Exam Stuff (9thS1) Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
Alexander the Great?
A
Alexander the Great:
- Died at age 32 due to fever because he drank a lot
- Started ruling the Greek Empire at age 20
- Conquered western Turkey in 336 BCE, then went on to conquer Phoenicia
- Later went on to conquer Egypt
- Established many places that he named after himself (over 70)
- Built the hellenistic empire
- Until Alexander came to rule the empire King Philip II had conquered all of Greece (338 BCE)
- Cared about the people
- Was charismatic
- Was egotistical
3
Q
Alphabetic Writing?
A
Alphabetic Writing:
- Around 700 BCE, alphabetic writing arrived in Greece.
- Alphabetic writing democratized people. You only needed to learn 26 symbols to be able to read (unlike the more traditional writings were only the highly educated could read).
- The Greek added vowels
- Because of the alphabet, greek literature, poetry, philosophy, drama, and medicine blossomed.
4
Q
Aristotle who???
A
5
Q
Aryans?
A
Aryans:
- Central Asian nomads who migrated south and east into modern day Iran, Pakistan and Northern India.
- Skin color varies, so there are lots of racial issues. Aryans had lighter skin than the South Asian people(whom they invaded).
- Brought their religion with them- based on the Vedas.
- Horses gave them a large advantage over those who lived in the areas they came to.
- were adopted by the nazi movement as a symbol, though they did not actually fit the extremely racist ideals
- Called the “master race” by Hitler even though he was not one.
6
Q
Asceticism:
A
Asceticism:
- Appreciate the small things
- Focus on universal soul
- they leave all of their families and belongings to pursue religion and asceticism practices
- can be practiced for reasons besides religion
- base of many religions
- famous ascetics are, Shakyamuni Gautama, Mahavir Swami, Anthony the Great, Francis of Assisi, Jesus, and Mahatma Ghandi
- Can be tied to any other language, more of a lifestyle than a religion.
- You can’t kill anything at all.
- started in 600 BCE
- had brooms to sweep bugs out of the way
7
Q
Buddhism:
A
Buddhism:
- Started by Siddhartha Gautama
- Rejection of Brahmin
- Focus on universal soul
- self denial
- all things have souls
- rejection of caste system
- seek to escape rebirth system
- No killing, no harm.
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS OF BUDDHISM
- Life is suffering
- Suffering comes from attachment
- happiness is possible through ending attachments
- … So follow the eightfold path!
8
Q
Camels?
(I know… why are you being asked about this???)
A
Camels:
When the high-mounted saddle was invented it became possible to ride camels.
Camels started the expansion of trade routes across deserts due to easy traversing of rough terrain
They need less water and can handle walking on hot sand, and they can carry lots of goods that are being transported.
9
Q
Christianity?
A
Christianity:
- Christianity is the religion created by the followers of their prophet jesus christ of nazareth..
- Was formed off of different religion
- Jesus preached his ideas publically about morality, and he included the promise that the “kingdom of god was close at hand”
- Spread mainly due to that it appealed to the poor and the women who were oppressed
- It also promised an opportunity for a happy eternity and redemption for doing wrong
- It also created an idea of equality
10
Q
Democracy:
A
Democracy:
Demokratia (People power)
A government system in which the people have power. In the case of Greece, it was a direct democracy, meaning that all citizens vote directly on all decisions.
11
Q
Greece?
A
Greece:
In the period we studied, Greece was never one combined government (with the exception of the Macedonian conquest (Alexander the Great)), but was instead a collection of separate poleis.
12
Q
Greek Polis?
A
Polis (plural poleis):
A Greek City-State, an area of farmland around a city.
government leaders (Magistrates) were elected by the citizens for 1 year terms.
Women, Slaves, and foreigners were not included in the democracy.
ex: Athens, Corinth, Delphi, and SPARTA
13
Q
Greek Polis?
A
14
Q
Hellenistic empire:
A
15
Q
Hindu Caste System?
A
Hindu Caste System:
- By gaining good karma, (by being good in life) you can move up to a better class in your next life.
- Kshatriya: Hindu warrior and royal caste
- Vaishyas: Hindu artisan and merchant caste
- Brahmin: highest Hindu caste, priests and royals
- Sudra: Hindu worker caste
- With in the 3000 different castes there are 25,000 sub castes.
- Untouchables: Slave class
16
Q
Hinduism?
A
Hinduism
- Evolved from the belief system of the Aryans.
- Unknown who it was started by, however it was probably started by a Aryan.
- Not a very restrictive religion, let you do many things and not much is required. There are some festivals, around ten.
- Left hand is impure, women not as good as men, and you should give lots of gifts.
- They believed in self denial and this was a kind of not as extreme as the Ascetics
- There was a focus on universal soul but not a lot. There was also a focus on rituals and gods.
- They do believe in nonviolence, but not when it comes down to ritual sacrifice.
- They believe in:
- Truthfulness
- no stealing
- Chastity
- And a seek to escape rebirth cycle “karma”
- They don’t believe in:
- Rejection of Brahmin power
- Rejection of the Caste system
17
Q
Horses?
A
Horses:
Originated in central asia
Powerful weapons of war
Allowed Aryans to conquer whoever they wanted
Used by Aryans, Mongols and numerous other society to establish powerful empires.
Best weapon until the tank.
18
Q
How is the U.S. like Rome?
A
The U.S. like Rome:
Wealth gaps, and same basic governmental structure.
Two consuls are like the presidents, and both have a senate.
The wealth gaps had led to riots in Rome, and nowadays the 99% and Occupy Wall Street
19
Q
Islam?
A
Islam:
- A religion created by the prophet muhammad that focuses on its use of a single god, Allah.
