Exam Revision Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Calculate how many mg are in 87 μg of DNA. Input the number only no units required.
A
0.087
2
Q
Calculate how many ug are in 12 ng of RNA. Input the number no units are required.
A
0.012
3
Q
0.1 cm3 = ………μl ?
A
100
4
Q
100nm = ………..μm ?
A
0.1
5
Q
A genetic cross involving a single pair of genes?
A
monohybrid
6
Q
A genetic cross that involves parents that differ in two genes (independent traits)?
A
dihybrid
7
Q
A mutation where only a single base is altered is called?
A
point
8
Q
Addition of DNA bases other than 3, 6 or 9 nucleotides is called?
A
frame shift
9
Q
A combination of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base is called?
A
nucleotide
10
Q
CFTR is short for what in reference to cystic fibrosis
A
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
11
Q
Which ion does the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) transport?
A
chloride
12
Q
Calculate how many grams are in 600 mg of Sodium chloride.
Input the number only no units required.
A
0.6
13
Q
Calculate how many grams are in 800 mg of Sodium chloride. Input the number only no units required
A
0.8
14
Q
Calculate how many ug are in 12 ng of RNA. Input the number no units are required.
A
0.012
15
Q
Name the protein that DNA is wound around during DNA packaging in eukaryotes.
A
histones
16
Q
DNA polymerase I and III have a 3’ —5’ exonuclease activity. What is another name for this activity?
A
proof reading
17
Q
DNA polymerases I and III catalyze the formation of what kind of bond?
A
phosphodiester
18
Q
DNA polymerases I and III require which cation to function?
A
Magnesium
19
Q
Name the enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA oligonucleotide in order for DNA polymerase to work.
A
primase
20
Q
DNA polymerases synthesise in which direction?
A
5’—3’
21
Q
Select the correct statement in regards to DNA structure:
- DNA consists of two antiparallel strands that are complimentary in their nucleotide sequence.
- DNA consists of two parallel strands that are complimentary in their nucleotide sequence.
- DNA consists of one strand of a nucleotide sequence.
- DNA consists of two antiparallel strands that are the same in their nucleotide sequence.
A
DNA consists of two antiparallel strands that are complimentary in their nucleotide sequence.
22
Q
Name the structures which carry the genes of an organism.
A
chromosomes
23
Q
In the inheritance of cystic fibrosis if a couple who are both carriers of the cystic fibrosis gene have eight children how many would be expected to have cystic fibrosis?
A
2
24
Q
Give the name for the 3’ untranslated region of mRNA
A
trailer
25
Give the name for the 5' untranslated region of mRNA.
leader
26
Give the name for the coding part of a piece of mRNA.
reading frame
27
Give the name of the tag that proteins are labelled with if they are destined to become a lysosomal protein
mannose-6-phosphate
28
How many types of RNA exist?
3
29
In E.coli promoters consist of 2 consensus sequences. List the DNA sequence found at -10
TATAAT
30
In double stranded DNA how many nucleotides are found in 1 twist of the DNA ladder
10
31
In the termination stage of transcription what kind of structure does the RNA form?
stem and loop
32
Select the correct response in regards to lysosomal proteins:
- Lysosomal enzymes are tagged with glucose-6-phosphate
- Lysosomal enzymes are tagged with mannose-5-phosphate
- None of these answers are correct
- Correct Lysosomal enzymes are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate.
- Lysosomal enzymes are tagged with glucose-5-phosphate
Lysosomal enzymes are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate
33
Select which statement is correct in regards to Mendel's first law of inheritance:
- The alleles of a gene segregate at meiosis.
- The alleles of two different genes segregate independently.
- The alleles of two different genes segregate in a linked pattern.
- The alleles of a gene segregate at mitosis.
The alleles of a gene segregate at meiosis.
34
Name the type of mutation shown below:
Original
CAT CAT CAT CAT
GTA GTA GTA GTA
Mutation
CAT CAT GCAT CAT
GTA GTA CGTA GTA
Addition
35
Name the three types of point mutation.
Substitution, addition, deletion
36
Name the three types of substitution mutation.
silent, missense, nonsense
37
Name the three stages of translation at the ribosome in order.
1. initiation
2. elongation
3. release/termination
38
Name the 3 types of RNA.
messenger RNA/mRNA
transfer RNA/tRNA
ribosomal RNA/rRNA
39
Name the enzyme which adds GMP to the 5' end of RNA
guanylyl transferase
40
Name the following type of cross:
AABB x aabb
coupling
41
Name the following type of cross?
AAbb x aaBB
repulsion
42
Name the location of RNA pol I
nucleolus
43
Name the molecules which are the building blocks for proteins.
amino acids
44
Name the protein that the signal recognition particle binds to on the RER membrane.
docking
45
Name the proteins found in the lumen of the RER which aid in protein folding.
chaperone
46
Name the sugar found in RNA
ribose
47
Name the type of RNA described below:
"adapters which pair an RNA sequence with an amino acid"
tRNA
48
Name the type of RNA that RNA pol I transcribes
rRNA
49
Name the type of bonds that join amino acids together.
peptide bonds
50
Name the type of enzymes which replicate DNA
DNA polymerase
51
A piece of DNA is 1.6 Kb (Kilobases) long. How many nucleotides are present?
