Exam Two Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
What does O stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
O antigen
2
Q
What does O stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
O antigen
3
Q
What does H stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Flagella
4
Q
What does F stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Fimbriae
5
Q
What does K stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Capsule
6
Q
Neonatal ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F5, F6, F41
STa, STb
non-hemolytic
7
Q
Neonatal till 4 weeks ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F4
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic
8
Q
Weaning diarrhea ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F4, F18
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic
9
Q
Oedema pigs is caused by
A
VTEC
10
Q
Virulence factors of VTEC
A
Adhesion: F18
Exotoxin: VT2e or Stx2e
Endotoxin
11
Q
How you you breed a pig that can’t get VTEC?
A
selection of receptor F18 negative animals
12
Q
When do bovines get ETEC
A
Animals less than 3 days
13
Q
What does H stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Flagella
14
Q
What does F stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Fimbriae
15
Q
What does K stand for in the antigenic formula?
A
Capsule
16
Q
Neonatal ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F5, F6, F41
STa, STb
non-hemolytic
17
Q
Neonatal till 4 weeks ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F4
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic
18
Q
Weaning diarrhea ETEC (in pigs) characteristics
A
F4, F18
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic
19
Q
Oedema pigs is caused by
A
VTEC
20
Q
Virulence factors of VTEC
A
Adhesion: F18
Exotoxin: VT2e or Stx2e
Endotoxin
21
Q
When do symptoms appear in pigs with VTEC?
A
less than 3 wks after weaning
22
Q
How you you breed a pig that can’t get VTEC?
A
selection of receptor F18 negative animals
23
Q
When do bovines get ETEC
A
less than 3 days of age
24
Q
When do bovines get EPEC and EHEC
A
Animals older than one week
25
When do bovines get Septicemic E. coli
neonates, lack of colostrum
26
ETEC virulence factors
F5, F41, F17, CS31A
| Sta Stb
27
ETEC in bovines Pathogenesis
Oral uptake
multiplication
Enterotoxin production
secondary septicaemiae
28
ETEC therapy in bovines on milking farms
Hygiene
| Colostrum
29
Bovine EPEC gene
eae
30
Bovine EHEC genes
eae + VT (VT1 and or VT2)
31
E coli septicaemiae pathogenesis in bovines
Uptake per os or umbilical cord
Septicaemiae
Can be hyperacute, acute or slower w/ organ localization
32
Dog Ecoli Cystitis/Pyometra strains
F12, F13
| O: 2, 4, 6, 83
33
Ecoli in birds serotypes
O: 1, 2, 78
34
Ecoli in birds clinical appearances Neonatal
Neonatal colibacillosis
Respiratory colibacillosis and septicimae
Peritonitis in layers
35
What Salmonella affects calves and what are the symtoms?
S. Dublin
| Diarrhea, general symptoms
36
What is the Typhoid Salmonella in pigs?
S. Choleraesuis
| non-host specific
37
What Salmonella affects horses
S. abortus equi
38
Pathogenesis of S. abortus equi
Per Os- septicemia or invasive
| Venereal- Mare aborts of has a poly arthritic foal, Stallion has reduced fertility
39
S. Dublin in adults causes
diarrhea, general symptoms
| abortion/subclinical mastitis
40
Salmonella in pigeons
Paratyphus
| S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen
41
Acute paratyphus in pigeons happens
mainly during breeding
42
Chronic paratyphus in pigeons signs
one wing hanging down
| intermittent excretion
43
Typhoid Salmonella in poultry is caused by
S. Pullorum
44
Fowl typhoid is caused by
S. Gallinarum
45
Turkey Typoid Salmonella
S. enterica spp. arizonae
46
What is the zoonotic Salmonella you can get from eggs?
S. Enteriditis
47
Klebsiella infections are associated with
Equine metritis
Umbilical infections in horses
Dogs (rare) pyometra, cystitis
Mastitis in bovines
48
What is the causative agent of the the plague?
Yersinia pestis
49
Yersinia pestis epidemiology
fleas of wild rodents
50
Endemic areas for Yersinia pestis
Western N america, southern asia, S and W Africa, N-C S. America
51
What is the major pathogen in Passeriformes
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
52
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
outdoor birdhouses
| transmission from wild animals
53
Lesions associated w/ acute Passeriformes
large spleen with foci of necrosis
| enlarged liver
54
Lesions associated w/ subacute and chronic Passeriformes
very large spleen w/ foci of necrosis
very large liver with foci of necrosis
foci of necrosis on caeca and lungs
55
What causes enteric red mouth dz in Salmon?
