Exam Revision

Question 1

Meaning of intangibility

Answer 1

Tourism product cannot be pretested or inspected before buying

Question 2

Heterogeneity

Answer 2

Tourism is not a homogenous product - it’s supply differs considerably between each different product and market

Question 3

Perishability

Answer 3

A service is fixed in time and space and has a fixed capacity in any one day. Service production should be understood as a capacity to produce, not a quantity of products

Question 4

Rigidity

Answer 4

The more quantity the less the price (competition) and the less quantity the higher the price able to be charged

Question 5

Immovability

Answer 5

Tourism is not taken to the consumer, the consumer is taken to it. Therefore information and ‘advice’ is important

Question 6

Inseparability

Answer 6

The act of production and consumption is simultaneous

Question 7

Seasonality

Answer 7

The fluctuations in demand due to seasons - winter, summer

Question 8

Periodicity

Answer 8

The same as seasonality but within a shortened time span

Question 9

Interdependence

Answer 9

Tourists combine several products in one, e.g. hotel and amusement park packages. Importance of destination/critical mass of attractions/activities, level of competition - tangible benefits of destination

Question 10

What are the four P’s

Answer 10

Product, price, place and promotion

Question 11

What is the meaning of placing

Answer 11

Also known as distribution, this is all the ‘points of sale’ that provide potential customers with access to tourist products

Question 12

What is promotion?

Answer 12

Used to make the prospective customer aware of the products offered

Question 13

What is the meaning of RTO? Provide an example

Answer 13

An RTO is a regional tourism organisation. An example of an RTO is ATEED (Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development).

Question 14

What are stakeholders?

Answer 14

An individual or organisation with a legitimate interest in a given situation because it can be affected . by the organisations actions, objectives and policies.

Question 15

Meaning of public sector

Answer 15

The part of the economy which is owned or controlled by the public, usually through government agencies

Question 16

How can markets be segmented?

Answer 16

Geographic, demographic, behavioural and psychographic

Question 17

Definition of promotion

Answer 17

about sending messages issued on behalf of a brand/product/service/idea aimed at informing or persuading the users of these things to try or buy

Question 18

Define push strategy of promotion

Answer 18

Focuses on distribution outlets, urging them to sell to the tourist

Question 19

In October 2011 new regulations were introduced for adventure tourism businesses in NZ. (PESTLE category)

Answer 19

Political/Legal

Question 20

Air New Zealand has reduced its emissions by more than 140,000t C02 (PESTLE category)

Answer 20

Environmental

Question 21

Fluctuation in the exchange rate with NZ dollar dropping (PESTLE category)

Answer 21

Economic

Question 22

Creating a website for your tourism product with an online booking facility (PESTLE category)

Answer 22

Technological

Question 23

The NZ Government signing the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) - (PESTLE category)

Answer 23

Political/Legal

Question 24

The building of SH20A (motorway) which is the primary route to and from Auckland (PESTLE category)

Answer 24

Technological

Question 25

Christchurch City Council introducing the Freedom Camping Bylaw 2015 (PESTLE category)

Answer 25

Political/Legal

Question 26

Baby boomers (born between 1946-1964) with disposable income to spend on travel (PESTLE category)

Answer 26

Social

Question 27

A gastrobug outbreak in Havelock North, Hawkes Bay, August 2016 - government had to intervene (PESTLE category)

Answer 27

Political

Question 28

Name the top five markets Tourism New Zealand targets visitors from

Answer 28

Australia, China, United States, United Kingdom, Germany

Question 29

What are the six sector markets?

Answer 29

Film tourism, special interest, backpacker, business events, cruise sector and premium

Question 30

Discuss Tourism New Zealand's association with Qualmark

Answer 30

Owned by Tourism NZ. It is a quality assurance programme

Question 31

Define I-Site New Zealand

Answer 31

official visitor information network - can book activities, accommodation, transport, attractions - over 80 branches

Question 32

Who owns and manages the I-site brand?

Answer 32

Tourism New Zealand

Question 33

I-site visitors are an important part of the distribution channel for tourism businesses. As a potential tourist operator, provide one 'tip' you could do to engage with the iSite

Answer 33

Get to know your local iSite team, offer 'famils'

Question 34

The performance of the service requires the active participation of the producer and the consumer together

Answer 34

Inseparability

Question 35

Tourism is not taken to the consumer, the consumer is taken to it.

