Exam September 5 ch 1 Crime/criminology

Question 1

1) how does Sutherland and Cresseys define criminology: ( 4 answers)
2) what is criminology :
3) What are the 7 combining academic fields that criminologist are drawn to :

4) Criminology: What’s the Purpose?
( 3 Answers)

Answer 1

1) How does Sutherland and Cressey define criminology:

Answer : They define criminology
as being

• a body of knowledge in which views crime as a social phenomenon

• ** ( social phenomenon = is all behavior that influences or is influenced by organisms )
• Example :( social phenomenon ) = racism ,marriage , world war 2***
• a processes of making laws
• process of breaking laws
• process of using methods to control criminal behavior

2) what is criminology ?:

Answer : criminology is a scientific approach used to study a criminal behavior

3) What are the 6 Interdisciplinary academic fields that criminologist are drawn to :

Answer:

1) economics
2) natural sciences
3) psychology
4) ) sociology
5) criminal justice
6) political justice

4) Criminology: What’s the Purpose?
Answer :
The purpose of criminology is:

1) to understand why people break the law.
2) to know the root of the issue
3) To know the most effective way to eliminate it

Question 2

A brief history of criminology:
1 ) what happen during the inquisition?
2) what were the bishop of the germah city of trier orders ?
3) what happened to people during the Middle Ages who violated social norms or religious practices ?

4) nineteenth century positivism what is it ?
5) Auguste Comte two main elements
6) what did Charles Darwin popularize and what has that led to ?
7) caesar Lombroso what did social positivism help him develop?
8) L.A.J. Quetelet what his most important finding?

Answer 2

1) the inquisition orders 900 sorcerers and witches to be burned to death

2 ) the bishop of the German city of trier ordered the deaths of 6500 people

3) during the Middle Ages those who violated socials or religious practices were believed to be witches or possessed by demons

4) Nineteenth-Century Positivism
●Application of scientific methods to study crime

5) ●Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
●Two main elements: 1) human behavior is a function of forces beyond a person’s control and 2) embracing the scientific method to solve problems

6)●Charles Darwin (1809-1882) popularized the positivist tradition
●Influences of physiognomy and phrenology
●Biological determinism -

7) Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) atavistic anomalies
●Social positivism developed to study the major social changes (sociology)

8) L.A.J. Quetelet most important finding was the correlation between social forces and crime rates
9) Émile Durkheim: Durkheims research on suicide shows that anomie societies have high suicide rates = anomie might cause other forms of deviance to develop / also argues that crime could be useful and healthy for a society
10) Auguste Comte applied scientific methods to the study of society

Question 3

Difference between criminology and criminal justice ?

And what would a criminologist look into as well as a criminal justice scholar

Answer 3

Criminology : explains the origin , extent and nature of crime in societies.

• criminologist = identify the nature extent and cause of crime

Criminal justice : refers to agencies of social control

• criminal justice scholars : seek more effective methods of crime control and offender rehabilitation

Question 4

Difference between criminology and deviance :

Answer 4

Criminology:
Studies criminal behavior

Deviance : studies behavior that stems from social norms

NOTE : not all crimes are deviant or unusual acts and not all deviant acts are illegal

Question 5

Definition of decriminalization ?:

Answer 5

Reducing the penalty for a criminal act but not actually legalizing it

Question 6

Definition of deviant behavior ?

Answer 6

Behaviour that departs from social norms but isn’t always

Question 7

Classical criminology ( 4 answer )

Answer 7

Classical School:

1. Principle of rationality: human beings have free will and their actions are the result of choice.
2. Pleasure and pain (or rewards and punishment are the major determinants of choice).
3. Deterrence is the best justification for punishment.
4. Human rights and due process principles.

Question 8

19th century positivism :

What are it’s two elements

Answer 8

Two main elements:
1) human behavior is a function of forces beyond a person’s control and

2) embracing the scientific method to solve problems

Question 9

What is the study of Penology :

What do penologist create :

How do Some criminologist view penology :

Answer 9

The study of penology involves the correction and controllment of criminal offenders

Penologist create new strategies for crime control to later on apply these policies

Some criminologist view penology as rehabilitation and treatment in which provides behavior alternatives for the offenders

Question 10

The Chicago school and the McGill school how does it analyzes crime :

What does social disorganization lead to ?

Answer 10

This school looks at crime in the context of where a person lives scholars conclude that social forces in urban areas create criminal interactions = making some neighborhoods natural areas for crime

The result of social disorganization reduces the ability of social institutions to control behavior = leads to high crime rate