Yersinia ruckeri
56
Shigella flexneri
seen more in non human primates
57
Shigella causes
dysentery due to shiga toxin
58
Proteus mirabilis causes
otitis and cystitis in dog
59
What other organisms cause Otitis in dogs
Staph pseudintermedius
| Malassexia pahcydermatis
60
What organisms infect ears after tx?
Proteus
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa
61
What is ocassionaly found in guinea pigs that has a natural resistance to ampi/amoxi?
Morganella morganii
62
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
common in nosocomial infections
| facultative pathogenic and symbiotic
63
P aeruginosa in Cats and Dogs causes
```
skin infections- pyoderma
cystitis
otitis externa
different purulent processes
corneal ulcers
```
64
P. aeruginosa in hamsters, guinea pigs, chinchilla and mink causes
pneumonia and septicaemiae
high mortality in farmed mink
origin drinking water
65
P. aeruginosa in rabbits causes
skin infection, pneumonia
66
P. aeruginosa in horses causes
keratitis conjunctivitis- secondary infection following topical tx
metritis-vaginitis
mastitis
67
P. aeruginosa in reptiles causes
necrotic stomatitis
pneumonia
septicaemia
68
What causes Galliformes in turkeys
p. aeruginosa
69
Burkholderis is
g-
aerobic
rod
cat +
70
Glanders is caused by
Burkholderis mallei
71
Glanders is an ____ pathogen and has to be ______
Equine
| Declared
72
Glanders pathology and pathogenesis
Pathology: suppurative lesions
Pathogenesis: enter pharynx or skin ->spread via lympathic or blood -> nodular lesions
73
Acute glanders symptoms
fever, nasal discharge, lympahdenitis, freq. fatal
74
Chronic glanders symptoms
fever and resp probs
skin abcesses
zoonotic
75
Melioidosis is a reportable dz. It's causes by
Burkholderia pseudomallei
76
t/f Melioidosis has a high host range
true
77
What is equine psuedoglanders caused by?
Burkholderia pseudomallei
78
How to differentiate between Burkholeria pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei
Grow on Pseudomonas cepacia agar
| -pseudo grows faster and is motile
79
The genus Francisella
```
G-
small, pleomorphic coccoid/rod
non motile
obligate aerobic
facilitative intracellular
very fastidious growth
```
80
Francisella tularensis
reportable dz
contagious
wide range of animals
81
Resivour for Francisella tuarensis
Lagomorphs/rabbits
82
Virulence factors for Francisella tularensis
capsule
| LPS/endotoxin
83
Pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis
```
systemic w/ multi organ failure
fac intracellular (mainly MO)
```
84
Taylorella equigenitalis
```
g-
non motile
coccobacillus
fac anaerobic
obligate symbiont/pathogenic
```
85
Taylorella equigenitalis symptoms
Males- none
| Females- Contagious Equine Metritis
86
Taylorella equigenitalis virulence factors
capsule
| cell wall lps
87
How to dx Taylorella equigenitalis?
Amies charcoal transport medium in less than 24 hours, culture on hematin agar
88
What's the principle cause of human brucellosis
B. melintensis
89
How is Brucella mainly spread?
By female animals
- abortion
- fetus and placenta
90
Pathogenesis of Brucella
Comes through wounds/oral/mucosa
Spread intracellular in MO to lymph
1-6 wk incubation
Target organs
91
Virulence of Brucella
```
no capsule
no flagella
cell wall
-smooth colonies
-rough colonies
thicker PG
Erythritol
```
92
Carriers for Brucella
When all intracellular bacteria aren't killed and immunity goes down bacteria are released from cells
-cause abortion or transfer to fetus
93
Vaccination for Brucella
Need for both humoral and cellular immunity
| -AroC mutants and DnaK mutants
94
Dx of Brucella
SAW or SAT
Rose Bengal
CFT, ELISA
95
Brucellosis Skin Test
Cytokines
IFN-Y
Both not widely used, false positives
96
Dx of Brucellosis
ELISA if positive do another ELISA then IFN skin test
97
Brucella suis
Small non motile G- coccobacilli
obligate symbiotic/pathogenic
resistant in environment but can't handle sunlight
98
Is Brucella suis reportable and eradicated in domestic swine?
Yes and yes
99
What is the resivour for Brucella suis
wild boar
100
Which biovars for Brucella suis are most pathogenic for pigs?
