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1
Q

Which form Leishmaniasis can start with primary mucosal lesions?

a. visceral
b. cutaneous
c. mucocutaneous
d. all 3 clinical forms

A

d. all 3 clinical forms

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2
Q

Treatment for Noma disease?

A

a. Antibiotics: Penicillin and metronidazole
b. Correction of inadequate nutrition, hydration, and electrolyte imbalances and local wound care
c. Conservative débridement

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3
Q

What kind of infection is Actinomycosis?

a. viral
b. fungal
c. gram -ve anaerobic bacterial
d. gram +ve anaerobic bacterial

A

d. gram +ve anaerobic bacterial

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4
Q

What causes Tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium

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5
Q

What side does Tuberculosis affect?

a. Lung
b. Extra pulmonary
c. Both

A

c. Both Lung and extra pulmonary involvement

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6
Q

What causes Syphilis: (NAME)

a. bacteria
b. virus

A

Treponema Pallidum (anaerobic filamentous spirochete bacteria)

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7
Q

At which stage of Syphilis can we observe oral lesions?

a. 1st stage
b. 2nd stage
c. 3rd stage
d. Any stage

A

Any stage, but mostly on 2nd stage

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8
Q

What is the specific name of Primary Syphilis lesion?

A

Chancre

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9
Q

What is chancre?

A

= painless ulcer

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10
Q

When does Secondary Syphilis appear?

A

4 - 10w after initial infection

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11
Q

What are the clinical features of Secondary Syphilis?

A 
Multiple lesions
Rash
Mucous patches
Condylomata lata
Nodular syphilitic lesions
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12
Q

What is Tertiary Syphilis?

A

= syphilitic leukoplakia

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13
Q

Chancre Vs Gumma

A

Chancre = inflammatory infiltration of ly and Ma
->T. pallidum present

Gumma = granulomatous lesion w/ necrotic center
– MOST CHARACTERISTIC LESION OF 3RY SYPHILIS

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14
Q

Which jaw does actinomycosis affect?

a. maxilla
b. mandible
c. both

A

c. both

actinomycotic osteomyelitis of mandible and maxilla

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15
Q

What kind of infection is Aspergillosis?

a. viral
b. bacterial
c. fungal

A

c. deep fungal infection

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16
Q

What is Aspergillosis?

a. non - invasive
b. localized invasive
c. both

A

c. can be localized invasive or non-invasive

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17
Q

What can cause non-invasive Aspergillosis?

A

After tooth extraction or endo treatment, as an allergic reaction or a duster of fungal hyphae (dental treatments)

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18
Q

What are the clinical features of Aspergillosis?

A
  • Gingival ulcerations
  • Peripherally mucosa and soft tissue develop diffuse swelling with gray / violaceous hue
  • Yellow or black ulcer (necrosis)
  • Facial swelling
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19
Q

What kind of infection is Histoplasmosis?

a. fungal
b. viral
c. bacterial

A

a. deep fungal infection

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20
Q

In which form of Histoplasmosis can you find oral lesions?

a. Acute histoplasmosis
b. Disseminated histoplasmosis
c. Chronic histoplasmosis

A

Disseminated histoplasmosis

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21
Q

What are the Histopathological features of Histoplasmosis?

A

Granulomatous inflammation

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22
Q

What are the clinical Features of Denture Stomatitis?

A
  • Erythema

- Petechial hemorrhage on denture bearing areas of maxillary RPD

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23
Q

What are the clinical feautures of Central papillary atrophy of the tongue?

A
  • Demarcated erythematous zone affecting midline, posterior dorsal tongue
  • Erythema due to loss of fillform papillae
  • Smooth to lobulated, symmetrical lesion
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24
Q

What are the clinical features of Pseudo membranous candidiasis?

