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Outdoor Ed > Exam semester 1 > Flashcards

Exam semester 1 Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs

A

People are motivated to fulfill basic needs

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2
Q

The needs of Maslow’s Hierachy of needs

A

Physiological, safety, social, ego and self actualisation

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3
Q

Physiological need’s

A

Seeks to obtain the basic necessity of life

Physical survival needs: water, food, sleep, warmth and exercise

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4
Q

Safety need’s

A

Seeks security through order and law

Physical safety, economic security and freedom from threats

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5
Q

Social need’s

A

Seeks affiliation with a group

Acceptance, being part of a group, identification with a successful team.

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6
Q

Ego need’s

A

Seeks esteem through recognition or achievement

Important projects, recognition from others, prestige and status

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7
Q

Self actualisation

A

Seeks to fulfilment of personal potential

Challenging projects, opportunities fo innovation and creativity, learning and creating at a higher level

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8
Q

Pre expedition planning

A 
Determine the desired outcome
Fit the expedition to the group
Location
Duration
Prepare a written plan 
Establish practical and sensible safety rules
Investigate weather 
Organise equipment 
Plan
Goals
Fitness preparation
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9
Q

Skills and Practices

A 
Technical skills
Organisational skills
Risk management skills
First aid skills
Environmental skills
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10
Q

Strategy

A

Plans prepared prior to attempting specific skill in a mode of travel or activity

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11
Q

Tactics

A

Specific ways in which strategies are put into action

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12
Q 
What is Risk, example 
Physically
Mentally
Socially
Financially
A

The potential to gain or lose something of value
Eg
Physical: loss of mobility through breaking an arm
Mentally: fear of heights
Socially: peer embarrassment
Financially: lost equipment

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13
Q

What is a Hazard

A

The conditions or circumstances that contribute to the likelihood of an incident, that is a condition or situation that makes it more likely that a peril will occur
Eg

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14
Q

Perils

A

Sources or causes of a potential loss

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15
Q

Danger

A

Perils or hazard that may result from both people and surroundings.

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16
Q

Environmental danger

A

Occurs naturally eg white water rapids

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17
Q

Human dangers

A

Occurs within group or leadership
Eg
lack of attention
Peer pressure

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18
Q

Misadventure

A

Involves too much fear often leads to failure.

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19
Q

Risk management

A

Procedures put in place to reduce the likelihood of an accident or incident

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20
Q

3 types of risk management

A

Proactive or primary
Active or secondary
Reactive or tertiary

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21
Q

Proactive or primary risk management

A

Complete before an experience

Eg checking equipment

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22
Q

Active or secondary risk management

A

During the experience to avoid dangers or respond to an accident
Eg evacuating a patient

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23
Q

Reactive or tertiary risk management

A

Carried out after the event

Eg contacting others

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24
Q

Principles of risk management

A

Identification of risk
Casual factors( people, equipment, environmental)
Types of risk ( absolute, perceived, real)
Assessment of risk( high/ low likelihood)
Risk management
Social and physical factors contributing to risk
Evaluation of risk management plan

