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Bacteriology > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

What does O stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

O antigen

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2
Q

What does O stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

O antigen

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3
Q

What does H stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Flagella

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4
Q

What does F stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Fimbriae

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5
Q

What does K stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Capsule

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6
Q

Neonatal ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F5, F6, F41
STa, STb
non-hemolytic

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7
Q

Neonatal till 4 weeks ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F4
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

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8
Q

Weaning diarrhea ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F4, F18
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

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9
Q

Oedema pigs is caused by

A

VTEC

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10
Q

Virulence factors of VTEC

A

Adhesion: F18
Exotoxin: VT2e or Stx2e
Endotoxin

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11
Q

How you you breed a pig that can’t get VTEC?

A

selection of receptor F18 negative animals

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12
Q

When do bovines get ETEC

A

Animals less than 3 days

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13
Q

What does H stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Flagella

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14
Q

What does F stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Fimbriae

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15
Q

What does K stand for in the antigenic formula?

A

Capsule

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16
Q

Neonatal ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F5, F6, F41
STa, STb
non-hemolytic

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17
Q

Neonatal till 4 weeks ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F4
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

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18
Q

Weaning diarrhea ETEC (in pigs) characteristics

A

F4, F18
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

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19
Q

Oedema pigs is caused by

A

VTEC

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20
Q

Virulence factors of VTEC

A

Adhesion: F18
Exotoxin: VT2e or Stx2e
Endotoxin

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21
Q

When do symptoms appear in pigs with VTEC?

A

less than 3 wks after weaning

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22
Q

How you you breed a pig that can’t get VTEC?

A

selection of receptor F18 negative animals

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23
Q

When do bovines get ETEC

A

less than 3 days of age

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24
Q

When do bovines get EPEC and EHEC

A

Animals older than one week

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25
Q

When do bovines get Septicemic E. coli

A

neonates, lack of colostrum

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26
Q

ETEC virulence factors

A

F5, F41, F17, CS31A

Sta Stb

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27
Q

ETEC in bovines Pathogenesis

A

Oral uptake
multiplication
Enterotoxin production
secondary septicaemiae

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28
Q

ETEC therapy in bovines on milking farms

A

Hygiene

Colostrum

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29
Q

Bovine EPEC gene

A

eae

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30
Q

Bovine EHEC genes

A

eae + VT (VT1 and or VT2)

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31
Q

E coli septicaemiae pathogenesis in bovines

A

Uptake per os or umbilical cord
Septicaemiae
Can be hyperacute, acute or slower w/ organ localization

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32
Q

Dog Ecoli Cystitis/Pyometra strains

A

F12, F13

O: 2, 4, 6, 83

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33
Q

Ecoli in birds serotypes

A

O: 1, 2, 78

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34
Q

Ecoli in birds clinical appearances Neonatal

A

Neonatal colibacillosis
Respiratory colibacillosis and septicimae
Peritonitis in layers

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35
Q

What Salmonella affects calves and what are the symtoms?

A

S. Dublin

Diarrhea, general symptoms

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36
Q

What is the Typhoid Salmonella in pigs?

A

S. Choleraesuis

non-host specific

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37
Q

What Salmonella affects horses

A

S. abortus equi

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38
Q

Pathogenesis of S. abortus equi

A

Per Os- septicemia or invasive

Venereal- Mare aborts of has a poly arthritic foal, Stallion has reduced fertility

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39
Q

S. Dublin in adults causes

A

diarrhea, general symptoms

abortion/subclinical mastitis

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40
Q

Salmonella in pigeons

A

Paratyphus

S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen

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41
Q

Acute paratyphus in pigeons happens

A

mainly during breeding

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42
Q

Chronic paratyphus in pigeons signs

A

one wing hanging down

intermittent excretion

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43
Q

Typhoid Salmonella in poultry is caused by

A

S. Pullorum

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44
Q

Fowl typhoid is caused by

A

S. Gallinarum

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45
Q

Turkey Typoid Salmonella

A

S. enterica spp. arizonae

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46
Q

What is the zoonotic Salmonella you can get from eggs?

