Exam Two Prep Questions Flashcards
1
Q
By age six, the average child in a developed nation weighs _____.
A) between 40 and 50 pounds
B) between 50 and 60 pounds
C) between 30 and 40 pounds
D) between 20 and 30 pounds
A
A) between 40 and 50 pounds
2
Q
The “just-right” phenomenon:
A) refers to young children’s insistence on routine.
B) becomes particularly evident after six years of age.
C) is a pathological development in a young child.
D) is uncommon in children under six.
A
A) refers to young children’s insistence on routine.
3
Q
Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of _____.
A) language skills
B) motor skills
C) brain activity
D) artistic expression
A
B) motor skills
4
Q
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment?
A) decreasing family isolation
B) home visits by a social worker
C) removing an abused child from the home
D) preventing teen pregnancy
A
C) removing an abused child from the home
5
Q
Why do experts prefer the term “injury control” over the term “accident prevention”?
A) The use of the term “accident” suggests that no one is at fault and that certain events are inevitable.
B) Though accidents can be prevented, it is more useful to minimize injury.
C) Federal funding is available for efforts aimed at “injury control,” but not at those designed for “accident prevention.”
D) The word “prevention” is overused and is generally avoided by all experts.
A
A) The use of the term “accident” suggests that no one is at fault and that certain events are inevitable.
6
Q
Which area is said to be the “executive” area of the brain?
A) prefrontal cortex
B) corpus callosum
C) occipital cortex
D) hypothalamus
A
A) prefrontal cortex
7
Q
The _____ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.
A) integrative cortex
B) central bundle
C) corpus callosum
D) association area
A
C) corpus callosum
8
Q
The tendency to stick to one thought or action for a long time is known as:
A) myelination
B) perseveration
C) maturation
D) stranger anxiety
A
B) perseveration
9
Q
Which of the following is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions?
A) thalamus
B) prefrontal cortex
C) corpus callosum
D) limbic system
A
D) limbic system
10
Q
Which of the following is a central processor of memory, particularly for remember locations?
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) pituitary
A
A) hippocampus
11
Q
Which Piagetian term literally means “self-centered”?
A) centration
B) preoperational thought
C) egocentrism
D) conservation
A
C) egocentrism
12
Q
Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child ignoring all attributes that are not obvious?
A) static reasoning
B) focus on appearance
C) conservation
D) irreversibility
A
B) focus on appearance
13
Q
After noticing that her younger brother was having difficulty with a jigsaw puzzle, Rose helped him by praising his successes and recognizing his progress. From Vygotsky’s perspective, this is an example of:
A) guided participation.
B) conseravtion.
C) cognitive operations.
D) private speech.
A
A) guided participation.
14
Q
Vygotsky believed that everyone learns within their _____, which is an intellectual area where new skills can be mastered.
A) scaffolding.
B) zone of proximal development.
C) guided participation.
D) theory of mind.
A
B) zone of proximal development.
15
Q
_____ refers to the idea that children naturally construct theories to explain what they see and hear.
A) Theory-Theory
B) Social Mediation
C) Scaffolding
D) Guided Participation
A
A) Theory-Theory
16
Q
Theory of mind:
A) typically appears rather suddenly.
B) occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of four and eight.
C) occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of eight and
D) does not occur until the formal operational stage of cognitive development is reached.
A
A) typically appears rather suddenly.
17
Q
The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:
A) scaffolding.
B) fast-mapping.
C) guided participation.
D) conservation.
A
B) fast-mapping.
18
Q
The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is:
A) overregularization.
B) fast-mapping.
C) syntax extension.
D) scaffolding.
A
A) overregularization.
19
Q
Child-centered programs recognize that children learn through play with other children. This is most consistent with the views of:
A) Piaget.
B) Vygotsky.
C) Erikson.
D) Freud.
A
B) Vygotsky.
20
Q
According to the text, what complicates the evaluation of Head Start programs?
A) The program is no longer federally funded.
B) Various programs refuse to participate.
C) Gender-based differences in cognitive development make comparisons difficult.
D) Programs vary in length, curriculum, and goals.
A
D) Programs vary in length, curriculum, and goals.
21
Q
By age six, the average child in a developed nation is:
A) at least three and one-half feet tall.
B) not yet three and one-half feet tall.
C) taller than most seven year olds in underdeveloped nations.
D) obese.
A
A) at least three and one-half feet tall.