A
  • White plaques resemble cottage cheese or cudled milk on oral mucosa
  • Composed of tangled masses of hyphae, yeasts desquamated ep cells, debris
  • Underlying mucosa: normal/ erythromatous
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25
What are the symptoms of Pseudo membranous candidiasis?
- Mild | - Burning sensation of oral mucosa or unpleasant taste (salty or bitter)
26
What other forms of candidiasis have this burning sensation? a. central papillary atrophy of the tongue b. chronic multifocal candidiasis c. median rhomboid glossitis d. acute atrophic candidiasis e. central papillary atrophy
Erythematous Candidiasis | d. acute atrophic candidiasis
27
At what age does Dentigerous Cyst appear?
10 – 30y
28
Where does Dentigerous Cyst originate?
By separation of follicle from around an unerupted tooth crown
29
What are the radiographical features of Dentigerous Cyst? (2 answers) a. unilocular b. multilocular c. radiolucent d. radiopaque
unilocular, radiolucent area
30
What are the histopathological features of non-inflamed dentigerous cyst?
- Loosely fibrous CT wall - Contains glycosaminoglycan ground substance and small islands / cords of inactive-appearing odontogenic ep rests - Ep lining consists of 2-4 layers of flattened nonkeratinizing cells, and ep and CT interface is flat
31
What is an Eruption cyst?
=cyst associated with an eruption of a tooth
32
What are the histopathologic Features of an Eruption cyst?
- Surface oral ep on superior aspect - Underlying LP->inflammatory cell infiltrate - The deep portion of specimen (cyst roof) shows a thin layer of nonkeratinizing squamous ep
33
Why are Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) significant?
- Greater growth potential than most other odontogenic cysts - Higher recurrence rate - Association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
34
What are the histopathological features of Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC)?
- Ep lining composed of uniform layer of str sq ep – 6-8 cells thickness - Luminal surface has wavy/corrugated, flattened parakeratotic ep cells - Isolated foci of orthokeratin production - Palisaded basal layer composed of cuboidal/columnar cells – hyperchromatic - In fibrous wall 7-26% small satellite cysts, cords, or islands of odontogenic ep
35
Where is more likely for Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) to occur? a. mandible b. maxilla c. both
a. mandible: 60%-80% (more than maxilla)
36
What does Gingival (alveolar) cyst of the newborn contains?
filled with keratin
37
What is Micrognathia? a. hyperplasia of maxilla b. hypopasia of maxilla c. hypoplasia of mandible d. hyperplasia of mandible
= Hypoplasia of the mandible but results in posterior displacement of the tongue to newborns or children
38
What is Micrognathia? a. Excessive secretion of growth hormone from ant pituitary b. Excessive secretion of growth hormone from post pituitary c. Excessive secretion of growth hormone from hypophysis
= Excessive secretion of growth hormone from ANTERIOR PITUITARY
39
What are the clinical features of Macrognathia?
- Macrognathia - Enlarged lips - Enlarged tongue - Supraorbital bulging - Enlarged nose
40
What is Eagle Syndrome?
Elongated stylohyoid process and/or calcification of stylohyoid ligament
41
What are the 2 types of Eagle Syndrome?
- Classical stylohyoid syndrome | - Styloid process-carotid syndrome – of CAROTID A!!!!
42
What are Fordyce Granules?
Sebaceous glands
43
Which chromosome is affected in Paramedian lip pits?
chromosome locus 1q32-q41
44
Which syndrome is Paramedian lip pits in combination with cleft lip?
Van der Woude syndrome
45
What are the clinical features of Paramedian lip pits?
Bilateral and symmetric | Depth: 1,5cm
46
What is Double Lip?
=a component of Ascher syndrome | =a result from trauma or oral habits
47
Which lip is affected more with Double Lip? a. lower lip b. both lips c. upper lip
c.upper lip
48
Which syndrome is Microglossia associated with?
oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndromes
49
What is the cause of Gorlin and Goltz Syndrome? a. recessive b. dominant
b. inherited autosomal dominant
50
What is the treatment for Treacher Collins Syndrome?
- Mild forms: no treatment - More severe forms: cosmetic surgery, multiple surgical procedures, operations - Combined orthodontic therapy and orthognathic
51
What is Peutz - Jegers Syndrome? a. recessive b. dominant
b. Inherited autosomal dominant
52
How is the diagnosis made for Rendu-Osler-Weber?
- Recurrent spontaneous epistaxis - Telangiectasias of the mucosa and skin - Arteriovenous malformation involving the lungs, liver, or CNS - Family history of HHT
53
How is Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome inherited? a. recessive b. dominant
