Chest (Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer) * Insomnia * Neuritis and Neuralgia * Hemmorhage conditions & Unstable cardiac conditions * Skin lesions and spastic paralyses DO NOT perform over Kidneys, Abdomen, Bony prominence, Atrophied muscles or pregnancy.

Answer 10

The group of organs that start from the mouth to the rectum and take part of digestion.

Answer 11

* General improvement in blood circulation benefits the blood vessels in the abdominal cavity * The vein transport the blood depleted of oxygen to the heart more quickly and the arteries respond by supplying the body cells with fresh oxygen blood. * Liver, Gall-Bladder and pancreas receive large oxygen & nutrients & release metabolic waste products like carbonic acid in the blood stream

Answer 12

* Person is supine, knees supported, abdomen is exposed with chest and pelvis draped * Warm the Fascia, employ strokes from descending colon, around the transverse and ascending colon * Use softer strokes and light pressure on the abdominal walls and and intensify the massage strokes with gentle vibrations during exhalation *

Answer 13

* Should be avoided after meals (No longer 2-3 hours before) * Bladder should not be full (Empty bladder) * Avoided if bleeding stomach, brain or lungs * Never during menstruation * Inflammation of uterus, bladder, ovaries and fallopian tubes * Modified in case of hernia * Avoided on patients with high blood pressure

Answer 14

* Constipation lasting no more than a few hours to a few days. * Change from normal bowel habits that is due to stres, changes in schedule, before or after menstruation, side effects of medications and bowel obstructions

Answer 15

* An on going problem for the lcient which may be constant or recurring * Due to irregular schedule or resisting the urger

Answer 16

* Hypertonicity of the colon that results in loose/stringy feces * Due to sympathetic stress response decreasing intestinal blood flow and motility resulting in build up of toxins causing irritation (Spastic colon)

Answer 17

* Lack of tone in the colon causing hard, lumpy feces * Common in elderly/bedridden people who resist to defecate * Carthartic Colon/Lazy Bowel can occur from proplonged reliance on laxatives or enemas (Rectal injections) that lead to thickening/fibrosis of muscle wall and electrolyte imbalance causing seepage of fecal liquid * BOTH Spastic and Atonic Constipation can occur in one person.

Answer 18

Blockage of the colon - considered MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Answer 19

1. Recycling of Nutrients 2. Formation and elimination of stool

Answer 20

* High metabolic activty of the gut flora and absorption of water & solutes - dehydrating colonic contents to form stool * During digestions, food mixes with **bile salts, enzymes, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic secretions** * _Small Intestine_ absorbs 95% of bile salts, nutrients and fluid * The Ileum (Last part of SI) is rich in water, nutrients, proteins and Carbs * Strongest absorptive activty occurs in the **_ascending colon_** *

Answer 21

* Formation of stool is dependent on (Dietary Fibre) through the GI tract. Fibre is a major factor of bacterial fermentation in the colon. * Poorly fermented/indigestible fibers increase bulk and speed up transit time through the colon * Easy digested fibres is completely fermented little bulk and slows down transit time of feces through bowel. * _A diet high in water, insoluble, poorly fermented/indigestible fibers can decrease the likelihood of diseases (Constipation, Colon cancer and Diverticulosis) from happening._

Answer 22

* The _Ascending colon_ has strong absorptive capacity - The cecum and Ascending colon is known the "Fermentation Chamber" where the bacteria is most metabolically active * The _Descending Colon_ Site of storage and remaining dehydration of the stool

Answer 23

* A-NS : Storage and Excretion of stool * P-NS : Increase Peristaltic activity in the colon and inhibit rectum from releasing contents * S-NS : Decrease Peristaltic activty in the colon and stimulate rectume to release contents. *

Answer 24

* Involuntary wavelike movement of smooth muscle * The Ascending colon goes through _antiperistalsis_ back towards the cecum * Descending colon undergo _Tonic Contraction_ propelled toward the rectum to separate the contents in globular masses. * _Mass Peristalsis_ produces propulsvie/retropulsive contractions with frequent activity after meals.

Answer 25

* Client is supine with knee and hips flexed, palpate 1/3 from ASIS in line with umbilicus and apply slow deep pressure with every breath. * A positive rebound test indicated by sharp, sever pain upon the pressure release requires immediate medical attention

Answer 26

* Inflammatory Bowel disease * Crohns disease * Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 27

Short term * Decrease SNS response, pain, discomfort and abdominal congestion * Increase Peristalsis and full diaphragmatic breathing Long Term * Reduce headaches * Educate client stress reduction, diet and activity * Address posture, antacid and laxative use

Answer 28

1. Aim is to decrease sympathetic nervous system so should be slow, deep and soothing 2. Spend more time on back and other relaxing areas 3. Encourage deep breathing

Answer 29

1. Requires mechanical movement of feces 2. Encourage diaphragmatic breathing, use vibrations from cecum to sigmoid colon. 3. Overhand effleurage in direction of peristalsis 4. Fingertip kneading begin at sigmoid colon and move along colon and in direction of peristalsis 5. Tapotement light and ulnar border wringing.

Answer 30

* A disorder of motility (Rhythmic peristalsis) in small/large intestines resulting from the digestive tracts reaction to daily stressors and dietary patterns. * Rapid changes in speed/coordination of intestines&colons normal peristaltic action causes obstructions of flow of stool and gas. As a result it causes pain, bloating and cramping * A BENIGN G.I disorder (Unline Crohns and Ulcerative Colitis) * Does NOT affect life span, nutrient absorption, or intestinal tract. * Food is a aggravating factor causing flare up and remissions * Most common, Affects woman more and occurs early adulthood and may onset at 45

Answer 31

* Stimulating, superficial, fast-placed and rhythmic massage lasting only **10-15 minutes.** * Emphasis is on the muscles used in the sport and prepare is perfect physically * Massage techniques that require recovery time or painful is strictly CI. * Focus on circulation enhancement without overworking the muscle * Should be general, non-specific, light and warming. Avoid friction/Deep heavy strokes

Answer 32

* Given during the breaks in the event, concentrates on muscles that are about to be used on the event. * Short, light, relaxing and decrease acute muscle soreness (DOMS) and lactic acid that develop 12-24 hours after activity. * DOMS can be prevented with a relaxation massage with a lot of long effleurage strokes and be performed 1-2 hours after activity.

Answer 33

* Treatment massage to reduce muscle tensions, minimize swelling and soreness, encourage relaxation and reduce recovery time *

Answer 34

**Acute (24-72 Hours)** * Restricted motion inflammatory stage * Seen before the resistance **Subacute (3-21 days)** * Controlled motion stage * Pain is seen together with resistance **Early Chronic (21-60 days)** * Remodelling stage * Pain is seen after resistance **Late Chronic (60-360 days)** * Maturation stage * Pain is seen after resistance

Answer 35

* Act as filters with reticular connective tissue filled with lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses * Throughout an infection lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce characteristics swlling of lymph nodes.

Exam Review - Massage theory Flashcards

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