EXAM TERMS TO STUDY - IMPORTANT!!!

Question 1

Define Carcinogen:

Answer 1

A substance or agent that can cause cancer or increase the risk of developing
cancer.

Question 2

Define Carcinoma:

Answer 2

A type of cancer that originates from epithelial cells, which are cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body.

Question 3

Define Chloasma:

Answer 3

Also known as melasma or the “mask of pregnancy,” it is a skin condition characterized by patches of dark, hyperpigmented skin, often associated with hormonal changes.

Question 4

Define Clinical Inflammation:

Answer 4

The visible signs and symptoms of inflammation, including redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function in the affected area.

Question 5

Define Conjunctivitis:

Answer 5

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids, commonly known as pink eye.

Question 6

Define Dermatoheliosis:

Answer 6

Long-term damage caused by chronic sun exposure, resulting in various skin changes, including wrinkles, pigmentation irregularities, and texture changes.

Question 7

Define Dyschromia:

Answer 7

Abnormal pigmentation or coloration of the skin, characterized by either hyperpigmentation (excess pigment) or hypopigmentation (loss of pigment).

Question 8

Define Eczema:

Answer 8

A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin, also known as atopic dermatitis.

Question 9

Define Edema:

Answer 9

Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body’s tissues.

Question 10

Define Elastosis:

Answer 10

The degeneration of elastic tissue in the skin, leading to loss of elasticity and the
formation of wrinkles and sagging.

Question 11

Define Erythema:

Answer 11

Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the area, often as a response to inflammation, irritation, or infection.

Question 12

Define Erythema-totelangiectatic Rosacea:

Answer 12

A subtype of rosacea characterized by persistent facial redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels.

Question 13

Define Free Radicals:

Answer 13

Unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and tissues by stealing electrons, leading to oxidative stress and potential harm to DNA, proteins, and other cellular structures.

Question 14

Define Granulomatous Rosacea:

Answer 14

A variant of rosacea characterized by the formation of small, firm bumps and nodules on the skin, often in the central face area.

Question 15

Define Hemostasis:

Answer 15

The body’s physiological process of stopping bleeding by forming a blood clot and maintaining the integrity of blood vessels.

Question 16

Define Hyperhidrosis:

Answer 16

Excessive sweating beyond what is necessary to regulate body temperature.

Question 17

Define Hyperkeratosis:

Answer 17

Thickening of the outer layer of the skin, resulting in the formation of rough,
scaly, or calloused areas.

Question 18

Define Hypertrophic Scars:

Answer 18

Raised, thickened scars that develop as a result of an overproduction of collagen during the wound healing process.

Question 19

Define Hypotrophic Scars:

Answer 19

Depressed or sunken scars that form due to insufficient collagen production during wound healing.

Question 20

Define Keratosis Pilaris:

Answer 20

A common skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin’s surface, particularly on the arms, thighs, and buttocks.

Question 21

Define Lentigines:

Answer 21

Small, dark spots (sunspots) on the skin caused by an increased number of melanocytes.

Question 22

Define Melanoma:

Answer 22

The most dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes.

Question 23

Define Melasma:

Answer 23

A common skin condition characterized by brown or gray-brown patches on the
face, often associated with hormonal changes.

Question 24

Define Milia:

Answer 24

Small, white cysts that develop on the skin’s surface due to trapped keratin.

Question 25

Define Mottling:

Answer 25

Patchy or irregular areas of skin discoloration, often appearing as a combination of light and dark spots or blotches

Question 26

Define Ocular Rosacea:

Answer 26

A subtype of rosacea that affects the eyes, causing symptoms such as redness, dryness, stinging, and sensitivity to light.

Question 27

Define Ostium:

Answer 27

An opening or orifice, often referring to the opening of a hair follicle or a skin pore.

Question 28

Define Papulopustular Rosacea:

Answer 28

A subtype of rosacea characterized by persistent facial redness,
along with the presence of papules (small, raised bumps) and pustules (pus-filled bumps).