22
Q
When a young child insists that he brushes his teeth before he reads a story - not after - he or she is exhibiting:
A) the “just right” phenomenon.
B) the “all’s well” phenomenon.
C) picky eater’s syndrome.
D) a mental disorder.
A
A) the “just-right” phenomenon.
23
Q
Exposure to high levels of lead does not cause:
A) a decrease in motor skills.
B) reduced intelligence.
C) behavior problems.
D) mental retardation.
A
A) a decrease in motor skills.
24
Q
The prefrontal cortex is involved in:
A) emotional and creative impulses.
B) planning and goal-directed behavior.
C) auditory and visual processing.
D) voluntary movement and balance.
A
B) planning and goal-directed behavior.
25
The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is:
A) associated tasks.
B) lateralization.
C) integrative processing.
D) limbic processing.
B) lateralization.
26
The _____ is the brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) cortex
C) amygdala
27
A three-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating:
A) egocentrism.
B) centration.
C) focus on appearance.
D) static reasoning.
A) egocentrism.
28
Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging?
A) centration
B) irreversibility
C) static reasoning
D) conservation
C) static reasoning
29
Vygotsky emphasized _____ as a measure of intelligence.
A) curiousity
B) operations
C) what is known
D) the ability to learn
D) the ability to learn
30
Which of the following terms refers to temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and aimed at helping him or her master a new skill?
A) zone of proximal development
B) social mediation
C) apprentice in in training
D) scaffolding
D) scaffolding
31
The tendency of children to copy an action that is not a relevant part of the behavior to be learned is known as:
A) scaffolding.
B) overimitation.
C) mocking.
D) linguistic competence.
B) overimitation.
32
The understanding that others can have thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:
A) neurological maturation.
B) linguistic competence.
C) theory of mind.
D) scaffolding.
C) theory of mind.
33
As a hobby, Jessica and her husband work on car engines. Jessica doesn't always know what a particular car part is, but she typically understands its function and places it in an apporpriate mental caregory. This is an example of:
A) scaffolding.
B) fast-mapping.
C) guided participation.
D) conservation.
B) fast-mapping.
34
Overregularization demonstrates a child's understanding of:
A) vocabulary
B) grammar.
C) syntax.
D) theory of mind.
B) grammar.
35
Research on early-childhood education programs finds that:
A) quality matters most.
B) specific curricula matter most.
C) philosophy of education matters most.
D) home care is always best.
A) quality matters most.
36
Montessori schools emphasize:
A) artistic expression.
B) individual pride and accomplishment.
C) group activities and projects.
D) pretend and dramatic play.
B) individual pride and accomplishment.
37
Which of the following preschools, named after the town in Italy where it began, encourages students to master skills such as writing and using tools?
A) Emerson Waldorf
B) Reggio Emilia
C) Montessori
D) Head Start
B) Reggio Emilia
38
Which of the following types of programs stresses readiness for school, emphasizing letters and numbers that all children should understand?
A) teacher-directed programs
B) student-directed programs
C) Montessori programs
D) None of the above are correct
A) teacher-directed programs
39
Head Start, the federally-funded early-childhood education program for four-year-olds, began in:
A) 1985.
B) 1975.
C) 1955.
D) 1965.
D) 1965.
40
The young children who are least likely to attend preschool in the United States are typically:
A) African-American.
B) Hispanic.
C) Caucasian.
D) Asian-American.
B) Hispanic.
41
Children who have mastered _____ have learned when and how to express emotions.
A) emotional regulation
B) emotional development
C) behavioral regulation
D) behavioral control
A) emotional regulation
42
Initiative versus guilt is Erikson's _____ developmental stage.
A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) fifth
B) third
43
Preschoolers predict that they can solve impossible puzzles or control their dreams. These naive predictions are called:
A) protective optimism.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-concept.
D) initiative.
A) protective optimism.
44
The impulse that propels someone to act is called:
A) shame.
B) motivation.
C) pessimism.
D) guilt.
B) motivation.
45
A musician who plays for the delight of making music has an:
A) extrinsic motivation.
B) inner drive.
C) need for attention.
D) intrinsic motivation.
D) intrinsic motivation.
46
Four-year-old Brooks is afraid of certain things, such as the sound of a train whistle and going to bed without a light on. His excessive fears are on expression of:
A) a lack of maturation in his hearing and vision.
B) adequate emotional regulation.
C) poor care-giving by his mother and father.
D) immature development of his prefrontal cortex.
D) immature development of his prefrontal cortex.
