Exam Terms to Know

Question 1

Mental Disorder / Major Mental Disorder

Answer 1

abnormal pattern of thoughts, emotions, or behaviours caused by a personal dysfunction associated with lots of personal distress or disability

Question 2

Psychosis

Answer 2

Psychosis is a group of symptoms that involve impaired reality testing

A person has difficulty perceiving what is real and what is fantasy

Question 3

Links between mental disorder and crime

Answer 3

The links between mental disorders and crime have followed three lines of inquiry:

• Mental disorder among criminal offenders
• Criminal behaviour among psychiatric patients
• Mental disorder and crime among community samples

Question 4

Criminalization of mental disorder

Answer 4

individuals with mental disorders go into the criminal justice system for disruptive behaviours instead of being treated as patients in the mental health system

Question 5

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 5

This is a policy implemented in many Western jurisdictions that involves transferring psychiatric patients out of large-scale institutions and into community-based care

Question 6

Police discretion

Answer 6

Police are more likely to arrest someone with a mental disorder as opposed to someone doing the same conduct with no disorder

Question 7

Ease of apprehension

Answer 7

This is when offenders with mental disorders may be more easily identified and apprehended for the crime they commit

Question 8

Symptom-based theories of crime

Answer 8

Theories that contribute to the criminal behaviour of a person with a mental disorder to the altered perceptions, thoughts, and emotions experienced as a result of his or her mental condition

Question 9

Symptom consistent behaviour

Answer 9

Conducts that appear to reflect the symptoms of a person’s mental disorder making it easier to tell the disorder that contributed to his or her behaviour

Question 10

Delusions and crime

Answer 10

Some qualities that are associated with an increased risk of violence are:

Persecutory delusions - Beliefs or delusions where the person believes the other person is out to get them

Delusional distress

Belief maintenance

Question 11

Hallucinations and crime

Answer 11

Command hallucinations are a false auditory perception of being ordered to do something

• Qualities influencing compliance
• Recognized and trusted voice
• Seriousness of the act commanded
• Pressure and persistence of the voice

Question 12

Threat control - override symptoms

Answer 12

Principle of rationality within irrationality:
- This is the theory that violence committed by individuals with psychosis is often a rational response to irrational symptoms that they experience and perceive as real

Threat symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms that cause an individual to feel that he or she is likely to be harmed (Equivalent to persecutory delsuisons)

Control override symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms that may lead to a diminished sense of control and autonomy over one’s body and actions

Question 13

Vince Li

Answer 13

Found not criminally responsible

Had schozophrenia

God told him to kill tim

Stabbed him a bunch of times

Question 14

Tense situations

Answer 14

These are incidents of interpersonal distress and/or conflict that result when other people get frustrated or attempt to confront or control a person manifesting psychosis

Question 15

Consequences of criminalization of mental disorder

Answer 15

• Increased risk of victimization
• Physical/sexual exploitation
• Administrative segregation

Question 16

Role of the police in criminalization

Answer 16

Those with mental illness are more likely to have contact with the police than the general population

Police play a role in the criminalization of those with mental illness
- They are the key to the CJS
- Also the key entry to the mental health system

Question 17

Forensic mental health system

Answer 17

• The interaction of mental illness and crime/the law

Question 18

“Hold your Fire” documentary

Answer 18

Documentry that explained indivuals who have mental illnesses, get excessive force used upon them from police, instead of de-escalating the situation

Question 19

Mental Health court

Answer 19

They are problem-solving courts

The goals of them are to:
- Address the underlying cause of crime
- Focus on the accused as an individual, with specific needs
- Therapeutic jurisprudence
- Connect with resources and social services

Question 20

The national video example of mental health courts

Answer 20

Mental healths courts help people with issues, they come out and have lower rates of re-offending due to the tools and services they were provided in their programs from the mental health courts

Question 21

Not criminally responsible (NCR/NCRMD)

Answer 21

No person is criminally responsible for an act they committed while suffering from a mental disorder where they could not know the act of omission was wrong

Question 22

Role review board

Answer 22

The review board is made up of:

• A psychiatrist
• A mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist
• A lawyer
• A person from the community with a background in mental health
• A chairperson who is either a senior lawyer or a retired judge

Question 23

Trends in the National Trajectory project of individuals found NCR

Answer 23

It aims to enhance our understanding of the experiences and needs of individuals found NCR and to improve the overall management of forensic mental health cases

Question 24

“Out of mind, out of sight” documentary

Answer 24

Takes place in a Brockville mental hospital centre, a forensic psyhciatric hospital in Ontario.

The film goes into the experiences of individulas who have been deemed not crimianlly responsible for their actions due to mentall illness.

