exam sheet Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

“All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives” - Article 1, Section 7, United States Constitution. The main reason the writers of the Constitution included this provision was to

give citizens more influence over taxation issues

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“Congress Passes Alien and Sedition Acts’’ “Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus’’ “Wilson Signs 1918 Sedition Act”. These headlines show that the federal government can

restrict citizens’ rights in times of crisis

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“Congress Passes Alien and Sedition Acts” “Lincoln Suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus” “Roosevelt Authorizes Internment of Japanese Americans on West Coast”. Which conclusion is best supported by these headlines?

Perceived threats to national security sometimes result in limits on civil liberties.

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“President Wilson Represents the United States at Versailles” - “President Reagan Meets with Soviet President Gorbachev” - “President Carter Negotiates Camp David Accords” Each headline illustrates a time when the president of the United States acted as

chief diplomat

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“Senate Rejects Supreme Court Nominee” “Supreme Court Declares National Recovery Act (NRA) Unconstitutional” “Congress Overrides Truman Veto of Taft-Hartley Act”. Each of these headlines illustrates the use of

checks and balances

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There are two systems in the World nowadays: the Common Law and the (X) Law.

civil

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When Christopher Columbus, the Genoese sailor sent by Isabella of Spain as a competitor of England to find a westward road to the Indies, found the islands of the Caribbean in 1492, he discovered the mainland and the Natives, called the (X) “Indians” as he supposed that the lands he had found were part of Asia.

Skraelings

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If a man in Arizona is accused of killing his neighbour:

the State Courts have jurisdiction

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Vermont and Maine are fighting over a piece of land:

the US Supreme Court has original jurisdiction

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One mobile phone manufacturer files a money claim against a competitor for copying its product feature. On appeal :

the Federal Court of appeal (13th court) has jurisdiction

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The state of Texas wishes to challenge the 2017 Congressional Environmental Protection Law. Which court has jurisdiction?

the US Supreme Court has jurisdiction

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A man in Georgia is accused of smuggling drugs:

the State Courts have jurisdiction

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An African-American complains of being discriminated against by his boss: STATE courts first (an individual matter), but could go before the (X) Court.

US Supreme

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The US constitution may be invoked - (X) th Amendment against racial discrimination.

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In the US, Civil procedure begins by a plaint or X.

complaint

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Before a case can proceed, the court must determine whether the plaintiff has (X) o bring the suit.

a standing

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Columbus’s discovery was followed by many attempts made by the Europeans — (X) kings, to explore and conquer new lands on the continent and the many voyages at sea (some of them may have been ended disastrously).

French, English or Spanish

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In criminal cases, if the defendant is declared guilty by the jury, the next phase is (X).

sentencing hearing

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Evidence can include testimony from witnesses and tangible items presented through witnesses. Every witness suffers Examination, Cross examination and (X).

Reexamination

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After the defendant presents evidence, the parties
make (X) arguments.

closing

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The number of jurors on a civil jury can be as few as five or as many as (X), depending on the court.

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Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1585, decided to establish a colony to which he would later decide to give the name of (X) in honor of the Queen Elizabeth 1st (1558-1603).

Virginia

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In most courts, including federal courts, the jury’s decision must be (X).

unanimous

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When the verdict is delivered, the losing party may seek a (X) of the judgment.

reversal

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Sometimes a party may appeal a court order or decision to a higher court during trial. Known as an (X) appeal.

interlocutory

The Marbury v. Madison (X) case established judicial review as the foundation of the constitutional system.

1803

The most important case of the XXth century is Brown v. Board of Education (1954),which (X) school segregation.

struckdown

The Mc Cullogh v. Maryland Case resolved the controversy between a strict construction or a broad construction of the “(X)” clause of the Constitution.

unnecessary and unproper

The “commerce clause” vests in the Congress “to regulate the commerce”. In the (X) v. Ogden case, the justice Marshall had a broad view of commerce, covering all economic intercourse.

Gibbons

The Granger Cases arose out of the abuse that accompanied the post Civil War growth of railroads, allowing the States to control the (X) of the transportation by train.

fares

During the early years of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the US SC invalidated most of the (X) legislation, on the ground that manufacturing, mining and agriculture regulated by them were not within the “federal commerce power”.

New Deal

The National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Case(1937) was an important (X) and gave more power to the federal President.

change

Images of Indians have served for many books, plays, see _(X)_ by William Shakespeare written in 1611, said to have been inspired by many tales of sea travels and wrecks, and the modern film adaptations

The Tempest

In the case United states v. (X), the USSC decided that the President must obey to the rules binding all over officials.

