exam reviewer Flashcards by chloe ortega

3 types of digital literacy

computer literacy

internet literacy

ai literacy

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● knowledge on different hardware
● installing different programs, know how to use

computer literacy

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● Any programs that use AI

AI LITERACY

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● basic use of search engine, basic protection of social media accounts

INTERNET LITERACY

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knowledge on how to process info, assess, express, access, or typically anything u do with information

INFORMATION LITERACY

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● if you are able to convey and answer queries
● ability to speak before a crowd

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

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2 types of INFORMATION LITERACY

freedom of expression
freedom of information

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● ability to access information
● if you know where a book exactly is in a library, then you are FOI literate

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

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is the ability to develop lifelong learning skills such as accessing, analyzing, evaluating and creating media.

Media Literacy

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➔ If you know how to classify a television show based on its content
➔ Ability to differentiate gag show and sitcom

TELEVISION LITERATE

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if you know how to make a publication material based on target market, then u are ________

advertisement literate

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● All media messages are created with a specific intention in mind, considering the expertise, purpose, and background of the author.

Authorship

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CONSTRUCTS OF MIL (3)

Individual

Institutional

Societal

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Media carefully crafted and created with an intended message in mind.

Authorship

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● Media are constructs

Authorship

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● Various media use varied aesthetics
● Media has aesthetic standards, with certain aesthetic values guiding its creation.

Format

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vary in their socio-economic, educational and political backgrounds. As such, they interpret media texts differently based on their own contexts and life experiences

Audience

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● negotiate the meaning of media texts, and there are different ways to interpret it.

Audience

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● Media is primarily a business, often driven by the goal of generating profit.

Purpose

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● Media are social and political.

Content

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is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create (traditional) media.

Media literacy

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are platforms that have existed prior to the creation of the internet.

Traditional media platforms

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is the ability to acquire relevant information and use modern-day tools to get, manage, apply, evaluate, create, and communicate
information

Technology literacy

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allows us to exercise critical thinking when analyzing different forms of media and a wide range of issues. With this, we can discern what information is factual, truthful, and objective

Media literacy

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Chris is writing his research paper on the topic, “The Martial Law in the Philippines.” He went to the library and was able to get several resources but chose to use only print books because of the depth and credibility of information they provide. What is this ability?

Media literacy: Use of traditional literacy— print books. Information literacy: Checking the credibility of information.

allows a person to recognize when information is needed and how he/she will be able to access, locate, evaluate, and use it effectively

Information literacy

Mina was asked by her mother to go to Cubao bus station. She will pick up a package that was delivered by her aunt. Mina doesn’t know how to go to Cubao. Instead of taking a cab, she decided to ask her friend Jeremy to give her the directions.

- Information literacy: Knowing who to ask counts as basically knowing your resource person.

allows us to adapt what we produce for various contexts and audiences using rich media such as pictures, videos, and sound.

Digital literacy

helps us understand the benefits and harm of digital footprint that we either passively leave or actively share about themselves online, most notably social media sites

Digital literacy

Bruce saw a shared post in Facebook on a Super typhoon that is forecasted to hit Metro Manila that week. He checked other relevant websites (i.e., DOST PAG-ASA) to verify the credibility of this information.

- Digital literacy: Use of Facebook and relevant websites which are both done online. - Information literacy: Checking veracity of information

Niccolo concluded in his movie review that the film was biased in terms of how the plot depicted ethnic groups, and that the film’s narrative may be misconstrued by vulnerable sectors of the society.

- Media literacy: The platform is the movie. - Information literacy: To be able to create a movie review, it is implied that you have understood which needs information literacy.

Micko has been following the online news about the employment status of the country’s biggest television networks. Subsequently, upon weighing the insights of the information he gathered, he posted on social media demanding ABS-CBN to be fair in reporting about the contractualization of media practitioners.

- Digital literacy: Trying to follow up on online news, which requires the internet. - Information literacy: Weighing the pros and cons of the news.

Princess needs to be in Quezon City in an hour because she has a scheduled video shoot. She can’t book any car and taxi on her Grab car application. She can’t be late so she booked a motorcycle ride from Angkas, another ride-hailing application.

- Digital literacy: She merely booked a ride using an app. - If the example includes navigating the map, that will include information literacy.