- Focuses on the idea of a single god, thereby unifying its followers
- Very portable and it appeals to poor people
- is followed by 1/4th of people.
- Cultures have been shaped by ancient Islamic tradition
- Tribal war
- Mecca is a holy city in Islam, all prayer is directed toward this city.
*
20
Q
Jainism:
A
Jainism:
- Started around 540 BCE
- The person who started it was Mahavira- who wrote codes for Janists.
- They believed in self-denial
- They had focus on the universal soul
- They believed in no killing and no violence.
- Everything had a soul and they were strict vegetarians. Never killed anything, not even for food.
- Believed in the following:
- Truthfulness
- Non-stealing
- Chastity
- Rejection of Brahmin power
- Seek to escape rebirth cycle “karma”
- Rejection of the caste system
21
Q
Judaism:
A
Judaism:
A religion descendant from the prophet Abraham.
Jewish religion is very popular today.
First major monotheistic religion.
Recognizes Yahweh as the one and only god.
22
Q
Mediterranean Sea??????
A
Mediterranean:
Medi=in the middle of, Terranean=land
Important for trade in Egypt, Europe and all bordering countries.
23
Q
Minoans?
A
Minoans:
(2100-1400 BCE)
The country cousins of pharaonic egypt.
Society and trade was centralized under sacred ruler.
Predecessor to Mycenaeans then Greeks.
24
Q
Mycenaeans?
A
Mycenaeans:
(1400-1100)
- Indo-Europeans who blended into indigenous Greek population
- based on bronze age chariot aristocracies of the Hittites
- invaded by iron-wielding Dorians in 1100 BCE
- for the next 300 years, Greece was fragmented and disorganized, but turned to the polis
25
Phalanx warfare???? Whats dat?
Phalanx warfare: (SPARTA)
1. Democracy led greek warriors to believe in what they were fighting for.
2. Fighting in unison creates a sense of oneness.
3. Citizenship required fighting (unless you were a child or veteran) which requires having weapons which required not being poor. Thus, elected leaders made policies that increased opportunity for all. From about 700 BCE to 400 BCE Greece was an incredibly equal place.
- you needed to fight to vote
- you needed weapons to be able to fight
- you needed wealth to be able to have weapons
4. Fighting in one group was more effective, you could protect each other with shields and coordinate orders.
26
Philip II of Macedonia, WHO???
Philip II of Macedonia:
Leader who built up an Army to Crush the Poleis’ but maintain the Greek culture. He died soon afterward.
27
Plato?
Plato:
(427-347)BCE
* Wrote 38 dialogues of a philosophical nature
* Grew up rich, but abandoned fortunes to become a student of socrates
* Philosopher and mathematician
* Student of Socrates
* Got many ideas from Socrates at first, but later got his own idea
* Valued education -- thought it made people more virtuous
28
Ptolemaic empire:
Ptolemaic empire:
The empire in Egypt after Alexander the Great’s empire fell.
29
Rice??? Wh.. Wha?? Why is it importaint?
Rice:
Lead to the expansion of the eastern world.
It was super easy to store and it was able to be traded to other countries.
It allowed civilizations, especially China, to advance in other jobs than farming.
In southern China they built terraces and created strings of fast growing rice, the rice soon piled up and created a lot of surplus and spread all throughout East Asia.
Bring in the Farmer Power Chart!!!!
30
Roman “Res Publica”?
Roman “Res Publica” :
* People’s thing, the system of Government used by Rome.
* The citizens (white males with at least a minimum amount of land) voted for representatives (tribunes) and leaders (consuls and senators).
* The senators were always Patricians, effectively forcing out the average people from decision-making.
* The senate advised the two consuls.
* The consuls acted like the president does for us today, but there were two consuls instead of one president.
* There were also public gatherings. These were also mainly for patricians at first, but eventually the commoners had a say as well.
31
Seleucid Empire:
Seleucid Empire:
The empire in the modern day middle east after Alexander the Great’s empire fell.
32
Socratic Method?
Socratic Method
Student driven, students have to want to learn.
Teaching through open ended questions and long discussions that bring out the students opinion:
These usually have four themes:
1. Devotion to ethics
2. Development of the inductive method of reasoning
3. Linked knowledge to happiness
4. Questioned people about things that they were accustomed to
33
US-Middle East Policy?
*(Hint: There are 4 options)*
US-Middle East Policy
4 Options
1. Break free of entanglements and leave the Middle East alone
2. Police a rough neighborhood and send in the army, to monitor the Middle East
3. Press for Democracy and Human Rights
4. Focus on oil
34
Vedas?
Vedas:
A series of religious books under the Aryan religion
35
What are the factors that influenced the fall of Greece?
Factors that influenced the decline of Greece:
(In no specific order)
Conflict and competition between city-states broke down a sense of community in Greece
Constant war divided the Greek city-states into shifting alliances; it was also very costly to all citizens.
There was increasing tension and conflict between ruling aristocracy and the poorer classes
Greek colonies around the Mediterranean knew about Greek culture but were not necessarily loyal to Greece
The neighboring states were increasing in power and were more unified than the city-states of Greece.
Philip of Macedonia, to the north of Greece, had a strong military and a unified monarchy which gave him the power to eventually
36
What made the Polis so powerful?
What made the Polis so powerful?
The polis allowed the people of greece to have a more localized government. It allowed the people to really want to defend what they have. It also allowed the people of Greece to “personalize their style of government. It allowed the people of the state to create their own Government and thus feel more connected to it. Not just the leader saying serve or die.
37
What was the Roman approch to other religions?
They let them be as long as they were quiet, they recognized the power of the ruler, and they paid their taxes.
