Exam Revision Flashcards
(34 cards)
Medical Model
the diagnosis of condition from clinical signs and tests, and the treatment prescribed to rectify complaints
Nursing Model
the identification of patient needs to assist it in carrying out it’s normal daily activities
What are the stages of the nursing process?
Assessment
Planning
Intervention
Evaluation
Describe three sources of information required to effectively assess a patient.
The pet owner to provide information regarding normal activities
Nurse’s observations and clinical examination
Vet’s diagnosis and treatment plan
Patient history and records
Nursing Diagnosis
The nurse identifying the patient’s actual and potential problems/patient needs.
Nursing Model
A system that can be used to provide a structure for assessing the patient and standardising the nursing care planned.
Orpet & Jeffery (Ability model)
Developed from human nursing models by vet nurses for use in veterinary nursing
Ten abilities
Assesses the patient’s abilities to achieve health
Lifestage measured from birth to death
Key influencing factors: cultural, financial, owner compliance
Care plan identifies actual and potential problems
Covers all animal species
Orem (Self care requisites)
Developed for human nursing
Eight universal self-care requisites
Assesses patient’s ability to meet the self-care requisites for themselves
Interventions affected by developmental self-care requisites i.e. affected by patient’s lifestage which is measured from conception to death
Health-deviation self-care requisites affect ability to self-care
Nurse also assesses which interventions are needed now, and which may be required in the future
Roper, Logan & Tierney (Activities of Living)
Developed for human nursing
Twelve activities of living
Includes ‘dying’ and ‘expressing sexuality’ as activities of living
Lifestage measured from neonate to geriatric
Measures how well patient can perform ALs on their own; dependence-independence continuum
Five factors influencing ALs; biological, psychological, sociocultural
Environmental, politicoeconomic
Individuality in living
How does effective goal setting assist in devising a care plan?
Assists in identifying nursing priorities and long term aims
Provides a structure for evaluation
Aids in identifying most appropriate nursing intervention for particular problem
What factors influence the timescale for evaluation of each nursing intervention?
The severity of the patient’s condition
The age of the patient
The normal frequency of the activity
The timescale of each goal/aim
What information may be required in order to effectively evaluate the efficacy of the nursing intervention?
The goals set in the planning stage to identify if they are met
Nursing observations and clinical examination
Vet information
How is the information from the evaluation used?
It identifies which nursing interventions have been successful, and by how much.
This is then used to decide whether to change the intervention, alter the frequency, adapt it or stop it completely.
Therefore revising the care plan.
Dog Normal Parameters
38.3 - 38.7°C
60 – 140 bpm
10 – 30 breaths/min
Cat Normal Parameters
38 - 38.5°C
110 – 180 bpm
20 – 30 breaths/min
Rabbit Normal Parameters
38.5 - 40°C
205 – 235 bpm
35 – 60 breaths/min
Different environmental conditions which can be altered
Ventilation Humidity Light Heating and insulation Noise
Care of Patient on IVFT
Check administration site for swelling, bruising, pain and perivascular fluid
Check line regularly for kinks, blockages and interference
Check fluid is running, volume of fluid still to be administered
Monitor clinical signs for hydration level, TPR, mucous membranes, urine output and SG
Monitor ongoing losses
Check for signs of over-hydration - soft, moist cough, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia, lethargy, runny nose, decreased PCV, increased urine output
Re-introduction of food
Veterinary surgeon clears patient to be fed
Gradual re-feeding to reduce risk of vomiting recommencing
Small amounts lukewarm water/electrolyte solution every 15 minutes
If tolerated, small meals of light, highly digestible food
As long as no further vomiting, gradually change to normal diet over three/four days
Nursing Care of Vomiting Patient
Possibly nil by mouth – refer to veterinary surgeon. Feeding should be re-introduced at the earliest possible stage.
Where infectious disease is suspected – isolation and barrier nursing
Ensure patient and kennel are not soiled
Monitor patient
Provide correct medication
Assess hydration levels
Maintain IVFT
Feeding Plan
Identify normal preferences
Perform baseline assessments – BW, BCS, muscle score
Calculate individual’s daily calorie requirement
Identify appropriate diet for method and amount
Identify appropriate
proportion of daily requirement and number of feeds until full requirement met
Patient assessment
Check history
Use owner knowledge
Observe general demeanour
Measure vital signs
Patient examination
Pain Classification
Pain can be classified in several ways
Duration
Location and anatomy affected
Disease causing the pain
Intensity
Effects of Pain
Creates a stress response
Increased heart rate, BP, respiratory rate
Increased intestinal secretions
Urine retention
Increased metabolism and O2
Reduced efficacy of immune system
Increased sensitivity to pain