- Convey factual and accurate information

truthful

- Provide information based on grounded evidence

fair and Objective

- exemplify accountability and responsibility

Has integrity

- put yourself in the shoes of others

Has sympathy and empathy

- source information as needed

Hard work

➔ A mass media model which promotes the protection of public interests as its primary goal. Audiences are seen as citizens and stakeholders in forming and upholding democratic society

PUBLIC SPHERE MODEL

➔ Treatment of Audience: Viewed as citizens. ➔ View of Government: Government regulation is essential to safeguard public interests. ➔ View of Innovation: Focused on capturing audience interests and needs.

PUBLIC SPHERE MODEL

➔ A mass media model which sees profit as its primary motive and perceives audiences as consumers

MARKET MODEL

➔ Treatment of Audience: Viewed as consumers and buyers. ➔ View of Government: Government interference with market behavior is seen as undesirable. ➔ View of Innovation: ◆ As response to popular demand

MARKET MODEL

➔ Media producers help share political reality as they determine which issues are “important” and thus may set the “agenda” of political campaigns

AGENDA SETTING

➔ Audiences choose to consume media products based on specific needs

USES AND GRATIFICATION

Audiences seek media that aligns with their personal values and ideological beliefs.

Personal Identity:

: Audiences look for diversion, such as stress relief.

Entertainment

Audiences consume media to learn or seek advice.

Information:

THREE MODES OF READING

dominant negotiate oppositional

: Audiences want to connect with family, friends, and their social circle, often following trends.

Social Integration

- audiences partially accept the encoded meaning and mostly accept the preferred reading but modifies some parts reflecting their own position, experiences, and opinions.

Negotiate

➔ Media, particularly television, cultivates in its audiences a way of perceiving and understanding the world, thereby shaping their opinions, views, and behavior.

CULTIVATION THEORY

- audiences accept the encoded meaning and reproduces the producers preferred reading

Dominant

- audiences take the oppositional stance to the referred reading and resists completely

Oppositional

➔ Biases and propaganda that lead to conflict of interest

PROPAGANDA

types of propaganda (5)

Advertising ownership mass media news sources flak and enforcers fear mongering

○ Do not go against your source

Mass media news sources

○ Bashing or libel

Flak and enforcers

○ Do not go against your own

Ownership

○ Crafting content to make it appear that there is a threat among people

Fear-mongering

states that the meaning we ascribe to objects, processes, ideas, concepts, and systems, are subjective.

Symbolic interactionism

➔ Individual will often base their opinion and willingness to share it based on perceived climate of opinion and more likely to speak if they are aligned with majority, or more likely to censor if aligned with minority

SPIRAL OF SILENCE

is the art of the arranging letters and text in a way that makes the copy legible, clear, and visually appealing to the reader; influencing decision making

Typography

● There are changes in format ● Color, font, alignment, etc.

Formatted Text

the main element to convey messages

Texts

● Also known as ‘hyperlink’ ● Directs you to another text using point and click method

Hypertext

● Default setting

Unformatted/ Plain Text

➔ - family of fonts

Typeface

- variations of weights of a typeface

Font

● Identified by the extra marks at the end of letters; connotes tradition, sophistication, formality There are lines at the edge of the letters

Serif

● Without serif’s more traditional strokes and dishes, the sans-serif font family is seen as much more modern, bold, friendly, and minimalist.

Sans serif

● The function of this typeface is aesthetic more than readable

Decorative

Mimics the stroke of a paintbrush, often linking letters together. Applying a script can add a certain edge to your design. Script typefaces create a dynamic and interesting pairing when combined with sans serif.

Script

● refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content ● Headline and logos of newspapers have bigger emphasis

Emphasis

● a font can be applied in all different sizes can be used to create visual hierarchy

Size and hierarchy

- deliberate arrangement of textual elements in a design. _________ is an important function of the organization, legibility, and emphasis of text

Visual hierarchy

How thick or thin the characters are displayed

Weight

Refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page

Organization

Refers to how the text is positioned/organization of elements in the page. This can be left, right, center, or justified. This is used to achieve order and cohesion

Alignment

Refers to how near or far are the text elements from each other

Proximity

Creates visual interest to text elements Mix and match different typefaces ideally 2-3

Contrast

Consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design

Repetition

Refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose, or event

Appropriateness

Extension on head line:

ascender

● Extension on baseline:

descender

Distance between two letters

Kerning

● Distance between two letters through a whole word

Tracking

● How text is spaced vertically in lines

Leading

● The line on which most letters sit

Baseline

● The distance between two rows of text from the baseline of the upper row to the baseline of the lower row.

Line height

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