a. autosomal recessive
54
What are the characteristics of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome?
premature loss of the primary and permanent teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms, soles, and sometimes of the knees and elbows
55
What are the radiographic features of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome
- Floating teeth | - Bone loss
56
What is Desquamative Gingivitis? a. diagnosis b. clinical term
b. clinical term
57
What are the predisposing factors of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)?
* Immunosuppression * Smoking * Local trauma * Poor nutritional status * Poor oral hygiene * Inadequate sleep * Recent illness * Immunocompromised status associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) * Psychologic stress
58
What are the clinical features of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)?
- Hemorrhagic, Edematous, Inflamed interdental papillae - Lymphadenopathy - Fever, malaise - Fetid odor - Pain - Accumulations of necrotic debris - “Punched-out” papillae craterlike necrosis that are covered with a gray pseudomembrane
59
What is the treatment for Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)?
- Debridement by scaling, curettage, or ultrasonic instrumentation - Topical or local anesthetic - Rinses with chlorhexidine - Antibiotics: penicillin, metronidazole
60
What is the cause of Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease?
coxsackievirus
61
What is the cause of Herpangina?
coxsackievirus
62
What is the WHO classification calcifying odontogenic cyst?
- Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (95%) - Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (solid tumor like growths) - Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma
63
Which are the diseases the DG may imitate?
- Vesiculoerosive diseases: mucous membrane pemphigoid - lichen planus - linear IgA disease - pemphigus vulgaris - epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - systemic lupus erythematosus - chronic ulcerative stomatitis - paraneoplastic pemphigus - chronic bacterial, fungal, viral infection - reaction to mouth rinses and chewing gum
64
What are the histopathological features of Calcifying odontogenic cyst?
- fibrous capsule and odontogenic ep lining of 4-10 cell thickness - cuboidal or columnar basal cells similar to ameloblasts - “ghost cells”: altered ep cells w/o nuclei w/ basic cell outline and calcification - intraosseous and extraosseous dentinogenic ghost cell tumors
65
Description of Herpangina lesions:
a small number of lesions develop on the soft palate/tonsillar pillars begin as red macules and then rapidly ulcerate
66
What are the symptoms of Herpangina?
- sore throat - dysphagia - fever, occasionally accompanied by cough - rhinorrhea - anorexia - vomiting - diarrhea - myalgia - headache
67
Where are cutaneous lesions found in Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease?
- on borders of palms and soles - on the ventral surfaces - on fingers and toes sides oral and hand lesions arise without prodromal symptoms!!
68
What is the therapy for Herpes Simplex Virus?
-antiviral -dietary -mouth rinse -relief => w/ non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (medication)
69
What are the symptoms for Herpes Simplex Virus?
* Sore throat * Fever * Malaise * Headache
70
What are the clinical features of Herpes Simplex Virus?
mucosa develops numerous pinhead vesicles, which rapidly collapse to form numerous small red lesions which enlarge and develop central ulceration covered by yellow fibrin
71
What is the onset of Herpes Simplex Virus?
- abrupt and accompanied by anterior cervical lymphadenopathy - chills - fever - nausea - anorexia - irritability - sore mouth lesions
72
At what age does Herpes Simplex Virus appear?
6m to 5y (peak: 2-3y)
73
What are the clinical features of Desquamative Gingivitis?
- smooth erythema - loss of stippling - desquamation and gingiva erosion - involves the attached and free gingiva - chronic onset all over mouth - multifocal or generalized pattern - vesicle/bulla formation filled with clear fluid or blood - mostly asymptomatic, but when symptomatic ranges from mild burning sensation to pain
74
What is Sturge Weber?
- congenital, non-familial disorder | - RARE alveolar bone destruction
75
What are the characteristics of Sturge Weber?
congenital hemangiomatous facial lesion in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve associated with similar lesion intracranially and neurological abnormalities
76
What is the Intraoral involvement of Sturge Weber?
common, resulting in hypervascular changes to the ipsilateral mucosa
77
What are the clinical features of Peutz - Jegers Syndrome?