Answer 35

Immovability

Question 36

Tourism is fundamentally a 'service' industry. it is an 'intangible' product that cannot be 'pre-tested' or inspected before purchase.

Answer 36

Intangibility

Question 37

The same as seasonality but within a shortened time span but weekends versus weekdays

Answer 37

Periodicity

Question 38

Tourists combine several products in one is known as

Answer 38

Interdependence

Question 39

Tourism is not a homogenous product - its supply differs considerably between each different product and market. Each person will have a different experience with the same product

Answer 39

Heterogeneity

Question 40

The more quantity the less the price (competition) and the less quantity the higher the price able to be charged (exclusivity)

Answer 40

Rigidity

Question 41

A service is fixed in time and space and has a fixed capacity on any one day

Answer 41

Perishability

Question 42

The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment sits within what sector?

Answer 42

The public sector

Question 43

Tourism New Zealand sits within what sector?

Answer 43

The public sector

Question 44

Tourism Industry Aotearoa sits within what sector?

Answer 44

The private sector

Question 45

___________ is New Zealand's largest inbound tourism market

Answer 45

Australia

Question 46

___________ is New Zealand's second largest inbound tourism market

Answer 46

China

Question 47

__________ is New Zealand's third largest inbound tourism market

Answer 47

United States of America

Question 48

_________ product is the most basic level, what is the buyer really buying? Depending on the visitor, it might be cultural enrichment, a return to one's roots, safe adventure, or even romance

Answer 48

Core

Question 49

____________ products are services or goods which must be present for the guest to use the core product

Answer 49

Facilitating

Question 50

____________ products are extra products offered which add value to the core product

Answer 50

Supporting

Question 51

___________ products are the additional consumer services and benefits built around the core product e.g. Accessibility, atmosphere

Answer 51

Augmented

Question 52

Kotler, Bowen, Makens and Baloglu (2017) provide four market segments

Answer 52

psychographic, demographic, behavioural and geographic

Question 53

The ___________ are the outside factors and forces that affect a company's ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers

Answer 53

PESTLE

Question 54

A fluctuation in exchange rates is an example of an ________ force

Answer 54

external

Question 55

Labour Government policies are an example of a __________ force

Answer 55

politicał

Question 56

Destinations becoming unfashionable is an example of a ______________________ force

Answer 56

Socio-economic

Question 57

The internet is an example of a __________________ force

Answer 57

Technological

Question 58

Increasing pollution levels from tourism activities are an example of an _________________ force

Answer 58

Environmental

Question 59

The Chatham Islands markets itself as a _______________ and _______________ destination

Answer 59

Hunting, fishing

Question 60

Some examples of niche tourism are d_____, g__________, v_____________, m__________

Answer 60

dark, gastronomic, volunteer, medical

Question 61

The luxury lodge market targets the ______________ market

Answer 61

premium

Question 62

____________ is an example of special interest tourism

Answer 62

Golf

Question 63

Tourism New Zealand has identified how many key sectors?

Answer 63

Six (Film tourism, backpacker, special interest, cruise sector, business events, premium)

Question 64

ATEED is a ______________ ________________ _______________

Answer 64

Regional tourism organisation (RTO)

Question 65

What is a push strategy?

Answer 65

Focusing on distribution outlets, urging them to sell to the tourist

Question 66

What is a pull strategy?

Answer 66

focuses on generating demand

Question 67

Give example of push tactic

Answer 67

trade show, showrooms, negotiation with retailers to sell your product, efficient supply chain, packaging design to encourage purchase

Question 68

Example of pull tactic

Answer 68

advertising and mass media promotion, word of mouth referrals, customer relationship management

Question 69

Sales promotion example

Answer 69

2 for 1, buy 1 get 1 free

Question 70

Personal selling examples

Answer 70

window displays, internet, price discounts, flyers on bulletin boards and car windshields, free samples of product or service, promotional material, logos

Question 71

Define market segmentation

Answer 71

The process of dividing a total market into subgroups. Its purpose is to facilitate more cost-effective marketing - purpose-designed products

Question 72

Psychographic segmentation

Answer 72

social class, lifestyle, personality

Question 73

Definition of product

Answer 73

A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. It includes physical objects, services, places, organisations and ideas

Question 74

Definition of price

Answer 74

the published or negotiated terms of the exchange

Question 75

definition of promotion

Answer 75

used to make the prospective customer aware of the products offered