1,2, 3
101
Symptoms of Brucella suis
```
repro
arthritis
tendovaginitis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Zoonotic, more pathogenic that B. abortus
```
102
Pathogenesis of B. Suis
Introduction via skin/mucosa
Multipies in leukocytes
bacterimia after 1-7 wks in MO/NO for 1wk-34mo
localization w/ abscess formation
103
Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis
Sheep and goat
Similar to B abortus in bovines
Mainly in mediterranean (Malta fever)
melintensis- zoonotic
104
Brucella canis
```
Need rich media for growth
Primary isolation up to 4 wks
No O antigens
Obligate parasitic/pathogen
zoonotic
```
105
Symptoms of Brucella canis?
long bacteremia, no fever
| STD- lots of shit with the vag and testes
106
Dx and Tx of Brucella canis?
Dx- bacterology and serology
107
Bordetella
```
G-
Small
cocco-bacillus
obligate symbiont
facultative pathogenic
```
108
Where can B. Bronchoseptica be found in animals>
URT- cilliated respiratory epithelium
109
What does B. bronchiseptica do in dogs
Dog- kennel
| Pigs- atrophic rhinitis
110
Virulence factors for B. bronchiseptica
Adhesins
Biofilms
Toxins- Hemolysin (adenylate cyclase toxin)
Bvg regulun
111
Bordetella brochiseptica causes what dzs in pigs
non progressive atrophic rhinitis
pneumonic bordetellosis
progressive atrophic rhinitis
112
Tx and Prev of Atrophic Rhinitis
difficult, no optimal therapy
hygiene, antibacterial, vaccinate sows
dx- cultivation of nose sampling on blood agar
113
What's the causative agent of kennel cough/canine infectious treachobronchitis
Bordetella bronchiseptica
114
Symptoms of B. Bronchiseptica in cats
nasal discharge
tears
sneezing
non productive cough
115
B Bronchiseptica in horses
seldom, similar to dogs and cats
| tx- prevent dust, rest, prevent spores in hay
116
What causes Coryza in turkeys?
Bordetella avium
117
At what age do turkeys get Coryza?
1-6wks, can be chronic
118
Symptoms of Bordetella in turkeys?
high morbidity, low mortality
decreases growth
nasal discharge, sneezing
119
Tx of Bordetella in poultry
hygiene, keep ages seperate, inactivated vx for mother
120
Vx for B. bronchiseptica
inactivated vx , 2 inj given 3 wks apart then yearly
| life vx: nasal given at 3wks then yearly, fast protection
121
Tx. for B. bronchiseptica
self limiting, tetracyclines given when needed
| aerosolization of antibiotics
122
Bordetella in Rabbits, Symptoms
```
nearly all of them are carriers
causes nasal discharge, sneezing, ect
Can localize in the eye and cause blindness
ear infections
abscesses
```
123
What two pathogens cause bronchopneumonia in Rabbits?
bordetella + P. multocida
124
How is Klebsiella transmitted in Equine metritis?
stallion, fomites, vaginal specula and biopsy equipment
125
Moraxella bovis
obligate symbiotic/pathogenic
g- pleomorphic, in pairs or short chains
cat and oxidase +
non-motile
126
What is causative agent of bovine pink eye?
Moraxella bovis
127
Virulence factors for Moraxella bovis
Fimbrae to attach to eye
capsule
lps
exotoxins
128
Pathogenesis of Moraxella bovis
attaches to conjunctiva/coneal epithelium
produces toxin
inflammation
further growth and production of toxin leads to increased susceptibility for other pathogens and dust
129
Predisposing factors for Moraxella bovis
Flies, Dust
| Young Cattle
130
How is Moraxella bovis transmitted?
Direct contact
| flies
131
Dx Moraxella bovis
Immunoflurescence
Culture- blood agar, hemolytic
PCR
132
Moraxella bovis is associated with
keraconjuctivitis in bovines
133
Moraxella ovis is associated with
keraconjunctivitis and pneumonia in bovines
134
Pasturella multicoda general
g -
obligate symbiotic
capsule types A-E
little resistant in enviroment
135
Pasturella multocida virulence factors
adhesins
capsule
lps
iron acquisition
136
Toxins in Pasteurella multocida
RTX
| Rho activating toxin
137
What do high virulent strains for Pasteurella multocida cause and in what species?
olbigate pathogenic: speticamiae
| bovines, birds and rabbits
138
What do low virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida do and in what species
Facultative pathogenic in nose and tonsils cause rhinitis, pneumonia
pigs, bovines, rabbits
139
What causes snuffles in rabbits?
Pasturella multocida
140
High pathogenic serovars of P. mulocida in bovines causes
hemorrhagic septicaemiae
141
Pasturella multocida in pigs causes
atrophic rhinitis and lung pasteurellosis (pneumonia)
142
What causes fowl cholera?