Question 29

Define Perifollicular Inflammation:

Answer 29

Inflammation occurring around hair follicles, often associated with conditions such as folliculitis or acne.

Question 30

Define Perioral Dermatitis:

Answer 30

A skin condition characterized by the development of red, scaly, or bumpy rash around the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Question 31

Define Phymatous Rosacea:

Answer 31

A subtype of rosacea characterized by thickening of the skin, usually affecting the nose (rhinophyma), but can also involve other facial areas.

Question 32

Define Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation:

Answer 32

Darkening of the skin that occurs following inflammation or injury, such as acne, eczema, or trauma.

Question 33

Define Propionibacterium Acnes:

Answer 33

A type of bacteria commonly found on the skin, particularly associated with the development of acne.

Question 34

Define Psoriasis:

Answer 34

A chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches of skin due to accelerated skin cell turnover.

Question 35

Define Retention Hyperkeratosis:

Answer 35

A condition where there is an abnormal buildup of keratin (a protein) in the skin’s hair follicles, leading to the formation of plugs or bumps.

Question 36

Define Rhinophyma:

Answer 36

A subtype of rosacea characterized by the enlargement and deformation of the nose, resulting in a bulbous appearance.

Question 37

Define Sebaceous Hyperplasia:

Answer 37

An enlargement or overgrowth of sebaceous glands, leading to the formation of yellowish or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.

Question 38

Define Seborrheic Dermatitis:

Answer 38

A common inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects areas rich in sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper body, causing redness, flaking, and itching.

Question 39

Define Seborrheic Keratoses:

Answer 39

Common benign skin growths that appear as raised, wart-like lesions with a waxy or stuck-on appearance.

Question 40

Define Short-Term Sun Damage:

Answer 40

The immediate or temporary effects of excessive sun exposure, such as sunburn, redness, and inflammation.

Question 41

Define Subclinical Inflammation:

Answer 41

Inflammation that occurs beneath the surface of the skin without presenting visible signs or symptoms.

Question 42

Define Telangiectasia:

Answer 42

The dilation of small blood vessels near the surface of the skin, resulting in the appearance of tiny, visible blood vessels or spider veins.

Question 43

Define Transient Erythema:

Answer 43

Temporary redness of the skin that typically subsides within a short period.

Question 44

Define Tinea Versicolor:

Answer 44

A common fungal infection of the skin characterized by the development of discolored patches that may be lighter or darker than the surrounding skin.

Question 45

Define Analgesics:

Answer 45

Pain relief

Question 46

Define Antacids:

Answer 46

Indigestion relief

Question 47

Define Anti-acne drugs:

Answer 47

Nodular acne treatment

Question 48

Define Antianginals:

Answer 48

Pain relief

Question 49

Define Antianxiety drugs:

Answer 49

Anxiety Relief

Question 50

Define Antiarrhythmics:

Answer 50

Heartbeat regulation

Question 51

Define Antiasthmatics:

Answer 51

Asthma prevention

Question 52

Define Antibiotics:

Answer 52

Bacterial infections

Question 53

Define Anticoagulants:

Answer 53

Blood clot prevention

Question 54

Define Anticonvulsants:

Answer 54

Seizure prevention

Question 55

Define Antidepressants:

Answer 55

Depression

Question 56

Define Antidiarrheals:

Answer 56

Diarrhea relief

Question 57

Define Antiemetics:

Answer 57

Nausea and vomit relief

Question 58

Define Antifungals:

Answer 58

Fungal infections

Question 59

Define Antihistamines:

Answer 59

Histamine response blockers

Question 60

Define Antihypertensives:

Answer 60

Decrease blood pressure

Question 61

Define Anti-inflammatories:

Answer 61

Pain and inflammation relief & reduction

Question 62

Define Antiplatelets:

Answer 62

Platelet clump reduction

Question 63

Define Antipsychotics:

Answer 63

Psychotic disorders