Exam Topics Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the first step in determining the selling price of baked goods?
Calculate Ingredient Costs
This involves tracking ingredient costs and calculating the cost per unit.
How do you calculate the cost per unit of an ingredient?
Divide the total cost of the ingredient package by its total quantity
For example, if a 5 lb bag of flour costs $2.64, the cost per ounce is $0.03.
What should be included when calculating the labor costs for baked goods?
Determine your hourly rate and calculate labor cost per item
For instance, if you pay yourself $20/hour and it takes 30 minutes to bake 12 cookies, the labor cost per cookie is $0.83.
What are the two types of overhead costs to consider?
- Fixed Costs
- Variable Costs
Fixed Costs include rent and utilities, while Variable Costs include packaging materials and marketing expenses.
What does COGS stand for?
Cost of Goods Sold
COGS represents the total expense incurred in producing one unit of a baked good.
What is the formula for calculating COGS?
COGS = Ingredient Cost + Labor Cost + Overhead Cost
This includes all costs associated with producing the item.
What is the typical profit margin range for baked goods?
- Low: ~5%
- Average: ~10%
- High: ~20% or more
This varies by industry and market expectations.
How can you build flexibility into your pricing?
By slightly increasing prices beyond calculated values
For example, rounding up from $2.80/item to $3/item.
What is HACCP?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
HACCP is a preventive approach to food safety that identifies and controls hazards.
What are the seven principles of HACCP?
- Conduct a Hazard Analysis
- Determine Critical Control Points
- Establish Critical Limits
- Establish Monitoring Procedures
- Establish Corrective Actions
- Establish Verification Procedures
- Establish Record-Keeping and Documentation Procedures
These principles guide the implementation of HACCP.
What is the primary goal of HACCP?
To prevent hazards rather than relying solely on end-product testing
It focuses on controlling potential hazards during production.
What are conventional functional foods?
Natural whole-food ingredients that are inherently rich in nutrients
They do not require modification to deliver health benefits.
Give examples of conventional functional foods.
- Fruits: Blueberries, apples
- Vegetables: Broccoli, spinach
- Nuts: Almonds, walnuts
- Seafood: Salmon
These foods provide health benefits due to their nutrient content.
What are modified functional foods?
Processed or fortified products with added nutrients
Examples include fortified juices and cereals.
List some health benefits of functional foods.
- Prevention of nutrient deficiencies
- Protection against chronic diseases
- Support for growth and development
- Improved digestive health
- Weight management
Functional foods can enhance overall well-being.
What are natural food supplements?
Dietary products derived from natural sources designed to provide nutrients
They include vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.
What is the purpose of natural food supplements?
To support overall health by addressing nutrient deficiencies
They help enhance specific bodily functions.
How can natural food supplements improve bioavailability?
Nutrients from natural sources may be more bioavailable than synthetic ones
This enhances their effectiveness in the body.
What are biotics?
Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt or kefir that support gut health.
Examples of biotics include probiotics which are often consumed for digestive health.
What is one benefit of natural food supplements for pregnant women?
They may take folic acid derived from natural sources to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their babies.
Folic acid is crucial for fetal development.
How do natural food supplements help older adults?
They might benefit from calcium and vitamin D for bone health due to reduced nutrient absorption.
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining bone density.
What is improved bioavailability in natural food supplements?
Nutrients from natural sources may be more bioavailable (easier for the body to absorb) compared to synthetic alternatives.
For example, natural vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) is better absorbed than its synthetic counterpart.
Name a natural food supplement that supports heart health.
Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their cardiovascular benefits.
What do probiotics improve?
Digestion and strengthen the immune system.
Probiotics are often found in fermented foods and supplements.