Pasturella multocida
| different suceptabilites for different species of birds
143
Pathogenesis of Pasturella multocida in poultry
in nose and beak of healthy animals, enters through there or skin lesions causes septicaemia and excretion though nose/mouth- drinking water/feed
144
Pasturella multocida in cats and dogs is important because of....
its commonly transmitted via bite wounds
145
Mannheimia hemolytica
obligate symbiotic
capsule types A-F
low enviromental resistance
146
Mannheimia hemolytica Virulence factors
```
Dose dependent Leukotoxin: rtx family
Transferrin binding proteins
endotoxins
capsule
fimbriae
```
147
Mannheimia hemolytica in ruminants
fac. pathogenic
pneumonia
sometimes septicemiea
148
Mannheimia hemolytica in sheep
All serotypes
found in nose
little antimicrobial resistance
149
Mannheimia hemolytica in Bovines
Serotypes 1,2,6
not found in nose
a lot of antimicrobial resistance
role in bacterial bronchopneumonia in calves
150
Shipping fever is caused by
M. haemolytica and P multocida
151
Pathogenesis of Shipping Fever
Stress due to transport, Endogenous M. haemlytica multiplies at the nasopharynx, secondary infection by P. multocida capsule type A,D
152
Lesions associated with Shipping Fever/ bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves
fibrinous necrotizing bronchopneumonia
serofibrinous pleuritis
well defined pneumonia zones
153
Dx of Shipping Fever
BAL from lungs and nose
154
Tx/Prev of Shipping Fever
Prev: Feed, decrease stomach fermentation, ventilation, thermoregulation, vx
Tx: antibiotics (evt. + cortico)
155
Bibersteinia trehalosi
Resembles bovine hemorrhagic septicaemia
septicaemiae at 5-12 mo
acute mortality
156
Haemophillis general
Host specific
2wks-4mnths (mainly at weaning)
obligate symbionts
NAD dependent
157
What causes Glasser dz
Haemophilus parasuis
158
Pathogenesis of H. parasuis?
endogenic-exogenic infection
septicimea
meninigitis
polyserositis, polyarthritis
159
Tx and Prev of Haemonphilus parasuis
Tx- antimicrobials
| Prev- vx (not always successful)
160
Haemophilus felis causes
chronic pneumonia and conjunctivitis
161
Histophilus somnei general
difficult dx, needs 2 days incubation w/ 5-10% CO2
colonizes the urogenital mucosal surfaces of ruminants
obligate symbiotic
162
What causes Sleeper's dz in ruminants?
Histophilus somnei
163
Histophilus somnei virulence factors
LOS
OMPs
Activation of caspases and thrombocytes
biofilms
164
Histophilus somnei dx and tx
bacterial culture
antibiotics
vx available
165
What causes Infectious Coryza in backyard chickens
Avibacterium paragallinarum
166
Virulence factors for Avibacterium paragallinarum
Capsule
Adhesins
Endotoxin
Iron acquisition
167
Pathogenesis and symptoms of Avibacterium paragallinarum
carriers, transmission via water or aerosol, stress
symptoms
-acute: general symptoms and anorexia, conjunctivitis
-subacute: sinusitis and pus, edema head and neck
can become chronic
168
Avibacterium paragallinarum dx, tx, and prev
dx- bacterial culture
tx- antibiotics FAST
prev- eliminate carriers
169
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
fac pathogen in different bird species
18 serotypes
relatively new, 1994
170
Symptoms of O. Rhinotracheale
nose exudate
facial oedema
mortality low 1-3%
171
Dx of O. Rhinotracheale
Slow bacterial culture, needs CO2
| ELISA for A serotype
172
Tx and Prev for O. Rhinotracheale
tx- antibiotics, natural and acquired resistance. Need suceptability testing
prev- climate, vx
173
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae general
```
swine
worldwide
young pigs, less than 6 mo
obligate symbiotic
host specific
not so resistant in enviroment
```
174
2 Biotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
1- NAD dependent
2- NAD independent
16 serotypes
175
Epidemiology of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
spread from pig to pig, direct or aerosol
pen to pen, ventilation, regrouping of pigs, farmer
carriers: nose, tonsils, lung nodule
176
Virulence factors of Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae
fimbriae
iron needed for multpilication
Apx toxins
177
Apx toxins in Actinobacillus
a type of RTX toxin
| causes cell lysis and reduces phagocytic function
178
Symptoms of Actinobacillus pleuropnuemoniae
respiratory distress
general symptoms
acute- dead pig w/ blood on mouth, necrotizing pneumonia
chronic- pigs don't grow as much
