Exam Revision

Question 1

A sponge feeds by…

Answer 1

beating the flagella of collar cells to form a current from ostium to osculum.

Question 2

Which allows more complete and efficient fermentation and nutrient extraction: foregut fermentation or hindgut fermentation?

Answer 2

foregut fermentation

Question 3

Does a bicep contracting at half Vmax generate more or less force than a bicep contracting at Vmax?

Answer 3

more force

Question 4

What happens when invertebrate muscle is stimulated by a series of closely timed, separate stimuli?

Answer 4

The muscle contracts further with each stimulus.

Question 5

Do fossorial mammals typically have a clavicle?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What happens immediately after sound waves enter the external auditory canal?

Answer 6

The tympanic membrane vibrates.

Question 7

Where does oxygenated blood enter the tetrapod heart?

Answer 7

the left atrium

Question 8

In birds and mammals, where does blood flow to after leaving the right ventricle?

Answer 8

the pulmonary arteries

Question 9

Is foraging an aspect of specific dynamic action?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

For temperatures below the lower critical limit of the thermoneutral zone, does metabolic rate decrease or increase with increasing temperature? (endotherms)

Answer 10

Metabolic rate decreases as temperature increases.

Question 11

True or false: there are no exclusively herbivorous birds capable of flight.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Do hindgut fermenters have longer or shorter tooth rows than foregut fermenters?

Answer 12

Hindgut fermenters have longer tooth rows.

Question 13

Does an elephant’s trunk have endoskeletal support?

Answer 13

No

Question 13

True or false: all forms of movement rely on motor proteins.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which types of vertebrate muscle are striated?

Answer 14

skeletal and cardiac

Question 15

What is the basic unit of muscle contraction called?

Answer 15

sarcomere

Question 16

What is the typical appearance of the distal part of the limbs of fast runners?

Answer 16

The distal part of the limb is long and light.

Question 17

Where are the cervical vertebrae located?

Answer 17

the neck region

Question 18

Does the lateral line of a fish contain hair cells?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

True or false: detection of gravity in the utricule and saccule is based on fluid displacement.

Answer 19

False

Question 19

True or false: the cochlea is curled up to absorb the energy of sound waves.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Are photoreceptors sensitive to one or multiple wavelengths of light?

Answer 20

multiple

Question 21

In which of these animals is the cerebrum most developed? Goose, lamprey, shark, horse or frog?

Answer 21

horse

Question 22

From which main division of the tripartite brain is the cerebrum derived?

Answer 22

The cerebrum is derived from the forebrain.

Question 23

What is the main function of the human neocortex?

Answer 23

association

Question 24

Which aspect of a body part determines how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to it?

Answer 24

sensitivity to external stimuli

Question 25

In the tetrapod heart, signals are delayed at the...

Answer 25

atrio-ventricular (AV) node

Question 26

How does mass-specific metabolic rate scale with body size?

Answer 26

Mass-specific metabolic rate scales allometrically, and decreases with size.

Question 27

List three parameters that are important for gas exchange between an animal and its environment.

Answer 27

1. diffusion distance 2. surface area of exchange tissues 3. concentration gradient

Question 28

In amniotic eggs, what is the role of the allantois?

Answer 28

The allantois collects waste materials from the embryo, and can be a site of gas exchange.

Question 29

Give an example of a category of animal that is ammonotelic.

Answer 29

Many freshwaters fishes are ammonotelic - that is, they excrete ammonia as the main nitrogenous waste.

Question 30

In amniotic eggs, what is the role of the amnion?

Answer 30

The amnion forms a protective, fluid-filled sac around the embryo.

Question 31

Where do you find the fibula in vertebrates?

Answer 31

The fibula is the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle of the hind limb.

Question 32

Define 'hemimetabolous'.

Answer 32

A hemimetabolous insect metamorphoses gradually, with no pupal stage.

Question 33

Where do you find the tibia in vertebrates?

Answer 33

The tibia is the inner and usually larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle of the hind limb.

Question 34

Where do you find the ulna in vertebrates?

Answer 34

The ulna is the thinner and longer of the two bones in the forelimb. In humans it is on the side opposite the thumb.

Question 35

In amniotic eggs, what is the vitellus?

Answer 35

The vitellus is the egg yolk.

Question 36

Define 'iteroparity'.

Answer 36

Iteroparous organisms normally reproduce more than one time before dying.

Question 37

Define 'semelparity'.

Answer 37

Semelparous organisms normally reproduce only once before dying.

Question 38

Do amphibians have amniotic eggs?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

In the eggs of oviparous amniotes, what is the role of the egg shell?

Answer 39

The shell acts as a calcium reserve and provides structural support.

Question 40

List three characteristics typical of K-selected species.

Answer 40

Three of the following: 1. high level of parental investment 2. large eggs 3. large body size 4. long lifespan 5. overlapping generations 6. delayed maturity 7. iteroparity

Question 41

Are there any ovo-viviparous or viviparous bird species?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Are there any ovo-viviparous mammal species?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Does sound travel faster through water or air?

Answer 43

Sound travels four to five times faster through water.

Question 44

Have all viviparous squamates descended from a single, viviparous ancestor?

Answer 44

No - viviparity has evolved more than 100 separate times in squamates.

Question 45

List three general characteristics of vegetation as food.

Answer 45

Three of the following: 1. abundant 2. low quality 3. low assimilation efficiency 4. cell walls inhibit digestion

Question 46

List three general characteristics of animal material as food.

Answer 46

Three of the following: 1. high quality 2. high assimilation efficiency 3. defended 4. requires sophisticated feeding strategies

Question 47

What is the dental formula of a rhipidoglossate radula?

Answer 47

∞+6+1+6+∞

Question 48

What is the dental formula of a toxoglossate radula?

Answer 48

0+1+0+1+0