A

S. Enteriditis

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47
Q

Klebsiella infections are associated with

A

Equine metritis
Umbilical infections in horses
Dogs (rare) pyometra, cystitis
Mastitis in bovines

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48
Q

What is the causative agent of the the plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

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49
Q

Yersinia pestis epidemiology

A

fleas of wild rodents

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50
Q

Endemic areas for Yersinia pestis

A

Western N america, southern asia, S and W Africa, N-C S. America

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51
Q

What is the major pathogen in Passeriformes

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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52
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

A

outdoor birdhouses

transmission from wild animals

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53
Q

Lesions associated w/ acute Passeriformes

A

large spleen with foci of necrosis

enlarged liver

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54
Q

Lesions associated w/ subacute and chronic Passeriformes

A

very large spleen w/ foci of necrosis
very large liver with foci of necrosis
foci of necrosis on caeca and lungs

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55
Q

What causes enteric red mouth dz in Salmon?

A

Yersinia ruckeri

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56
Q

Shigella flexneri

A

seen more in non human primates

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57
Q

Shigella causes

A

dysentery due to shiga toxin

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58
Q

Proteus mirabilis causes

A

otitis and cystitis in dog

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59
Q

What other organisms cause Otitis in dogs

A

Staph pseudintermedius

Malassexia pahcydermatis

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60
Q

What organisms infect ears after tx?

A

Proteus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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61
Q

What is ocassionaly found in guinea pigs that has a natural resistance to ampi/amoxi?

A

Morganella morganii

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62
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

common in nosocomial infections

facultative pathogenic and symbiotic

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63
Q

P aeruginosa in Cats and Dogs causes

A 
skin infections- pyoderma
cystitis
otitis externa 
different purulent processes 
corneal ulcers
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64
Q

P. aeruginosa in hamsters, guinea pigs, chinchilla and mink causes

A

pneumonia and septicaemiae
high mortality in farmed mink
origin drinking water

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65
Q

P. aeruginosa in rabbits causes

A

skin infection, pneumonia

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66
Q

P. aeruginosa in horses causes

A

keratitis conjunctivitis- secondary infection following topical tx
metritis-vaginitis
mastitis

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67
Q

P. aeruginosa in reptiles causes

A

necrotic stomatitis
pneumonia
septicaemia

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68
Q

What causes Galliformes in turkeys

A

p. aeruginosa

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69
Q

Burkholderis is

A

g-
aerobic
rod
cat +

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70
Q

Glanders is caused by

A

Burkholderis mallei

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71
Q

Glanders is an ____ pathogen and has to be ______

A

Equine

Declared

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72
Q

Glanders pathology and pathogenesis

A

Pathology: suppurative lesions
Pathogenesis: enter pharynx or skin ->spread via lympathic or blood -> nodular lesions

73
Q

Acute glanders symptoms

A

fever, nasal discharge, lympahdenitis, freq. fatal

74
Q

Chronic glanders symptoms

A

fever and resp probs
skin abcesses
zoonotic

75
Q

Melioidosis is a reportable dz. It’s causes by

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

76
Q

t/f Melioidosis has a high host range

A

true

77
Q

What is equine psuedoglanders caused by?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

78
Q

How to differentiate between Burkholeria pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei

A

Grow on Pseudomonas cepacia agar

-pseudo grows faster and is motile

79
Q

The genus Francisella

A 
G-
small, pleomorphic coccoid/rod
non motile
obligate aerobic 
facilitative intracellular 
very fastidious growth
80
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

reportable dz
contagious
wide range of animals

81
Q

Resivour for Francisella tuarensis

A

Lagomorphs/rabbits

82
Q

Virulence factors for Francisella tularensis

A

capsule

LPS/endotoxin

83
Q

Pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis

A 
systemic w/ multi organ failure
fac intracellular (mainly MO)
84
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis

A 
g-
non motile
coccobacillus
fac anaerobic
obligate symbiont/pathogenic
85
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis symptoms

A

Males- none

Females- Contagious Equine Metritis

86
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis virulence factors

A

capsule

cell wall lps

87
Q

How to dx Taylorella equigenitalis?