47
An illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as:
A) emotional deregulation.
B) psychosomatic.
C) psychopathology.
D) None of these answers is correct.
C) psychopathology.
48
When a person expresses powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, he or she is:
A) externalizing problems.
B) internalizing problems.
C) extrinsically motivated.
D) emotionally regulated.
A) externalizing problems.
49
An example of an externalizing problem is _____, while an example of an internalizing problem is _____.
A) excessive guilt; impulsive behavior
B) excessive shame; verbal outbursts
C) excessive worthlessness; attacking other people or things
D) attacking other people; being withdrawn
D) attacking other people; being withdrawn
50
Peers provide practice in:
A) emotional regulation.
B) empathy.
C) social understanding.
D) All of these answers are correct.
D) All of these answers are correct.
51
Which of the following is an example of parallel play?
A) Child plays alone.
B) Child watches another child play.
C) Children play with similar toys, but not together.
D) Children play together and take turns.
C) Children play with similar toys, but not together.
52
Many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be very influential is:
A) Piaget.
B) Erikson.
C) Vygotsky.
D) Baumrind.
D) Baumrind.
53
What is the parenting style in which parents are more likely to use physical punishment?
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) expressive
B) authoritarian
54
On average, young children of every ethnic and economic group spend _____ a day exposed to electronic media.
A) one to two hours
B) two to three hours
C) three to five hours
D) six hours
C) three to five hours
55
Which of the following terms refers to a true understanding of the feelings and concerns of another person?
A) antipathy
B) sympathy
C) empathy
D) antisocial
C) empathy
56
Six-year-old Johnny suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. Johnny is displaying:
A) rough-and-tumble play.
B) prosocial behavior.
C) antisocial behavior.
D) internalizing problems.
C) antisocial behavior.
57
Which type of aggression is characterized by insults or social rejection aimed at harming the victim's friendships?
A) instrumental aggression
B) reactive aggression
C) relational aggression
D) bullying aggression
C) relational aggression
58
The ultimate goal of discipline is to:
A) prevent the child from misbehaving.
B) teach the child the standards of behavior within his or her culture.
C) make the child obedient.
D) prevent the child from becoming a delinquent.
B) teach the child the standards of behavior within his or her culture.
59
Longitudinal research has found that children who are physically punished:
A) become adults who reject the idea of physically punishing children.
B) are likely to become well-behaved children.
C) are more likely to become bullies, delinquents, and then abusive adults.
D) will always become violent adults.
C) are more likely to become bullies, delinquents, and then abusive adults.
60
A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people for a specified time is called a:
A) social exclusion.
B) spanking.
C) firm separation.
D) time-out.
D) time-out.
61
The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as:
A) behavioral regulation.
B) emotional regulation.
C) emotional control.
D) empathy.
B) emotional regulation.
62
Erik Erikson's third developmental stage, in which self-esteem emerges, is called:
A) trust versus mistrust.
B) autonomy versus shame.
C) initiative versus guilt.
D) industry versus inferiority.
C) initiative versus guilt.
63
Imaginary friends are increasingly common between:
A) ages one and three.
B) ages three and seven.
C) ages eight and ten.
D) None of the above are correct.
B) ages three and seven.
64
Drive that comes from inside a person is called:
A) intrinsic motivation.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) inner drive.
D) personal motivation.
A) intrinsic motivation.
65
The part of the brain in which neurological advances significantly affect the ability to regulate emotion is the:
A) prefrontal cortex.
B) ventral temporal cortex.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.
A) prefrontal cortex.
66
In an experiment by Lepper and colleagues (1973), children who knew they would receive an award for drawing:
A) were found to have higher levels of self-esteem.
B) became professional artists later in life.
C) demonstrated better emotional regulation.
D) were less likely to draw.
D) were less likely to draw.
67
An illness or disorder of the mind is called:
A) psychosis.
B) schizophrenia.
C) aggression.
D) psychopathology.
D) psychopathology.
68
Girls whose behavior problems got worse over the first years of primary school were more likely to engage in _____ than boys were.
A) reparative behavior
B) aggressive actions
C) storytelling
D) make-believe
A) reparative behavior
69
According to the text, neurological and hormonal effects may make boys more vulnerable to _____ problems and girls more vulnerable to _____ problems.
A) reparative; aggressive
B) aggressive; reparative
C) externalizing; internalizing
D) internalizing; externalizing
C) externalizing; internalizing
70
People of about the same age and social status are known as:
A) classmates.