Michelle, killed his mom from schizophrenia, blunt force truma to the head

Family stood by him

Women cause more violence within the centre than males, but males cause more violence outside

Question 25

Bill C-54 - Not Criminally Responsible Reform Act

Answer 25

This emphasizes the concern for the public safety of those with mental illness They push for harsher punishment Focus on the victim

Question 26

High-risk NCR designation

Answer 26

Detention is the only option Unable to leave the hospital grounds unaccompanied for any reason can only leave accompanied by medical treatment

Question 27

Recidivism of NCR / high-risk NCR

Answer 27

- Established history of antisocial behaviour - Family problems - Substance abuse problems

Question 28

NCR a get out of jail free card

Answer 28

NCR defense is often seen by the public as a get-out-of-jail-free card People who are found NCR do not receive a determinate sentence, meaning they are held until the review board decides they can go The reality of it is NCR accused are more likely to be detained and they are less likely to be discharged than convicted offenders

Question 29

Canadian juror and NCR

Answer 29

Negative attitudes about mental illness can impact a juror's understanding of NCR Bias and stereotypes contribute to these negative attitudes Overestimation of the use of NCR/insanity defence

Question 30

Mental health and female offending

Answer 30

Women in conflict with the law have more in common with other women than they do with male inmates in terms of their socio-economic situation program and treatment needs

Question 31

Types of crime women commit

Answer 31

Crime against the person Crimes against the property Administration of justice offences More common charges are: Crime related to illicit drugs Theft and fraud Women are less likely than men to offend a second time

Question 32

Victim/Survivor/Offender connection

Answer 32

A pathway to female offending. It connects women who experience various types of abuse as a child or young adult, who then becomes survivors of abuse, and then for whatever reason return to crime as a coping strategy Weather its for survival or a coping strategy they cant help it becuase of their mental state

Question 33

Coping strategies

Answer 33

They can be functional or dysfunctional A behaviour a person employs to deal with a difficult situation or a stressor Issues women face while being incarcerated: - Stress about their children - Lack of privacy - Feeling physically contained Some dysfunctional strategies: - Self-i jury - Suicide - Alcohol and drug abuse

Question 34

Prevalence of mental disorder among female offenders

Answer 34

Prevalence = the number proportion of cases of any disorder in a population at any given time High rates of mental disorders among federal offenders have been consistent finding Mental disorder among incarcerated women is four times higher than in the general population of women Evidence suggests that the high rate of exposure to violence, particularly sexual violence, in the lives of girls and women may have contributed to their mental health problems

Question 35

The risk need and responsivity model

Answer 35

Developed in 1990, RNR principles are the cornerstone of what works - risk principle - Need principle - Responsibility override Has evolved and now there are 15 principles

Question 36

The gender-responsive model

Answer 36

Creating choices outlines five principles to guide programming for federally sentenced women Four key principles to discuss: - Trauma responsivity - Strength-based - Relational - Holistic treatment

Question 37

Cascading

Answer 37

The process of reclassification that takes offenders and gradually placing them in lower security facilities while they complete their rehabiliation programs It allowes correctinal staff to observe how women respond to a progressively lower security enviroment while still providind support and supervision

Question 38

Security classification

Answer 38

Helps determine the level of superivison, treatemnet and interventioned needed to address their mentail health needs while ensuring public safety. The different security elvels are low, medium, and high risk

Question 39

Recidivism rates/female offenders and mental health

Answer 39

Research shows no difference in recidivism rates between female offenders with mental disorders and female offenders without Four situations that increased the risk of recidivism: - Co-mobility - Presence of certain psychotic symptoms - Poor medication compliance - Presence of certain mental disorders

Question 40

"Out of Control" - Ashley Smith documentary

Answer 40

She spent excessive time in solitary confinement Oiginially arrretsed for throwing grab apples Ended up dying due to self-strngulation raises awareness for people with mental illnesses, she was not given the proepr support she needed

Question 41

Juror mental health

Answer 41

Jurors are instructed not to discuss the active trial with one another leading to jurors suffering in silence and isolation The lack of resources available to jurors in court may prolong the trauma and worsen the sense of isolation

Question 42

Juror secrecy

Answer 42

juror secrecy is a fundamental aspect of the jury system that helps safeguard the fairness, impartiality, and independence of jury deliberations, thereby upholding the principles of justice within the legal system.

Question 43

Concerns about serving on a jury

Answer 43

- Disruptive to their daily lives both at home and work - Some have to work after hours to keep up - Unprepared for the emotional impact of jury service

Question 44

Impact of jury duty on mental health

Answer 44

- Not being able to talk about your feelings to others due to the secrecy rule - Most say it's the single most stressful event of their lives - Jurors report the extreme stress and anxiety confronting other jurors - Feel shame, guilt, regret, remorse and anxiety

Question 45

BC jury duty support pilot program

Answer 45

Juror support programs are maintained through an EAP service Jurors should access the same supports provided to First Responders managing PTSD Juror support should be moved from EAP suppliers to Clinical Units in Public health service

Question 46

Canadian Public Service personnel + mental illness

Answer 46

PSP are at higher risk for mental illness because they have increased exposure to potentially traumatic events In Canada, we do not have robust data on mental disorders among PSPs

Question 47

Correctional service workers + mental illness

Answer 47

Explore relationships between positive screening rates for mental disorders and several putative demographic risk factors including sex, marital status , ethnicity, years of service

Question 48

"Officer Down" Fifth Estate documentry

Answer 48

Officer garry pulled over an individual for speeding, the indiviudal refused arrest and sped away with the officer being dragged alongside for a few miles, then eventually Jesse reached for a gun and hot him in the head Looks at teh dangers and risks that officers face