A

Amies charcoal transport medium in less than 24 hours, culture on hematin agar

88
Q

What’s the principle cause of human brucellosis

A

B. melintensis

89
Q

How is Brucella mainly spread?

A

By female animals

  • abortion
  • fetus and placenta
90
Q

Pathogenesis of Brucella

A

Comes through wounds/oral/mucosa
Spread intracellular in MO to lymph
1-6 wk incubation
Target organs

91
Q

Virulence of Brucella

A 
no capsule
no flagella
cell wall 
-smooth colonies
-rough colonies 
thicker PG
Erythritol
92
Q

Carriers for Brucella

A

When all intracellular bacteria aren’t killed and immunity goes down bacteria are released from cells
-cause abortion or transfer to fetus

93
Q

Vaccination for Brucella

A

Need for both humoral and cellular immunity

-AroC mutants and DnaK mutants

94
Q

Dx of Brucella

A

SAW or SAT
Rose Bengal
CFT, ELISA

95
Q

Brucellosis Skin Test

A

Cytokines
IFN-Y
Both not widely used, false positives

96
Q

Dx of Brucellosis

A

ELISA if positive do another ELISA then IFN skin test

97
Q

Brucella suis

A

Small non motile G- coccobacilli
obligate symbiotic/pathogenic
resistant in environment but can’t handle sunlight

98
Q

Is Brucella suis reportable and eradicated in domestic swine?

A

Yes and yes

99
Q

What is the resivour for Brucella suis

A

wild boar

100
Q

Which biovars for Brucella suis are most pathogenic for pigs?

A

1,2, 3

101
Q

Symptoms of Brucella suis

A 
repro
arthritis 
tendovaginitis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Zoonotic, more pathogenic that B. abortus
102
Q

Pathogenesis of B. Suis

A

Introduction via skin/mucosa
Multipies in leukocytes
bacterimia after 1-7 wks in MO/NO for 1wk-34mo
localization w/ abscess formation

103
Q

Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis

A

Sheep and goat
Similar to B abortus in bovines
Mainly in mediterranean (Malta fever)
melintensis- zoonotic

104
Q

Brucella canis

A 
Need rich media for growth
Primary isolation up to 4 wks
No O antigens 
Obligate parasitic/pathogen 
zoonotic
105
Q

Symptoms of Brucella canis?

A

long bacteremia, no fever

STD- lots of shit with the vag and testes

106
Q

Dx and Tx of Brucella canis?

A

Dx- bacterology and serology

107
Q

Bordetella

A 
G-
Small 
cocco-bacillus
obligate symbiont 
facultative pathogenic
108
Q

Where can B. Bronchoseptica be found in animals>

A

URT- cilliated respiratory epithelium

109
Q

What does B. bronchiseptica do in dogs

A

Dog- kennel

Pigs- atrophic rhinitis

110
Q

Virulence factors for B. bronchiseptica

A

Adhesins
Biofilms
Toxins- Hemolysin (adenylate cyclase toxin)
Bvg regulun

111
Q

Bordetella brochiseptica causes what dzs in pigs

A

non progressive atrophic rhinitis
pneumonic bordetellosis
progressive atrophic rhinitis

112
Q

Tx and Prev of Atrophic Rhinitis

A

difficult, no optimal therapy
hygiene, antibacterial, vaccinate sows
dx- cultivation of nose sampling on blood agar

113
Q

What’s the causative agent of kennel cough/canine infectious treachobronchitis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

114
Q

Symptoms of B. Bronchiseptica in cats

A

nasal discharge
tears
sneezing
non productive cough

115
Q

B Bronchiseptica in horses

A

seldom, similar to dogs and cats

tx- prevent dust, rest, prevent spores in hay

116
Q

What causes Coryza in turkeys?

