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Nutrition And Feeding > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Building blocks of proteins

Essential for various biological functions

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2
Q

What is amylase?

A

A pancreatic enzyme that aids in the breakdown of starch and sugar (glycogen)

Important for carbohydrate digestion

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3
Q

Define dry matter.

A

Nutrient content of material remaining after water has been removed

Used to assess feed quality

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4
Q

What does it mean to emulsify?

A

Make into an emulsion; in digestion, it refers to breaking down fat globules in the duodenum into smaller droplets

Increases surface area for lipase action

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5
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and heat production

Key process in digestive systems

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6
Q

What is gut motility?

A

The movement of the gut and digesta through the gastrointestinal tract

Essential for digestion and absorption

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7
Q

Define herbivore.

A

An animal that feeds on plants

Example: cows, horses

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8
Q

What does ‘hind gut’ refer to?

A

The large intestine of the horse

Important for fermentation and digestion

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9
Q

What is lipase?

A

A pancreatic enzyme that aids in the breakdown of fats

Crucial for lipid digestion

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10
Q

Define microbial fermentation.

A

The breakdown of foodstuffs by microbes in an anaerobic environment

Important for energy production in certain animals

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11
Q

What is a monogastric animal?

A

An animal that has a single chambered stomach

Examples: dogs, cats

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12
Q

What does NSC stand for?

A

Non-Structural Carbohydrates

Describes sugar and starch content

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13
Q

What are peptides?

A

Two or more amino acids linked in a chain

Important for protein synthesis

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14
Q

What is pre-caecal digestion?

A

Digestion that occurs before entering the caecum

Crucial for nutrient absorption

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15
Q

Define prehension.

A

The action of grasping food

Important in the feeding process

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16
Q

What is protease?

A

A pancreatic enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins and peptides

Essential for protein digestion

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17
Q

What are soluble carbohydrates?

A

Starch and sugar

Quick energy sources for dogs

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18
Q

What are structural carbohydrates?

A

Fibre

Important for gut health

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19
Q

What do VFAs stand for?

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

Produced during fermentation

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20
Q

What does WSC represent?

A

Water soluble carbohydrates

Encompasses monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and fructans

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21
Q

Are dogs monogastric or ruminant?

A

Monogastric

Single stomach structure

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22
Q

What type of diet do dogs follow?

A

Omnivorous

They eat both meat and plant matter

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

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A

Mechanically and chemically digest food, absorb food, assist with the elimination of solid waste

Key functions in maintaining health

24
Q

How long is the gastrointestinal system typically compared to a dog’s body?

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A

4 to 5 times the length

Indicates digestive capacity

25
What factors affect transit speed in dogs?
Medical conditions, size, nutritional content, exercise, age, anxiety ## Footnote Various influences on digestion
26
What is the average length of a dog's small intestine?
150cm to 175cm ## Footnote Approximately 3.5 times the length of the body
27
What is the function of saliva?
Lubrication and buffering of food ## Footnote Important for initiating digestion
28
What is the pH of a dog's saliva?
6-8 ## Footnote Neutral to slightly acidic environment
29
What is the role of the oesophagus?
Transport food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis ## Footnote Essential for swallowing
30
What is the capacity of a dog's stomach?
0.5L-0.8L ## Footnote Highly expandable organ
31
What activates pepsinogen in the stomach?
HCl (hydrochloric acid) ## Footnote Converts pepsinogen to pepsin for protein digestion
32
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum ## Footnote Each part has distinct digestive roles
33
What is the primary site for digestion and absorption?
Small intestine ## Footnote Most nutrients are absorbed here
34
What does bile do in digestion?
Emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acid ## Footnote Essential for fat digestion
35
What is the composition of the large intestine?
Caecum, colon, rectum ## Footnote Plays a role in water absorption and fermentation
36
What is the main trait of fibre?
Cannot be broken down by gut enzymes ## Footnote Fermented in the hindgut
37
What are the five macronutrients?
Fibre, starch, sugar, fats, oils ## Footnote Essential for a balanced diet
38
What does 'complete and balanced' mean in pet food?
Food meets all nutritional requirements for a dog's life stage ## Footnote Based on PFMA and FEDIAF guidelines
39
What is the purpose of the Guaranteed Analysis on pet food packaging?
Lists minimum protein and fat, plus maximum fibre and moisture percentages ## Footnote Mandatory nutritional breakdown
40
What is a Limited Ingredient Diet (LID)?
Contains fewer ingredients to reduce potential allergens ## Footnote Designed for dogs with food sensitivities
41
What are functional ingredients in dog food?
Specific additives aimed at promoting health benefits ## Footnote Examples include omega fatty acids and probiotics
42
What is the main role of carbohydrates in pet food?
Source of energy ## Footnote Regulates blood sugar and gut transit
43
What are some protein-rich ingredients for dogs?
* Soya Bean Meal * Meat and bone meal * Fish * Fresh poultry * Egg ## Footnote Essential for muscle growth and repair
44
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated are used exclusively for energy; unsaturated are used in various body functions ## Footnote Important for understanding dietary fats
45
What type of protein requirements do working dogs have?
Increased levels of quality protein ## Footnote Necessary for tissue repair and growth
46
What is the importance of amino acids in protein?
Building blocks of protein; determine protein quality ## Footnote Essential for various body functions
47
What are alternative protein sources being studied for dogs?
Insects and some marine algal species ## Footnote Potentially sustainable and nutritious
48
What are the building blocks of protein?
Amino Acids ## Footnote Amino acids are essential for constructing proteins in the body.
49
What defines dietary protein with high biological value?
High digestibility and high content of essential amino acids ## Footnote This quality ensures that the protein can be effectively utilized by the body.
50
What are generally good sources of high biological value protein?
Animal products ## Footnote Animal-based proteins typically provide all essential amino acids.
51
Which physiological conditions require increased protein intake?
* Growth * Senior dogs * Performance * Reproduction ## Footnote These conditions place additional demands on protein needs for maintaining health.
52
What happens to senior dogs regarding protein needs?
Their ability to maintain good quality muscle mass decreases ## Footnote This necessitates higher protein intake to support muscle health.
53
What must be considered when comparing protein content between foods?
Moisture content ## Footnote Moisture content affects the concentration of nutrients in food.
54
How can you perform a dry matter comparison for protein content?
100 - %moisture = % DM of product; (%protein / %DM) x 100 = % protein in the DM ## Footnote This calculation helps in understanding the actual protein content without the influence of moisture.
55
True or False: Raw and wet diets typically have a higher percentage of protein.
False ## Footnote Due to higher moisture content, these diets often have a lower percentage of protein.

Nutrition And Feeding (3 decks)

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