B) cohort members.
C) peers.
D) playmates.
C) peers.
71
Which type of play appears first in Parten's progression of social play?
A) onlooker
B) solitary
C) parallel
D) associative
B) solitary
72
The researcher Diana Baumrind found that parents differ in four important dimensions of child rearing. Which of the following is one of those dimensions?
A) access to resources
B) expressions of warmth
C) sense of humor
D) expectations for intelligence
B) expressions of warmth
73
Parents who have low expectations for maturity and rarely discipline their children are characterized by Baumrind as:
A) authoritarian,
B) neglectful.
C) authoritative.
D) permissive.
D) permissive.
74
Biological differences between males and females are referred to as:
A) sex differences.
B) gender differences.
C) sexuality differences.
D) genitalia differences.
A) sex differences.
75
Erikson explained that with maturity and adult guidance, children develop _____ and _____.
A) confusion; identity crises.
B) pessimism; depression.
C) guilt; self-control.
D) None of the above.
C) guilt; self-control.
76
A parent might ask a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?" to:
A) foster antipathy.
B) encourage empathy.
C) encourage independence.
D) model reactive aggression.
B) encourage empathy.
77
Feelings and actions that are helpful and kind without a personal motive are:
A) antisocial.
B) prosocial.
C) selfish.
D) instrumentally motivated.
B) prosocial.
78
What kind of aggression is unprovoked and involves repeated physical or verbal attacks?
A) instrumental
B) reactive
C) relational
D) bullying
D) bullying
79
Hurtful behavior, common among two-year-olds, that is intended to get something that another person has is called:
A) instrumental aggression.
B) reactive aggression.
C) relational aggression.
D) bullying aggression.
A) instrumental aggression.
80
Physical punishment _____ the possibility of aggression and temporarily _____ obedience.
A) increases; decreases
B) stops; increases
C) decreases; stops
D) increases; increases
D) increases; increases
81
What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?
A) industry versus inferiority
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt
C) identity versus role confusion
D) initiative versus guilt
A) industry versus inferiority
82
According to Erikson, if eight-year-old Kristina does NOT solve the fourth stage of her psychosocial conflict, she will come to view herself as:
A) self-regulating.
B) inferior.
C) industrious.
D) competent.
B) inferior.
83
Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:
A) crisis.
B) industry.
C) inferiority.
D) latency.
D) latency.
84
The tendency to assess one's own abilities by measuring them against those of other people, especially peers, is:
A) self-criticism.
B) social comparison.
C) self-concept.
D) social evaluation.
B) social comparison.
85
The capacity to develop well by adapting positively to significant adversity is called:
A) self-esteem.
B) stability.
C) industry.
D) resilience.
D) resilience.
86
The way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members is referred to as:
A) family structure.
B) family stability.
C) family function.
D) extended family.
C) family function.
87
The legal and g enetic connections among people living in the same household are known as:
A) family function.
B) family structure.
C) DNA.
D) family dynamics.
B) family structure.
88
A child that grows up in a military family is usually lacking in:
A) educational opportunities.
B) good health care.
C) stability.
D) socioeconomic status.
C) stability.
89
The most common type of family structure for US children between ages six and 11 is:
A) adoptive.
B) blended.
C) nuclear.
D) single-parent.
C) nuclear.
90
An extended family is a family that may include:
A) cousins.
B) uncles.
C) grandparents.
D) All of the above.
D) All of the above.
91
According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:
A) homosexuality and divorce.
B) cohabitation and low income.
C) low income and high conflict.
D) financial stress and lack of marital commitment.
C) low income and high conflict.
92
A characteristic of the culture of children may include:
A) spouting curses, accents, and slang.
B) improving attitudes toward parents.
C) making higher grades in school.
D) excluding peers due to ethnic and racial prejudices.
A) spouting curses, accents, and slang.
93
Psychosocially, one of the most important tasks of a middle-school child is to:
A) develop a mild temperament.
B) learn how to get along with peers.
C) learn how to obey parents and teachers.
D) develop good study habits.
B) learn how to get along with peers.
94
Research on social acceptance among children indicates that:
A) all children are well liked at some point during their middle-school years.
B) some children are well liked - other's aren't - and those in both groups change over time.
C) some children are well liked - others aren't - and once acceptance is determined, it remains constant.
D) culture does not affect the social acceptance among children.
B) some children are well liked - others aren't - and those in both groups change over time.