3200
52
Nucleotides are joined together into a DNA strand using what kind of bonds?
phosphodiester
53
Name the nucleotide found in RNA but not in DNA.
uracil
54
Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by which enzyme?
ligase
55
On which strand will you find Okazaki fragments?
lagging
56
Name the complex in eukaryotes which binds to the signal peptide found in a protein being synthesized on a ribosome which halts protein synthesis and guides the ribosome to the rough ER and subsequent binding to the docking protein.
signal recognition particle
57
Name the location of RNA polymerase 1
nucleolus
58
True or false: RNA polymerase has a proof reading activity.
False
59
Replication in E.coli proceeds in a bidirectional mode of action, what is the shape that is often observed within the cell.
Theta
60
Name the structure that is formed during DNA replication.
replication fork
61
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its:
- phosphate-sugar backbone
- none of these answers
- phosphodiester bonds
- different five-carbon sugars
- sequence of bases
sequence of bases
62
A DNA sample was diluted 1/400 and placed into a 1 cm wide cuvette and analysed using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance readings were as follows: 260 nm= 1.2 280 nm = 1.3. What is the concentration of DNA in the original sample in μg/ml? No units are necessary just input the number.
24,000μg/ml
63
Substitution mutations are also known as?
single polynucleotide polymorphism / SNP
64
The core enzyme of RNA polymerase consists of four subunits. Give the full name of any of the other additional subunits.
rho/sigma
65
The four stages of transcription are:
elongation, termination, release
Name the other stage
initiation
66
The function of DNA is to store information to make which cellular macromolecule?
proteins
67
The process of making RNA from a DNA code is called?
transcription
68
The process of synthesizing proteins from a RNA code is called
translation
69
The ratio in the F2 generation which is normally found following a dihybrid cross
9:3:3:1
70
The term used to describe having two different genes for a particular characteristic?
heterozygo
71
The term used to describe the alleles of a gene that masks or suprresses the expression of an alternative allele?
Dominant
72
Transcription occurs in what kind of structure?
bubble
73
Transfer RNA's have a sequence at their 3' end to which amino acids attach. Name the 3 nucleotide sequence.
CCA
74
Two genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes are called?
allele
75
Name the type of bonds involved in Watson-Crick base pairing of nucleotides.
hydrogen
76
What are the enzymes which are replicate the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes called?
telomerase
77
What is the class or type of sugars that DNA and RNA contain?
pentose
78
What is the exact name of the sugar found in DNA?
deoxyribose
79
What is the process of adding 100-300 adenosines to a RNA transcript called?
polyadenylation
80
Which enzyme untwists DNA?
gyrase
81
Which nucleotide in RNA is used instead of thymine?
uracil
82
Which protein keeps the two parental strands of DNA separate
single strand binding
83
Give the full name of one of the purines found in DNA.
adenine or guanine
84
Attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule is called .................. of an amino acid.
charging or aminoacylation
85
Calculate how many grams are required to make 1 Litre of a 100 mM solution of Sodium chloride.
Formula weight for Sodium chloride is 58.44.
5.844 grams
86
Calculate how many grams are required to make 1 Litre of a 500 mM solution of Sodium chloride.
Formula weigh for Sodium chloride is 58.44.
29.22 grams
87
If the following is the base sequence in a template strand, what base sequence would you expect to be present in the newly replicated strand?
GGGTACGGTAACGTTAAAAAGGAAATACA
CCCATGCCATTGCAATTTTTCCTTTATGT
88
If a piece of DNA is 18 Mbp (Megabase pairs) long and DNA polymerase has a rate of 10,000 nucleotides per second how long in minutes would it take DNA polymerase to replicate this DNA?
30
89
In a PCR reaction 10 ng of DNA is used as a template. After 10 PCR cycles calculate how much DNA in μg could be amplified assuming an exponential amplification? Input the number, no units required.
10.24
90
Name the mode of replication that E.coli uses.
theta
91
Shown in the link seq.jpg is an autoradiograph of a DNA sequencing experiment performed by the method of Sanger. Deduce the sequence of the DNA strand sequenced from the 5’ to 3’ end.
https://bblearn.londonmet.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-2100695-dt-content-rid-5729605_1/courses/CH4003_2017-18_YEAR/CH4003_2017-18_YEAR_ImportedContent_20180430101338/seq%281%29.jpg
GATTTAGTCCCGGGAATC
92
A piece of RNA is 1.4 Kb long. How many nucleotides are present?
1400
93
What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
genotype
94
Name the single word technical term for protein synthesis.
translation
95
When pure breeding mice with white fur and pink eyes were crossed with pure breeding mice with grey fur and black eyes, all the F1 generation were white with black eyes. In the F2 generation the following numbers of progeny were produced:
36 white mice with black eyes
12 white mice with pink eyes
16 grey mice with black eyes
0 grey mice with pink eyes
According to Mendelian genetics a 9:3:3:1 ratio is expected in the F2. What is the reason for the modified Mendelian inheritance.
A one word answer is sufficient.
epitasis
