exam stuff

Question 1

What is a food system?

Answer 1

A food system is the way we get our food, all the elements and activities related to producing and consuming food.

Question 2

Define hunter-gatherer society.

Answer 2

A hunter-gatherer society is a community that relies on the land for food, foraging for plants and hunting animals, characterized by being nomadic, small groups, and equal sharing of resources.

Question 3

Define agrarian society.

Answer 3

An agrarian society is a community based on producing and keeping crops and farms, a domesticated society that does not move around for food.

Question 4

What factors contributed to the development of farming and agriculture?

Answer 4

• Increase in population
• Reduced need for hunter-gatherers
• Exchanging goods and foods.

Question 5

How has the development of agricultural practices influenced our food systems today?

Answer 5

We learned how to irrigate, mass produce, and use crops for other purposes like clothing and medicine.

Question 6

What is food culture?

Answer 6

Food culture is the habits that come with your heritage, including attitudes, beliefs, and practices surrounding food production and consumption.

Question 7

What is food cuisine?

Answer 7

Food cuisine is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques, and dishes.

Question 8

List natural resources, climate influences, and social circumstances that impact culture and cuisine.

Answer 8

• Geography
• Precipitation
• Topography
• Religion
• Culture
• History.

Question 9

What is the difference between culture and cuisine?

Answer 9

Culture encompasses the practices surrounding the way we eat, while cuisine refers to the style and ingredients used in cooking due to the environment.

Question 10

What are three factors that influenced different cultures and cuisines around the world?

Answer 10

• Religion
• Geography
• Climate.

Question 11

Define commodities.

Answer 11

A commodity is a material or primary production that can be bought or sold, a useful or valuable thing.

Question 12

What is the history of foods as a commodity?

Answer 12

Food has been used as a commodity to trade with other countries to build relationships.

Question 13

What was the purpose of the ADG (Australian Dietary Guidelines)?

Answer 13

The ADG was made to combat chronic disease.

Question 14

List the guidelines of the ADG.

Answer 14

• Be physically active
• Eat from all 5 food groups
• Limit foods with saturated fats, added salt, sugars, and alcohol
• Support and promote breastfeeding
• Care for your food.

Question 15

Why is it important to eat different types of vegetables and fruits?

Answer 15

Different types provide various nutrients and antioxidants.

Question 16

Why should you get food from all five food groups?

Answer 16

It provides all the correct micro and macro nutrients.

Question 17

What is a macronutrient?

Answer 17

A vital nutrient needed in large quantities by the body.

Question 18

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates are the main energy source, fuel for high-intensity exercise, and promote digestive health.

Question 19

What do proteins break down into?

Answer 19

Proteins are broken down into small compounds called amino acids.

Question 20

List the four main types of fats.

Answer 20

• Polyunsaturated fats
• Monounsaturated fats
• Saturated fats
• Trans fats.

Question 21

What is digestion?

Answer 21

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller substances for nutrient absorption.

Question 22

Define mechanical digestion.

Answer 22

Mechanical digestion begins with biting and cutting food, followed by chewing to increase surface area and make it easier to swallow.

Question 23

Define chemical digestion.

Answer 23

Chemical digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules using enzymes for absorption.

Question 24

What is the job of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 24

To begin the process of both mechanical and chemical breaking down of food.

Question 25

What is the role of salivary glands?

Answer 25

To make saliva which moistens food to make it easier to swallow.

Question 26

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 26

To transport food to the stomach.

Question 27

What does the stomach do in the digestion process?

Answer 27

It breaks down food both mechanically and chemically, preparing it for further digestion.

Question 28

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 28

The liver regulates chemical levels in the blood and creates bile, which breaks down fat.

Question 29

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 29

Stores and concentrates bile before releasing it into the small intestine.

Question 30

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 30

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients the body needs.

Question 31

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 31

Absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming and storing solid waste.

Question 32

What is the appendix?

Answer 32

Produces and stores good microbes for the human gut.

Question 33

What is the rectum's function?

Answer 33

It is a holding area for stool.

Question 34

What does the anus do?

Answer 34

It opens to let food waste out.

Question 35

How are carbohydrates digested?

Answer 35

The process starts in the mouth where they are broken down, and monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 36

How are carbohydrates absorbed?

Answer 36

They are absorbed in the small intestine as simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Question 37

How are carbohydrates utilized by the body?

Answer 37

They are used as a form of energy, particularly as glucose, and can be stored as glycogen or converted into fat.

Question 38

How is protein digested?

Answer 38

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes break proteins into smaller peptides, which are further broken down into amino acids in the small intestine.

Question 39

How are proteins absorbed?

Answer 39

They are absorbed as tripeptides, dipeptides, and single amino acids through the small intestine.

Question 40

How are proteins utilized by the body?

Answer 40

For building and repairing body tissues, supporting immune functions, and driving various bodily processes.

Question 41

How is fat digested?

Answer 41

In the small intestine with the help of enzymes and bile from the liver, which emulsifies fats.

Question 42

How are fats absorbed?

Answer 42

They are absorbed as triglycerides through the intestinal cells.

Question 43

How are fats utilized by the body?

Answer 43

For energy storage, insulation, organ protection, hormone production, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, and maintaining healthy cell membranes.

Question 44

Define Indigenous Australians.

Answer 44

Indigenous Australians are the first nations people of the Australian mainland and islands, with familial heritage from ethnic groups that lived in Australia before the British arrival.

Question 45

What are common bush tucker foods?

Answer 45

* Kakadu plum * Lemon myrtle damper * Wattle seed * Snacks * Turtles * Bush fruit.

Question 46

What are common tools used by Indigenous Australians for food collection?

Answer 46

* Spear * Boomerang * Stone * Wood * Baskets * Sticks for digging * Net.

Question 47

Define industrialization.

Answer 47

Industrialization is the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing.

Question 48

What are technologies in food production?

Answer 48

Technologies in food processing and production enable more rapid, automated, precise, and consistent food products.

Question 49

Define globalization.

Answer 49

Globalization is the integration of local and national economies and industries, involving the movement of goods and services on a global scale.

Question 50

Define fair trade.

Answer 50

Fair trade is an arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve sustainable and equitable trading relationships.

Question 51

Why did the convicts come to Australia?

Answer 51

The prisons were full due to the American independence war.

Question 52

Where did the First Fleet dock?

Answer 52

Botany Bay in Sydney.

Question 53

List some animals that were brought over by the First Fleet.

Answer 53

* 7 horses * 74 rabbits * 6 cattle * 5 turkeys * 29 sheep * 29 ducks * 12 pigs * 35 fowl * 3 goats.

Question 54

What were some challenges faced by the First Fleet?

Answer 54

* Climate - too dry and hot * Land - rocky and dry * Soil fertility - dry and not fertile * Conflict with First Nations people * Unskilled convicts * Unfamiliar with native food resources * Inadaptability of resources.

Question 55

What factors contributed to the development of food production?

Answer 55

* Knowledge and skills * Machinery * Population demand * World War I innovations.