Exam Revision Flashcards
What is persistence?
How long a pasture species lasts in the paddock.
What was in superphosphate fertiliser?
Phosphorus and sulphur.
What is topdressing?
The aerial application of fertilisers.
Approximately 40% of the land area in NZ has which vegetation growing on it?
Introduced pasture.
New Zealand predominantly has which type of climate?
Temperate maritime.
The pastures in NZ are…
almost entirely based on introduced species.
A ryegrass phytomer is likely to have…
One leaf, one axillary bud, and after the leaf dies one or more roots.
In a ryegrass tiller…
There are typically three leaves alive at any one time.
A simple model of monthly pasture growth can be developed from?
Thermal time and soil moisture.
A plant and mycorrhizal fungi association is mutualistic because?
The fungi increases phosphate uptake by plant roots and the plant feeds the fungi.
Intercropping is?
Two crop species that are grown together.
Competition is when the interaction between two species is….
Negative for both species.
The cropping situation in which irrigation is most likely to benefit weeds more than crops is….
Well-established lucerne.
There would probably be more fathen seedlings germinating….
In a paddock following cultivation in September.
Red clover requires what to cross pollinate it’s flowers?
Honey bees
The arable industry in NZ…
produces high yields by international standards.
Maize is a…
monoecious cereal.
What is the most likely source of pathogen for cereal yellow dwarf virus disease?
Aphid vectors which have been feeding on infected pasture grasses.
The asexual spores of most plant pathogenic fungi are called?
Conidia.
Why is the NZ forest industry based on pine trees?
Because native tree species have very poor growth.
Secondary growth results from cell division in the?
Cambium.
What is competition between plants of the same species called?
Inter-specific competition.
What is competition between plants of different species called?
Intra-specific competition.
What is the most common type of maize in NZ?
Dent maize.
In a polycyclic disease, what does the pathogen cause many of during the season?
Secondary infections.
Xylem tissue produced in the spring is known as?
Earlywood.
The storage organ of a monocotyledon is?
An endosperm.
What did the electric fence allow?
A practice known as break-grazing, allowing the rationing of pasture in periods of slow growth.
What does gibberellic acid do?
Promotes cell elongation and stimulates short term growth.
Phytochrome is a plant protein that…
causes a burst of tillering in grasses after grazing events.
What vegetative organ protects the basal meristem (growing point) of a ryegrass plant?
Pseudostem.
A phytomer….
Consists of a node, a leaf and axillary bud separated by an internode.
Essential nutrients for plants have the following function?
Allow the plant life-cycle to be completed.
Which of the following is involved in stomata opening and closing?
ATP
What does the vascular cambium produce?
Xylem cells on the inside and phloem on the outside.
What are the negative effects of grassland farming?
Soil erosion and loss of habitat.
What is relative competitiveness?
The competitiveness of species within the same area - weak or high.
From seed, which establish faster; annuals or perennials?
Annuals because they are trying to complete their life cycle very rapidly and put seeds back into the soil.
What happens if a perennial weed is trying to re-establish from a root system?
It will grow much faster because of the sugars and energy sources already stored in the tap root.
Why does the arable industry tend to dry the grain down before harvest?
Because with high humidity there tends to be more weeds growing.
When there is high humidity are you more likely to get disease and why/why not?
Yes, because with high humidity there is better conditions for fungal growth which promotes disease.
Why do weeds cause problems during harvesting?
Not only do they cause product taint, but it also makes it hard to seperate the weeds the harvested material due to the pure quantity of vegetation.
Before Maori settlers arrived, approximately how much of NZ was covered in natural forest?
75%.
By the time European settlement happened, how much had the forest cover fallen to?
53%.
How much of New Zealand remains under natural forest?
24%.
When did bush burning occur?
From 1840 until the first decades of the 20th century.
When was the period when NZ saw the most rapid expansion of sown pasture?
1871 to 1911.
What percentage of NZ land is in introduced grassland?
40%.