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25
Steps for emergency response/ accident management
``` Surveying the scene Primary survey Secondary survey Patient assessment and monitoring Documentation/ accident report ```
26
Signalling methods used in an emergency
``` Whistle Fire Sand drawings Mobile and satellite phone Flare Personal locator beacon Radio Hand or arm signalling ```
27
Experiential learning
Practical learning style | Direct experience
28
Why is experiential learning effective for individuals
Deepen their knowledge through repeatedly doing and reflecting Are more motivated to develop skills they see are relevant Become self directed learners Learn to confront unfamiliar situations and task
29
Personal skills
Features and qualities which provide you with a knowledge, understanding and awareness of yourself
30
Types of personal skills
``` Dimension of self Self appraisal Monitoring Flexibility Commitment Goal setting Reflection ```
31
Dimension of self
Three dimensions that help us understand ourselves Self identity Self concept Self esteem
32
Self identity
Characteristics of yourself
33
Self concept | And types
How you think about yourself Physical- activity specific eg bushwalking Academic- verbal / maths Social- group specific eg family
34
Self esteem
How you value yourself
35
Belief | Example
Emotional held views that are not based on fact, although the person holds them as a truth Eg ‘I believe that things happen for a reason’
36
Values | Example
Principles or standards, which guide our behaviour. Affect the way people fell, think and act. Eg freedom Caring Honesty
37
Attitudes | Example
Beliefs you have about something, an object, person, situation, concept or place. Eg I dislike school
38
Monitoring
Anticipating the problem and challenges you will face in achieving your goals and then judging your performance
39
Flexibility
Being able to quickly adapt to new, different or changing situations
40
Commitment
Pledge to yourself towards a certain purpose or behaviour
41
Decision making
Process of choosing the most probable option from a collection of possible ones
42
Steps to decision making
``` Stop and think State the problem/ situation Anticipate the desired outcome Write the choices and gather information State the pros and cons consequences Choose Evaluate and adjust ```
43
Convergence decision making
Write the positive and negative consequence of each option
44
Divergence decision making
Write the choice and begin to gather information
45
Personal reflective journal writing skills
Trip evaluation forms Journal evaluations Debriefing Non verbal methods of reflection
46
Stages of group development
``` Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning ```
47
Forming
Group member makes initial contact with each other and the leader
48
Storming
Control of decision making begins to shift from the leader to the group
49
Norming
Establishment of acceptable standards of behaviour within the group through the development of group rules and goals
50
Performing
Group is motivated and committed as they combine together supportively to concentrate on tasks
51
Adjourning
Individual and group goals have been achieved and consolidated in various situations
52
Skills for building group relationships
``` Communication Active listening Assertiveness Negotiation Conflict resolution ```
53
Leadership theories
``` Trait Behavioural Situational theory Transactional Transformational ```
54
Trait theory
Leaders are born with certain qualities that enable them to become great leaders
55
Behavioural theory
Leaders were made not born
56
Situational theory
Work in different ways and change management style to suit the situation. Style varies from situation to situation
57
Transactional theory
Agreement is reached between leader and followers | Management by exception : Active and Passive leadership
58
Transformational theory
Leaders personality , enabling others to plan for the future and determine long term goals
59
Leadership controls
``` Telling Selling Testing Consulting Joining Delegating ```
60
Telling
Considers the situation
61
Selling
Considers alternative and makes the decision
62
Testing
Identifies the problem and proposes a solution giving reason
63
Consulting
Represents the problem, ask ideas and decides on solution
64
Joining
Outlines the problem to the group and joins the decision making
65
Delegating
Leader or group member outlines the problem
66
Types of leaders
Autocratic Democratic Laissez faire
67
Autocratic
leader has complete power | Decision are made without any form of consulting
68
Democratic
Shared decision making with the leader and member working together to produce a performing group
69
Laissez faire
Leader plays a minimal role in decision making and agrees to abide by the group decision
70
Briefing procedures
Contract Individual goal setting Authority Framing the experience
71
Seasons
The earths combined axial rotation and orbiting around the sun results in periods of weather
72
Comments of weather
``` Precipitation Humidity Wind Air pressure Air temperature Clouds ```
73
Precipitation
``` Dew and frost Fog Rain and drizzle Hail, snow and sleet Depends on the type of cooling and air mass ```
74
Humidity
Condition of the atmosphere with regards to its water vapour content
75
Wind
Air which is constantly moving
76
Air pressure
Pressure exerted on an object by the weight on the air above it
77
Air temperature
Measurement of heat energy in the atmosphere
78
Clouds
Comprised of floating water drops or ice crystals
79
Phytophthora cinnamimi (dieback)
Threat to south coast WA biodiversity | Disease that rots plants
80
Land salinity/degradation
Issue facing WA due to massive land clearance
81
Loss of biodiversity
Introducing species
82
Climate change
WA is getting warmer, rainfall is decreasing and ocean levels are rising
83
Whale shark tourism threats
Whale sharks spend have there days in shallow water and the rest in deep water This changes their movement habitats and an increase in stress levels as staying in the swallow water heats up the whales This also changes how they use their daily energy

Outdoor Ed (1 decks)

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