Exam Study

Question 1

Levels of Measurement

Answer 1

• Measures variables
• Assigns mathematical value
• Determines type of analysis to use

Question 2

4 levels of measurement

Answer 2

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

Question 3

Nominal Data

Answer 3

Categorises based on name, doesn’t hold numerical value (eg. Hair colour)

Question 4

Ordinal Data

Answer 4

Name indicates value, but the ratio between categories is meaningless (eg. race car drivers finishing 1st, 2nd, or 3rd)

Question 5

Interval Data

Answer 5

Scale of known, evenly distributed intervals between values, with no zero (eg. temprature)

Question 6

Ratio Data

Answer 6

Same as interval, with the addition of true zero (eg. weight)

Question 7

Nominal and Ordinal data tests

Answer 7

Median, Mode, Non-Parametric tests

Question 8

Interval and Ratio data tests

Answer 8

Parametric, mean, median, mode, frequency, range, distribution

Question 9

Ethical Research

Answer 9

Set of moral standards that govern behaviour

Question 10

5 principals of ethical research

Answer 10

1) Informed consent
2) privacy
3) confidentiality
4) undue harm (legal, economical and social)
5) Data usage, storage and reporting

Question 11

Rights of participants

Answer 11

• Withdraw at any time
• Not be subject to coercion
• Informed free consent, in accepted format

Question 12

Variables

Answer 12

Characteristic or phenomenon that may take on more than one value

Question 13

Types of variables

Answer 13

• Discreet
• Continuous
• Independent
• Dependant
• Control
• Confounding

Question 14

Discreet Variables

Answer 14

Variable that can only take on certain number of values (eg. cars in a carpark)

Question 15

Continuous

Answer 15

Variable with infinite number of values (eg. time or weight)

Question 16

Independent

Answer 16

Manipulated variable

Question 17

Dependant

Answer 17

Observed variable, outcome of the experiment

Question 18

Controlled variables

Answer 18

Must be held constant

Question 19

Confounding variables

Answer 19

extra variables that affect results outcome

Question 20

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 20

Mean
Median
Mode

Question 21

Measures of Dispersion

Answer 21

Range
Variance
Standard Deviation

Question 22

Between Subjects Design

Answer 22

Different groups test the variables

Question 23

Within-Subjects Design (repeated measures)

Answer 23

The same group tests the two variables

Question 24

Advantages of within subjects design

Answer 24

• fewer participants
• reduced time of experiment and research
• reduces between group variances

Question 25

advantages of between subjects design

Answer 25

• no contamination of participants between levels
• can collect more data

Question 26

DISadvantages of within subjects design

Answer 26

• order of experiment impacts next stage
• practise affects
• fatigue affects

Question 27

DISadvantages of between subjects design

Answer 27

• groups may not be equally skilled and bias results
• complex and requires more participants

Question 28

Reliability

Answer 28

Can be repeated and show same results

Question 29

Validity

Answer 29

Degree to which experiment tests what it aims to test

Question 30

Qualitative Data Collection Methods

Answer 30

• Interviews
• Diaries
• Focus Groups
• Participant Observations
• Naturalistic Observations

Question 31

Big Q qualitative research

Answer 31

Inductive, theory-generating, exploratory

Question 32

Little q qualitative research

Answer 32

Deductive, confirmatory, testing existing thesis

Question 33

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 33

Ways of describing data
- Measures of central tendency
- Measures of dispersion