A

Bordetella avium

117
Q

At what age do turkeys get Coryza?

A

1-6wks, can be chronic

118
Q

Symptoms of Bordetella in turkeys?

A

high morbidity, low mortality
decreases growth
nasal discharge, sneezing

119
Q

Tx of Bordetella in poultry

A

hygiene, keep ages seperate, inactivated vx for mother

120
Q

Vx for B. bronchiseptica

A

inactivated vx , 2 inj given 3 wks apart then yearly

life vx: nasal given at 3wks then yearly, fast protection

121
Q

Tx. for B. bronchiseptica

A

self limiting, tetracyclines given when needed

aerosolization of antibiotics

122
Q

Bordetella in Rabbits, Symptoms

A 
nearly all of them are carriers 
causes nasal discharge, sneezing, ect
Can localize in the eye and cause blindness
ear infections 
abscesses
123
Q

What two pathogens cause bronchopneumonia in Rabbits?

A

bordetella + P. multocida

124
Q

How is Klebsiella transmitted in Equine metritis?

A

stallion, fomites, vaginal specula and biopsy equipment

125
Q

Moraxella bovis

A

obligate symbiotic/pathogenic
g- pleomorphic, in pairs or short chains
cat and oxidase +
non-motile

126
Q

What is causative agent of bovine pink eye?

A

Moraxella bovis

127
Q

Virulence factors for Moraxella bovis

A

Fimbrae to attach to eye
capsule
lps
exotoxins

128
Q

Pathogenesis of Moraxella bovis

A

attaches to conjunctiva/coneal epithelium
produces toxin
inflammation
further growth and production of toxin leads to increased susceptibility for other pathogens and dust

129
Q

Predisposing factors for Moraxella bovis

A

Flies, Dust

Young Cattle

130
Q

How is Moraxella bovis transmitted?

A

Direct contact

flies

131
Q

Dx Moraxella bovis

A

Immunoflurescence
Culture- blood agar, hemolytic
PCR

132
Q

Moraxella bovis is associated with

A

keraconjuctivitis in bovines

133
Q

Moraxella ovis is associated with

A

keraconjunctivitis and pneumonia in bovines

134
Q

Pasturella multicoda general

A

g -
obligate symbiotic
capsule types A-E
little resistant in enviroment

135
Q

Pasturella multocida virulence factors

A

adhesins
capsule
lps
iron acquisition

136
Q

Toxins in Pasteurella multocida

A

RTX

Rho activating toxin

137
Q

What do high virulent strains for Pasteurella multocida cause and in what species?

A

olbigate pathogenic: speticamiae

bovines, birds and rabbits

138
Q

What do low virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida do and in what species

A

Facultative pathogenic in nose and tonsils cause rhinitis, pneumonia
pigs, bovines, rabbits

139
Q

What causes snuffles in rabbits?

A

Pasturella multocida

140
Q

High pathogenic serovars of P. mulocida in bovines causes

A

hemorrhagic septicaemiae

141
Q

Pasturella multocida in pigs causes

A

atrophic rhinitis and lung pasteurellosis (pneumonia)

142
Q

What causes fowl cholera?

A

Pasturella multocida

different suceptabilites for different species of birds

143
Q

Pathogenesis of Pasturella multocida in poultry

A

in nose and beak of healthy animals, enters through there or skin lesions causes septicaemia and excretion though nose/mouth- drinking water/feed

144
Q

Pasturella multocida in cats and dogs is important because of….