95
The ability to understand human interactions is called:
A) social cognition.
B) effortful control.
C) latency.
D) resilience.
A) social cognition.
96
Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):
A) aggressive-rejected child.
B) withdrawn-rejected child.
C) neglected child.
D) aggressive-withdrawn child.
A) aggressive-rejected child.
97
Repeated, a systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of:
A) intolerant social functioning.
B) aggressive-rejection.
C) harassment.
D) bullying.
D) bullying.
98
Research has shown that children develop their own standards of right and wrong, guided by:
A) peers only.
B) parents only.
C) culture only.
D) peers, parents, and culture.
D) peers, parents, and culture.
99
The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is:
A) Piaget.
B) Kohlberg.
C) Erikson.
D) Freud.
B) Kohlberg.
100
Civic sense and virtue begins:
A) in middle childhood.
B) prior to middle childhood.
C) in adolescence.
D) in adulthood.
A) in middle childhood.
101
During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:
A) repress their psychosexual needs.
B) require more adult supervision.
C) do poorly academically.
D) attempt to master many skills.
D) attempt to master many skills.
102
Which of the following scenarios represents the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage?
A) Jill avoids learning new skills.
B) Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.
C) John has difficulty making new friends.
D) Gustavo is struggling with his identity.
B) Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.
103
Freud believed that children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet during the _____.
A) latency stage
B) phallic stage
C) genital stage
D) industry stage
A) latency stage
104
School-aged children tend to be aware of their classmates' opinions, judgments, and accomplishments. This development enables school-aged children to engage in:
A) social efficacy.
B) the culture of children.
C) social comparison.
D) peer rejections.
C) social comparison.
105
Which of the following is TRUE of resilience?
A) Resilience is a stable trait.
B) Resilience is dynamic.
C) Resilience is defined as the absence of pathology.
D) A child experiencing minor stressors is considered resilient.
B) Resilience is dynamic.
106
According to your text, the most important overall family function is to provide:
A) exposure to religious function.
B) love and encouragement.
C) a two-parent support system for siblings.
D) All of these answers are equally important.
B) love and encouragement.
107
Children in US military families move often and:
A) have fewer emotional problems.
B) have higher achievement in school.
C) have lower school achievement.
D) show no difference in achievement level.
C) have lower school achievement.
108
A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children younger than age 18 is referred to as a:
A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) blended family.
D) polygamous family.
A) nuclear family.
109
According to your text, approximately ____ percent of six to 11-year-olds currently live in a single parent family.
A) 80
B) 75
C) 50
D) 30
D) 30
110
The _____ model examines crucial questions about the effect of risk factors such as poverty, divorce, or job loss on the family.
A) stress
B) high-risk
C) risk-stress
D) family-stress
D) family-stress
111
Ten-year-old Julian's parents frequently yell and argue. He will more likely:
A) feel lonely if he blames himself for his parents' fights.
B) excel in school if he blames himself for his parents' fights.
C) be troubled if he doesn't take some responsibility for his parents' discord.
D) not be affected by the lack of harmony.
A) feel lonely if he blames himself for his parents' fights.
112
The difference in the psychosocial development of young children compared to middle-school children is that:
A) young children are able to make friends much more easily than middle-school children are.
B) middle-school children allow their egocentrism to affect their friendships.
C) middle-school children are not aware of other children's acceptance or rejection of them.
D) young children's egocentrism makes them less affected by other children's acceptance or rejection of them.
D) young children's ego centrism makes them less affected by other children's acceptance or rejection of them.
113
One interesting aspect of the culture of children is that:
A) racial and ethnic prejudice is prevalent during the school years.
B) a sense of fairness and justice is elaborate during the school years.
C) gender stereotypes and gender segregation are strongly maintained.
D) learning a second language is difficult.
C) gender stereotypes and gender segregation are strongly maintained.
114
"Social cognition" refers to:
A) the measure of popularity.
B) the ability to understand social interactions.
C) the ability to modify impulses and emotions.
D) how resilient a child is.
B) the ability to understand social interactions.
115
According to research, the most popular young children are:
A) funny and energetic.
B) kind and cooperative.
C) kind and hard-working.
D) shy and kind.
B) kind and cooperative.
116
A child who is rejected by peers because of timid and anxious behavior is referred to as:
A) aggressive-rejected.
B) withdrawn-rejected.
C) neglected.
D) disliked-rejected.
B) withdrawn-rejected.
117
Characteristics of bullying are:
A) isolated attacks and insults among children.