Nixon

The Baker Case overruled previous decisions of the USSC and decided that Federal courts are competent to hear cases challenging legislative (X) as contrary to equal protection.

apportionments

In the Charles River bridge, it was held that where the rights of private property conflict with those of the community, the latter should be (X).

paramount

How many states did not have to draft new constitutions, since they already had republican governments as part of their colonial charters?

two

An important fact about the Americans who wrote the first state constitutions was that they (X).

demanded written documents.

Most new state constitutions after The American Revolution (X)

included a Declaration of Rights

Which of the following was NOT typical of the post-revolutionary state constitutions?

that they claimed the people at large as the basis of political authority

“The Virginian” was the handiwork of (X)

James Madison

The US flag is also called:

The Stars and Stripes

The flag and ensign Proportion 10:19 was adopted June 14, (X) (original 13-star version) .

1777

The American adventure really began in Jacobean times. : in the Spring of 1607, three small ships loaded with a hundred men all dreaming of the milk and honey the new land was to offer them, landed on the eastern coast and founded (X).

Jamestown

The Design of the US FLAG is made of (X) horizontal stripes alternating red and white

in the (Y), 50 white stars of alternating numbers of six and five per row on a blue field.

canton

The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 (X) of the USA.

states

The U.S. National Anthem is called the (X).

Stars spangled banner

The anthem was chosen in

1931

The music was written by British composer and early musicologist John Stafford (X) around 1773.

Smith

The lyrics come from ‘Defence of Fort Mc Henry’ a poem written by American (X) and amateur poet Francis Scott Key in 1814.

a lawyer

He was inspired to write it after he saw the American flag flying above Fort McHenry after US forces fought off an attack by British forces during the Battle of (X).

Baltimore

In the 19th century, ‘Hail, Columbia’ was used at official functions, alongside ‘My Country, ‘Tis of Thee’ – whose tune is the same as the UK national anthem, ‘God Save the (X)’

Queen

Over 6 months (as of January) takes place the choice of candidates who will attend the National (X) for each of the 2 main parties (Republicans and Democrats).

Convention

The second migration: In 1620, 13 years later, it was the turn of the famous (X) coming straight from Plymouth to land much further to the north in Massachusetts exactly on the 21st November 1620

Mayflower

The most popular way to choose delegates is the (X) Elections (held in half of the states). Hence do the citizens express their preferences. Voters may choose the candidates for the Presidency.

Primary

The other delegates are chosen in closed party meetings called (X) which attract less national attention.

Caucus

In July and August before the election, (X) meet to select their nominees.

delegates

It is in a fair-like atmosphere that they finally “nominate their choice” as to the candidates for a ‘(X)’: President and Vice President.

ticket

The citizens who are eligible to vote are the registered citizens over (X) .

In order to vote, you may go to the polls on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of (Y).

November

This is not a direct vote from the elector to the candidate, but an indirect suffrage via Electors from the Electoral College, which was established by the Constitution. The number of electoral votes depends on the (X) - New York: 33; California, 55.

population

The candidate who receives a majority of the popular vote in a state, no matter how small, wins all the electoral votes of that state according to the ‘(X) take-all’ system.

winner

Each state has a number of (X) or “electoral votes” equivalent to the number of its members of both houses of Congress combined (number of Congressional districts + 2 senators)

electors

These are to be chosen through a process determined by state legislatures. Any state legislature could be entitled simply to choose them without any elections, but today every state chooses by (X)

popular vote

Hence the still very much celebrated Thanksgiving Day on the 4th Thursday of November with the traditional dish of the (X) as a sign of abundance).

turkey

The voters in each state (X) their ballots for the candidate chosen, and the winner receives the totality of that state’s electoral votes (except for Maine and Nebraska which distribute their votes proportionally).

casts

What is the State Capital of Washington?

Olympia

What is the State Capital of California?

Sacramento

What is the State Capital of Nevada?

Carson City

What is the common term for a Union soldier?

Yankee

What is the State Capital of IDAHO?

Boise

What is the State Capital of Montana?

Helena

The two minutes speech by President Lincoln at a ceremony dedicating the Battlefield as a National Cemetery is called

Gettysburg address

The eleven states that seceded from the United States to form their own country are called:

Confederacy

What is the State Capital of MAINE?

Augusta

What is the State Capital of WYOMING?

Cheyenne

The declaration issued by President Lincoln freeing all slaves is called:

Emancipation Proclamation

The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution is called...

The continental congress

What is the State Capital of UTAH?

Salt Lake City

What is the State Capital of COLORADO?

Denver

The passengers, who numbered 102, were Calvinists who had lived in Holland rather than submit to English Anglicanism, called The (X), and who had come here to flee from English persecutions and set a separate church of their own.

