Exam Terms

Question 1

Malacca

Answer 1

As early as the 1st century CE, traders from China, India, and the Arab world used this route to exchange spices, silk, ceramics, textiles, and precious metals. The strait facilitated the rise of port cities and trading empires.

Question 2

What was the Plague Bonus?

Answer 2

A demographic and economic phenomenon following the Black Death

Question 3

What does Reconquista refer to?

Answer 3

The period of history when Christian kingdoms sought to reclaim territory from Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula

Question 4

Who were the Mughals?

Answer 4

A prominent empire in the Indian subcontinent known for its cultural and architectural achievements

Question 5

What was the Ming Dynasty?

Answer 5

A Chinese dynasty known for its trade expansion and cultural flourishing

Question 6

What is Cahokia?

Answer 6

A pre-Columbian Native American city located near present-day St. Louis, known for its large earthen mounds

Question 7

Define Mercantilism.

Answer 7

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy and maximizing exports

Question 8

What was the Habsburg Empire?

Answer 8

A major European dynasty that ruled over a vast territory including Austria, Spain, and parts of the Holy Roman Empire

Question 9

What does the term English Atlantic refer to?

Answer 9

The historical period and region focused on English colonial expansion and trade across the Atlantic Ocean

Question 10

What was the Bengal Famine of 1770?

Answer 10

A catastrophic famine in Bengal resulting in millions of deaths due to food shortages

Question 11

What is meant by New Imperialism?

Answer 11

The late 19th and early 20th century expansion of European powers into Africa and Asia

Question 12

What are Unequal Treaties?

Answer 12

Treaties imposed on weaker states by stronger powers, often resulting in significant concessions

Question 13

Who were the Sepoys?

Answer 13

Indian soldiers who served under British command in the colonial army

Question 14

What was the Hokkaido Wolf?

Answer 14

A now-extinct subspecies of wolf that was native to Hokkaido, Japan

Question 15

Define Race Science.

Answer 15

A discredited field of study that sought to classify humans based on perceived racial differences

Question 16

What is Manifest Destiny?

Answer 16

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was justified and inevitable

Question 17

What is Fascism?

Answer 17

A far-right authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology characterized by dictatorial power and strong regimentation of society

Question 18

What are Marshal Races?

Answer 18

A concept in race theory that categorizes races based on perceived characteristics and capabilities

Question 19

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Answer 19

A political revolution in Japan that restored imperial rule and led to modernization and industrialization

Question 20

What is Indirect Rule?

Answer 20

A colonial policy where local rulers maintain their authority under the guidance of colonial powers

Question 21

What is The Frontier Thesis?

Answer 21

An argument by historian Frederick Jackson Turner that the American frontier shaped the nation’s democracy and character

Question 22

Who was Mao Zedong?

Answer 22

The founding father of the People’s Republic of China and a key figure in the Chinese Communist Party

Question 23

What is Totalitarianism?

Answer 23

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life

Question 24

What are the Six Arrows?

Answer 24

The six guiding principles of the ideology of the Turkish Republic, emphasizing nationalism, populism, and secularism

Question 25

Who was Mateo Ricci?

Answer 25

An Italian Jesuit missionary known for his efforts to promote Christianity in China

Question 26

What was The Year without Summer?

Answer 26

The year 1816, marked by severe climate abnormalities leading to widespread crop failures

Question 27

What was The Sublime Porte?

Answer 27

The central government of the Ottoman Empire, often used to refer to its administrative authority

Question 28

Define Modernity.

Answer 28

A historical period characterized by the transition from feudalism to capitalism, industrialization, and the rise of nation-states

Question 29

What is Calcutta known for?

Answer 29

A major city in India, historically significant as a center of trade and British colonial administration

Question 30

What is Pan-Africanism?

Answer 30

A movement advocating for the unity and solidarity of African people worldwide

Question 31

Who was Al - Idrisi?

Answer 31

An Arab geographer and cartographer known for his detailed maps of the world during the Middle Ages

Question 32

What was Malacca?

Answer 32

A strategic port city in Southeast Asia that was a vital center for trade and cultural exchange

Question 33

Define Orientalism.

Answer 33

A framework for understanding the East as exotic and backward, often used to justify colonialism

Question 34

What is Settler Colonialism?

Answer 34

A form of colonialism where settlers come to stay and establish permanent control over indigenous lands

Question 35

What was The Silk Road?

Answer 35

An ancient trade route connecting the East and West, facilitating cultural and economic exchange

Question 36

What role did Tobacco play in history?

Answer 36

A cash crop that became a significant economic factor in colonial economies, especially in North America

Question 37

What is Al - Andalus?

Answer 37

The historical Muslim territory in the Iberian Peninsula, known for its cultural achievements

Question 38

What is a Caliph?

Answer 38

A religious and political leader in Islam, considered a successor to the Prophet Muhammad

Question 39

What was the Umayyad Dynasty?

Answer 39

The first major Islamic caliphate, known for its vast territorial expansion

Question 40

What was The Little Ice Age?

Answer 40

A period of cooler temperatures that affected Europe and North America from the 14th to the 19th century

Question 41

What are Company States?

Answer 41

Colonial entities established by trading companies that governed territories for economic gain

Question 42

What was The Seven Years War?

Answer 42

A global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763, often considered the first 'world war'

Question 43

What is Tiger Hunting in the context of colonial India?

Answer 43

A sport and symbol of British imperial power, often involving the hunting of tigers by British officials

Question 44

What was The Second British Empire?

Answer 44

A term used to describe the expansion of the British Empire in the 19th century, particularly in Africa and Asia

Question 45

What was The Industrial Revolution?

Answer 45

A period of major industrialization that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial

Question 46

What was The Isining Rebellion?

Answer 46

A significant uprising against colonial rule in China during the late 19th century

Question 47

What were Crusader States?

Answer 47

Territorial states established by Western European crusaders in the Middle East during the Crusades

Question 48

What were the Opium Wars?

Answer 48

Conflicts between China and Britain over trade imbalances and opium trade in the 19th century