A

its commonly transmitted via bite wounds

145
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica

A

obligate symbiotic
capsule types A-F
low enviromental resistance

146
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica Virulence factors

A 
Dose dependent Leukotoxin: rtx family
Transferrin binding proteins
endotoxins
capsule
fimbriae
147
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica in ruminants

A

fac. pathogenic
pneumonia
sometimes septicemiea

148
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica in sheep

A

All serotypes
found in nose
little antimicrobial resistance

149
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica in Bovines

A

Serotypes 1,2,6
not found in nose
a lot of antimicrobial resistance
role in bacterial bronchopneumonia in calves

150
Q

Shipping fever is caused by

A

M. haemolytica and P multocida

151
Q

Pathogenesis of Shipping Fever

A

Stress due to transport, Endogenous M. haemlytica multiplies at the nasopharynx, secondary infection by P. multocida capsule type A,D

152
Q

Lesions associated with Shipping Fever/ bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves

A

fibrinous necrotizing bronchopneumonia
serofibrinous pleuritis
well defined pneumonia zones

153
Q

Dx of Shipping Fever

A

BAL from lungs and nose

154
Q

Tx/Prev of Shipping Fever

A

Prev: Feed, decrease stomach fermentation, ventilation, thermoregulation, vx
Tx: antibiotics (evt. + cortico)

155
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

Resembles bovine hemorrhagic septicaemia
septicaemiae at 5-12 mo
acute mortality

156
Q

Haemophillis general

A

Host specific
2wks-4mnths (mainly at weaning)
obligate symbionts
NAD dependent

157
Q

What causes Glasser dz

A

Haemophilus parasuis

158
Q

Pathogenesis of H. parasuis?

A

endogenic-exogenic infection
septicimea
meninigitis
polyserositis, polyarthritis

159
Q

Tx and Prev of Haemonphilus parasuis

A

Tx- antimicrobials

Prev- vx (not always successful)

160
Q

Haemophilus felis causes

A

chronic pneumonia and conjunctivitis

161
Q

Histophilus somnei general

A

difficult dx, needs 2 days incubation w/ 5-10% CO2
colonizes the urogenital mucosal surfaces of ruminants
obligate symbiotic

162
Q

What causes Sleeper’s dz in ruminants?

A

Histophilus somnei

163
Q

Histophilus somnei virulence factors

A

LOS
OMPs
Activation of caspases and thrombocytes
biofilms

164
Q

Histophilus somnei dx and tx

A

bacterial culture
antibiotics
vx available

165
Q

What causes Infectious Coryza in backyard chickens

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

166
Q

Virulence factors for Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

Capsule
Adhesins
Endotoxin
Iron acquisition

167
Q

Pathogenesis and symptoms of Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

carriers, transmission via water or aerosol, stress
symptoms
-acute: general symptoms and anorexia, conjunctivitis
-subacute: sinusitis and pus, edema head and neck
can become chronic

168
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum dx, tx, and prev

A

dx- bacterial culture
tx- antibiotics FAST
prev- eliminate carriers

169
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

A

fac pathogen in different bird species
18 serotypes
relatively new, 1994

170
Q

Symptoms of O. Rhinotracheale

A

nose exudate
facial oedema
mortality low 1-3%

171
Q

Dx of O. Rhinotracheale

A

Slow bacterial culture, needs CO2

ELISA for A serotype

172
Q

Tx and Prev for O. Rhinotracheale

A

tx- antibiotics, natural and acquired resistance. Need suceptability testing
prev- climate, vx

173
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae general

A 
swine
worldwide
young pigs, less than 6 mo
obligate symbiotic
host specific 
not so resistant in enviroment
174
Q

2 Biotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

1- NAD dependent
2- NAD independent
16 serotypes

175
Q

Epidemiology of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

spread from pig to pig, direct or aerosol
pen to pen, ventilation, regrouping of pigs, farmer
carriers: nose, tonsils, lung nodule

176
Q

Virulence factors of Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae

A

fimbriae
iron needed for multpilication
Apx toxins

177
Q

Apx toxins in Actinobacillus

A

a type of RTX toxin

causes cell lysis and reduces phagocytic function

178
Q

Symptoms of Actinobacillus pleuropnuemoniae

A

respiratory distress
general symptoms
acute- dead pig w/ blood on mouth, necrotizing pneumonia
chronic- pigs don’t grow as much

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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