Pilgrim Fathers

The Tax that the British government placed on newspapers, books and documents sold in the colonies is called..

the Stamp Act

The name of the Colonists who could be ready in a minute to fight the British are called

the Sons of Liberty

What is the State Capital of North Dakota?

Bismarck

What is the State Capital of South Dakota ?

Pierre

What is the State Capital of ALASKA?

Juneau

The killing of five men by British soldiers on March 5, 1770 is called....

The Boston Massacre

The Provisional peace treaty signed after Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown is called

the treaty of Paris

The Boston citizens disguised as Indians raided three British ships and dumped chests of tea into the harbour as a protest against taxes on tea are called

the patriots

The Civilian soldiers who are trained to fight but not part of the regular army are named The

militias

The Colonists who remained loyal to the King during the American Revolution are called

the loyalists

The ..... amendment states “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the state wherein they reside.”

first

The migrants, whether they be adventurers or persecuted Puritans, meant to take their destiny into their own hands. Then began the long colonial period under King of Britain, which would last (X) and a half

one century

Which of the following is not a freedom guaranteed by the first amendment?

the freedom from taxes

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the U.S. government?

to ensure wealth

What fundamental political principle means people are the source of any and all government power?

Consent of the Governed

What fundamental political principle means the government and those who govern are bound by the law?

rule of law

What does the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America establish?

That the power of government comes from the people

What First Amendment freedom guarantees that the media has the right to gather and publish information, including that which criticizes the government?

freedom of the press

What First Amendment freedom guarantees that individuals may peacefully gather?

freedom of petition

One century earlier, in 1524, the French under François 1er, had sent an Italian, Giovanni Verrazano, to explore the Atlantic coast of North America, which led to the discovery of Manhattan Island and the harbor of the (X) River.

Hudson

Which early document stated grievances against the king of Great Britain?

Magna Carta

The Declaration of Independence established the idea that

A country should decide what rights its citizens want

The Declaration of Independence affirmed that all men had certain..

unalienable rights

Which early document maintained that major powers resided with individual states?

the Articles of Confederation

Which of the following BEST describes the amendment process?

propose and then ratify

The Constitution has been amended ____ times

Who must ratify an amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

3/4 of the States

New York, called at first New (X), was settled in 1624, when Dutch fur-traders bought the Manhattan Island from the Indians for 60 guilders (about 20 dollars).

Amsterdam

Maryland was so named in honor of Charles I’s French wife, and founded in 1634 by a Catholic nobleman, Lord (X).

Baltimore

In 1635, emigrants from (X) searching for better land had to move to Connecticut, which was the first colony to adopt a constitution. Roger Williams, banned from (X) for his free thought regarding the relation of Church and State, fled to Rhode Island, where he founded the city of (Y) in 1636. The Swedes sent colonists to (Z) in 1638, then it was the turn of New Jersey.

Massachusetts/Providence/Delaware

The (X) William Penn founded Philadelphia on what was to become the new territory of Pennsylvania.

Quaker

The colonies, operating under a separate Royal (X), with a separate court system and governing institutions, “then developed distinct local practices”.

Charter

President Lincoln wrote which 2 documents?

Gettysburg Address/Emancipation Proclamation

Who was the President of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

Why did Robert E. Lee decide not to fight for the Union.?

He would not fight against his own state

The Battle of Lexington/Concord was the...

first battle of the Revolutionary War

Who was the first person to sign the U.S. Declaration of Independence?

John Bancroft

In which year did the United States issue the Declaration of Independence?

1776

The English power did not pay much attention to its colonies and saw this organization not so much as a (X) but as a part of a unified empire.

federation

Which British general was defeated by American forces in the Saratoga campaign of 1777?

John Burgoyne

Who was the commander of the first French fleet sent to support the American colonists during the American Revolution?

Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Henri-Hector comte d'Estaing

The original colonies did not need an elaborate system, because there were practically no (X).

lawyers

When in the 18th century, the famous book by the leading Oxford jurist William (X) _Commentaries on the Laws of England_ (printed in Philadelphia in 1771-1772) became a best-seller in America (1,500 copies were sold, and as many in England), English law came to be considered more.

Blackstone

The early colonies refused the classical separation in the legal profession between (X).

barristers and solicitors

There is no federal or ‘national’ lawyers even today, but rather local ones, one speaks of New York lawyers, Massachusetts or Connecticut lawyers. They would then gain more and more in importance: 25 of the 56 (X) of the Declaration of Independence were lawyers.

signatories

The constitutional crisis began towards the end of the (X) War between England and France (1756-63). As the war had been very costly, Parliament decided to _raise _a revenue, and increase taxation on the colonies. This triggered off the crisis leading to the Revolution.

Seven Years'

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