B) repeated, systematic attacks intended to harm a weaker person.
C) aggressive, playful attacks on one's best friend.
D) occasional insults and fights.
B) repeated, systematic attacks intended to harm a weaker person.
118
Kohlberg described _____ levels of moral reasoning with _____ stages at each level.
A) three; two
B) two; three
C) three; four
D) two; four
A) three; two
119
Which of the following is one of Kohlberg's levels of moral thought?
A) preconventional moral reasoning
B) ethical moral reasoning
C) unconventional moral reasoning
D) None of the above are correct.
A) preconventional moral reasoning
120
Kohlberg would expect a child whose thought processes are egocentric to display moral reasoning:
A) with a "law and order" orientation.
B) at the conventional level.
C) with a punishment and obedience orientation.
D) consistent with concrete operational thought.
C) with a punishment and obedience orientation.
121
During psychosocial development, the adolescent is trying to figure out:
A) "Who am I?"
B) "Where did I come from?"
C) "How much can I learn?"
D) "Who are my friends?"
A) "Who am I?"
122
During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who isn't sure which role to adopt is said to be:
A) in foreclosure.
B) in moratorium.
C) experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion.
D) in a search for compatibility.
C) experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion.
123
It is typical for an adolescent experiencing _____ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism.
A) social adjustment
B) arrested development
C) moral indecision
D) identity diffusion
D) identity diffusion
124
In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding:
A) religion and sex.
B) politics and ethnicity.
C) vocation.
D) All of these answers are correct.
D) All of these answers are correct.
125
Today, vocational identity is postponed because:
A) the government has increased the minimum age to work.
B) teens are not interested in working.
C) teens are more interested in identifying their gender than their vocation.
D) many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.
D) many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.
126
What is a gender role?
A) a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or only women
B) a person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male or female
C) the direction of a person's sexual or romantic attraction
D) a person's biologically determined gender
A) a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or women
127
Petty, peevish arguing that is usually ongoing is known as:
A) bickering.
B) fussing.
C) family drama.
D) dysfunction.
A) bickering.
128
Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when:
A) they can communicate with their parents, but are not emotionally connected to them.
B) there is an emotional closeness with their parents, yet little communication.
C) parents control them with little emotional support.
D) there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.
D) there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.
129
"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers:
A) choose one another.
B) share values and interests.
C) encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.
D) come to resemble the adults in their lives.
C) encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.
130
In the past 50 years, teen births have _____ in every nation.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) stayed the same
D) None of the above are correct.
B) decreased
131
According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is:
A) loose association of girls and boys.
B) sexual experimentation.
C) small mixed-sex groups.
D) long-term cohort.
C) small mixed-sex groups.
132
Which of the following statements concerning homosexual youth is TRUE?
A) Same-sex friendships signify emotional trouble.
B) The formation of friendship and romantic bonds is accelerated in adolescent homosexuals.
C) Females become aware of their homosexuality earlier than males do.
D) Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.
D) Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.
133
The best sex-education programs are those that:
A) teach an abstinence-only approach.
B) start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years.
C) start early and focus on information given by the parents in conjunction with information given by a health class.
D) start during high school and require parental permission for students to be able to participate.
B) start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years.
134
The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom if necessary, is called:
A) family support.
B) devotion.
C) familism.
D) rejection.
C) familism.
135
Serious depression among adolescents is:
A) more common in females than in males.
B) social, not genetic, in origin.
C) less frequent than in childhood.
D) typical of the majority of teens.
A) more common in females than in males.
136
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?
A) Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide than adults are.
B) Parasuicide is more common between the ages of 18 and 24.
C) Rumination is common among adolescents, but suicidal ideation is not.
D) Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.
D) Suicidal ideation is common among adolescent, but completed suicides are not.
137
Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that:
A) explosive anger is a signal for later problems.
B) increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways.
C) adolescent resistance to parental authority is beneficial.
D) half of adolescent girls and boys are steadily aggressive throughout childhood and their early teens.
B) increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways.
138
The best predictor of drug abuse in adulthood is:
A) drug use before age 18.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) parental drug use.
D) ethnicity.
A) drug use before age 18.
139
Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent becoming a shorter and heavier adult?
A) alcohol
B) amphetamines
C) cocaine
D) tobacco
D) tobacco
140
Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to:
A) drop out of school.
B) become teenage parents.
C) be unemployed.
D) All of these answers are correct.
D) All of these answers are correct.
