Exam Study Flashcards
(20 cards)
emergent properties
new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life
eukaryotic cells
contain membrane-enclosed organelles and include a DNA containing nucleus
prokaryotic cells
lack membrane closed organelles
gene expression
process which information is encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
genome
genetic material of an organism or virus
producers
convert energy from sunlight to chemical energy
consumer
organisms that feed on others or their remains
feedback regulation
regulation of a process by its output or end product
negative feedback
accumulation of end product slows its production
positive feedback
an end product speeds up it’s own production
elements
cannot be broken down chemically to other substances
hydrolysis
breaking of water
covalent bond
the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
electronegativity
an atoms attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
non polar covalent bonds
atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bonds
one atoms is more electronegative than the other and there is not equal sharing
hydrogen bond
when hydrogen atom covalently bonds to an electronegative atom attracted to another atom
ionic bonds
the sharing of electrons
cohesion
hydrogen bonds hold water together
hydrophilic
like water