- size: 1 to 4mm - color: brown to blue-gray macules affecting vermilion zone, labial and buccal mucosa and tongue - pigmentation
78
What are the characteristics of Peutz - Jegers Syndrome?
freckle - like lesions of the hands, perioral skin, and oral mucosa, in conjunction with intestinal polyposis and predisposition to develop cancer (especially: GΙ tract, pancreas, lungs, breast, ovaries, testicles)
79
What are the characteristics of Gorlin and Goltz Syndrome?
- Multiple basal cell carcinoma - Odontogenic keratocysts - Bifid ribs - Frontal bossing - Rib anomalies
80
What are the diffuce enlargement of Macroglossia? a. Amyloidosis b. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c. Neuromuscular disorders d. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, type 2B e. Hypothyroidism f. Neurofibromatosis
e. Hypothyroidism b. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c. Neuromuscular disorders
81
What are the multinodular appearance of Macroglossia? a. Amyloidosis b. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c. Neuromuscular disorders d. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, type 2B e. Hypothyroidism f. Neurofibromatosis
a. Amyloidosis f. Neurofibromatosis d. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, type 2B
82
Description of Condular Hyperplasia type 1?
* During puberty * Condylar and mandibular elongation * 2 subtypes (1A and 1B). * 1A occurs bilaterally * 1B occurs unilaterally
83
What are the clinical features of Fordyce Granules?
- 1 to 3mm multiple yellow or yellow-white papules - most common on buccal mucosa and lateral portion of vermilion of upper lip - also in retromolar area and anterior tonsillar pillar - more common in adults than in children - asymptomatic, roughness to the mucosa - few lesions/ hundreds of these “granules” - hyperplastic and adenomatous
84
What is Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome)?
Slowly progressive hemifacial atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fat, and, in severe cases, underlying muscle and bone
85
What is the oral involvement of Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome)?
affects the tongue, gingiva and soft palate
86
What is the dental involvement of Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome)?
includes delayed dental eruption, dental root exposure and resorption
87
What is glandular odontogenic cyst?
Rare type of developmental odontogenic cyst
88
What is the size of Glandular odontogenic cyst?
from small lesions less than 1 cm to large destructive lesions that may involve most of jaw
89
What are the radiographic features of Glandular odontogenic cyst?
unilocular / multilocular radiolucency - well defined margins w/ corticated rim
90
What are the genetic factors involving the clefts?
* Genes that control cell patterning, cell proliferation, extracellular communication, and differentiation * Over 30 candidate genes have been identified * Genetic overlap between nonsyndromic and syndromic etiologies
91
What are the environmental factors involving the clefts?
* Drugs * Cigarette smoking * Folate deficiency * Maternal obesity * Amniotic band sequence * Other (viral infection, radiation, significant metabolic perturbation)
92
Description of Clefts?
- 35 days post conception as the lateral nasal, median nasal, and maxillary mesodermal processes merge - failure of closure of any one of the 3 normal sites of fusion can produce: unilateral (most common), bilateral (less common), or median (rare) lip clefting.
93
What is the most characteristic lesion of tertiary syphilis?
gumma
94
What are the most common extrapulmonary sites in the head and neck for Tuberculosis?
cervical lymph nodes
95
What is the most common form of Actinomycosis?
Actinomycetes
96
What is the cause of Leishmania?
protozoan called Leishmania
97
How is Leishmania trasmitted?
b/w hosts by the bite of female sand fly
98
What is the classical stylohyoid syndrome?
Found after tonsillectomy or trauma and is characterized by cervical, facial, pain and headache
99
What is the most common cause of Macrognathia?
somatotroph (GH-secreting) | adenoma of the anterior pituitary
100
Which is the best recognized form of candidal infection?
Pseudo membranous candidiasis
101
Is Denture Stomatitis symptomatic?
it is rarely symptomatic
102
What is the treatment of Aspergillosis?
-depends on the clinical presentation -For immunocompetent patients with a noninvasive aspergilloma: surgical débridement -For localized invasive aspergillosis in the immunocompetent host, débridement followed by antifungal medication
103
What is the treatment of Denture Stomatitis?
Nystasin Fluconazole Itraconazole

Oral Pathology (1 decks)

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